Clinical Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Diagnosing HIV Infection during Early Infancy in South Africa: Test Timing and Frequency

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 214, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 1319-1328

  Francke, Jordan A ^a,b   Penazzato, Martina ^j,k   Hou, Taige ^a,b   Abrams, Elaine J ^h,i   Maclean, Rachel L ^a,b   Myer, Landon ^l   Walensky, Rochelle P ^a,b,c,d,e   Leroy, Valériane ^m   Weinstein, Milton C ^f,g   Parker, Robert A ^a,b,e,g   Freedberg, Kenneth A ^a,b,c,e,f   Ciaranello, Andrea ^a,b,c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b Medical Practice Evaluation Center   (United States)

^c Division of Infectious Diseases   (United States)

^d BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^g HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^h Mailman School of Public Health ^*  (United States)

ⁱ Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^j MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^k WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^l UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^m UNIVERSITÉ PAUL SABATIER   (France)

more..

Author keywords

birth testing; cost effectiveness; early infant HIV diagnosis; human immunodeficiency virus; nucleic acid test

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCREMENTAL COST EFFECTIVENESS RATIO; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MALE; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; POSTNATAL CARE; POSTWEANING TEST; PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVIVAL; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ADULT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECONOMICS; HIV INFECTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84994768342     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: 15376613     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw379     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Progress report on the global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2015. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ media-asset/JC2774-2015ProgressReport-GlobalPlan-en.pdf. Accessed 22 March 2016
2. Newell ML, Coovadia H, Cortina-Borja M, Rollins N, Gaillard P, Dabis F. Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: a pooled analysis. Lancet 2004; 364:1236-43
3. Bourne DE, Thompson M, Brody LL, et al. Emergence of a peak in early infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS 2009; 23:101-6
4. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2233-44
5. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretrovirals for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2013. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/arv2013/download/en/index.html. Accessed 7 July 2016
6. UNAIDS. How AIDS changed everything: 15 years, 15 lessons of hope from the AIDS response. 2015. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media-asset/ MDG6Report-en.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2016
7. World Health Organization. Global health sector response to HIV, 2000-2015: focus on innovations in Africa: progress report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/198065/1/9789241509824-eng. pdf/en/. Accessed 14 March 2016
8. Ciaranello AL, Park JE, Ramirez-Avila L, Freedberg KA,Walensky RP, Leroy V. Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource-limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions. BMC Med 2011; 9:59
9. Lilian RR, Johnson LF, Moolla H, Sherman GG. A mathematical model evaluating the timing of early diagnostic testing in HIV-exposed infants in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:341-8
10. Hassan AS, Sakwa EM, Nabwera HM, et al. Dynamics and constraints of early infant diagnosis of HIV infection in rural Kenya. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:5-12
11. Woldesenbet SA, Jackson D, Goga AE, et al. Missed opportunities for early infant HIV diagnosis: results of a national study in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:e26-32
12. Lilian RR, Kalk E, Technau KG, Sherman GG. Birth diagnosis of HIV infection in infants to reduce infant mortality and monitor for elimination of mother-to-child transmission. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:1080-5
13. Lilian RR, Kalk E, Bhowan K, et al. Early diagnosis of in utero and intrapartum HIV infection in infants prior to 6 weeks of age. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2373-7
14. Mallampati D, Hannaford A, Sugandhi N, Markby J, Penazzato M. The performance of virological testing for early infant diagnosis: A systematic review. In: International AIDS Society Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 2015. http://www. who.int/hiv/pub/posters/poster-08.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 5 October 2015
15. Provincial Government of the Western Cape Department of Health. The Western Cape consolidated guidelines for HIV treatment: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), children, adolescents and adults. Cape Town: Western Cape Government Health; 2015. https://www.westerncape.gov.za/sites/ www.westerncape.gov.za/files/the-western-cape-consolidated-guidelines-for-hivtreatment-2015-v26012016.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2016
16. World Health Organization (WHO-CHOICE). Prices for hospitals and health centers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2016. http://www.who.int/choice/en/. Accessed 7 July 2016
17. The World Bank. GDP per capita: Data by country. 2015. http://data.worldbank. org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Accessed 7 June 2016
18. Revill P,Walker S, Madan J, et al. Using cost-effectiveness thresholds to determine value for money in low-and middle-income country healthcare systems: Are current international norms fit for purpose? York, United Kingdom: Center for Health Economics, University of York, 2014. https://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/ documents/papers/researchpapers/CHERP98-costeffectiveness-thresholds-value- low-middle-income-countries.pdf. Accessed 7 November 2014
19. Marseille E, Larson B, Kazi DS, Kahn JG, Rosen S. Thresholds for the costeffectiveness of interventions: alternative approaches. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93:118-24
20. Ciaranello AL, Morris BL,Walensky RP, et al. Validation and calibration of a computer simulation model of pediatric HIV infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83389
21. Ciaranello AL, Doherty K, Penazzato M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected African children less than 3 years of age. AIDS 2015; 29:1247-59
22. World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565-eng. pdf. Accessed 3 February 2016
23. Ciaranello AL, Lu Z, Ayaya S, et al. Incidence of WHO Stage 3 and 4 events, tuberculosis, and mortality in untreated, HIV-infected children enrolling in care before 1 year of age: an IeDEA (International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS) East Africa regional analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:623-9
24. Iliff PJ, Piwoz EG, Tavengwa NV, et al. Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS 2005; 19:699-708
25. World Health Organization (WHO). New strategies for infant HIV diagnosis: expert review meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2013
26. Violari A, Lindsey JC, Hughes MD, et al. Nevirapine versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for HIV-infected children. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:2380-9
27. Palumbo P, Lindsey JC, Hughes MD, et al. Antiretroviral treatment for children with peripartum nevirapine exposure. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1510-20
28. Babiker A, Castro nee Green H, Compagnucci A, et al. First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor vs non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher vs low viral load in HIV-infected children: an open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11:273-83
29. Losina E, Yazdanpanah Y, Deuffic-Burban S, et al. The independent effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on severe opportunistic disease incidence and mortality in HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire. Antivir Ther 2007; 12:543-51
30. Holmes CB, Wood R, Badri M, et al. CD4 decline and incidence of opportunistic infections in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for prophylaxis and treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 42:464-9
31. Cleary S, ChithaW, Jikwana S, Okorafor OA, Boulle A. Health systems trust: South African health review. In: Ijumba PBP, ed. Durban 2005. http://www.healthlink. org.za/publications/682. Accessed 7 July 2017
32. Clinton Health Access Initiative. Antiretroviral (ARV) ceiling price list. 2015. http://www.clintonhealthaccess.org/content/uploads/2016/01/2015-CHAI-ARVReference-Price-List.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2016
33. Doherty K, Essajee S, Penazzato M, Holmes C, Resch S, Ciaranello AL. Estimating age-based antiretroviral therapy costs for HIV-infected children in resourcelimited settings based onWorld Health Organization weight-based dosing recommendations. BMC Health Services Research 2014; 14:201
34. Thomas TK, Masaba R, Borkowf CB, et al. Triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission through breastfeeding\-The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study, Kenya: a clinical trial. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001015
35. Bassett IV, Giddy J, Nkera J, et al. Routine voluntary HIV testing in Durban, South Africa: the experience from an outpatient department. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 46:181-6
36. Republic of South Africa Department of Health. National consolidated guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and the management of HIV in children, adolescents, and adults. Pretoria, South Africa: Republic of South Africa Department of Health, 2014. http://www.sahivsoc.org/upload/ documents/HIV%20guidelines%20-Jan%202015.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2016
37. Sherman GG, Matsebula TC, Jones SA. Is early HIV testing of infants in poorly resourced prevention of mother to child transmission programmes unaffordable? Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10:1108-13
38. Becquet R, Marston M, Dabis F, et al. Children who acquire HIV infection perinatally are at higher risk of early death than those acquiring infection through breastmilk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28510
39. Ciaranello AL, Perez F, Keatinge J, et al. What will it take to eliminate pediatric HIV? Reaching WHO target rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Zimbabwe: a model-based analysis. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001156
40. Thomas LS. Costing of HIV/AIDS services at a tertiary level hospital in Gauteng Province. Witwatersrand, South Africa: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 2006
41. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO-CHOICE unit cost estimates for service delivery. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2016. http://www.who.int/choice/costs/ en/. Accessed 7 July 2016
42. Hsiao NY, Stinson K, Myer L. Linkage of HIV-infected infants from diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy services across the Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55308
43. Maritz J, Hsiao N, Preiser W, Myer L. Low uptake of routine infant diagnostic testing following HIV PCR testing at birth. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, Massachusetts, 2016. http://www.croiconference. org/sessions/low-uptake-routine-infant-diagnostic-testing-following-hiv-pcr-testingbirth. Accessed 16 March 2016
44. Hunink M, Glasziou P, Siegel J, et al. Decision making in health and medicine: integrating evidence and values. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003
45. Goga AE, Jackson DJ, Singh MCL, for the SAPMTCTE study group. Early (4-8 weeks postpartum) population-level effectiveness of WHO PMTCT Option A, South Africa, 2012-2013. Cape Town, South Africa: South African Medical Research Council and National Department of Health of South Africa, 2012. http://www.mrc.ac.za/healthsystems/SAPMTCTEReport2012.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2016
46. Finocchario-Kessler S, Odera I, Okoth V, et al. Lessons learned from implementing the HIV infant tracking system (HITSystem): A web-based intervention to improve early infant diagnosis in Kenya. Healthc (Amst) 2015; 3:190-5
47. Collins IJ, Cairns J, Ngo-Giang Huong N, et al. Cost-effectiveness of early infantHIV diagnosis of HIV-exposed infants and immediate antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children under 24 months in Thailand. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91004
48. Rollins N, Mzolo S, Moodley T, Esterhuizen T, van Rooyen H. Universal HIV testing of infants at immunization clinics: an acceptable and feasible approach for early infant diagnosis in high HIV prevalence settings. AIDS 2009; 23:1851-7