p53 and the carcinogenicity of chronic inflammation

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2016, Pages

  Gudkov, Andrei V ^a   Komarova, Elena A ^a  

^a ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; PROTEIN P53;

AGING; ARTICLE; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARCINOGENICITY; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; HUMAN; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROTEIN FUNCTION; SENESCENCE; CELL AGING; COMPLICATION; DNA DAMAGE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CELLULAR SENESCENCE; DNA DAMAGE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; NEOPLASMS; NF-KAPPA B; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

EID: 84994609052     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21571422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026161     Document Type: Article

References (198)

1. Ak P, Levine AJ. 2010. p53 and NF-kB: Different strategies for responding to stress lead to a functional antagonism. FASEB J 24: 3643-3652.
2. Alessi DR, James SR, Downes CP, Holmes AB, Gaffney PR, Reese CB, Cohen P. 1997. Characterization of a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Ba. Curr Biol 7: 261-269.
3. Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA. 2006. Insights into the mechanisms of CMV-mediated interference with cellular apoptosis. Immunol Cell Biol 84: 99-106.
4. Asquith M, Powrie F. 2010. An innately dangerous balancing act: Intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, and colitis-associated cancer. J Exp Med 207: 1573-1577.
5. Avantaggiati ML, Ogryzko V, Gardner K, Giordano A, Levine AS, Kelly K. 1997. Recruitment of p300/CBP in p53-dependent signal pathways. Cell 89: 1175-1184.
6. Bai D, Ueno L, Vogt PK. 2009. Akt-mediated regulation of NF-kB and the essentialness of NF-kB for the oncogenicity of PI3K and Akt. Int J Cancer 125: 2863-2870.
7. Baker DJ, Wijshake T, Tchkonia T, LeBrasseur NK, Childs BG, van de Sluis B, Kirkland JL, van Deursen JM. 2011. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders. Nature 479: 232-236.
8. Balkwill F, Coussens LM. 2004. Cancer: An inflammatory link. Nature 431: 405-406.
9. Bartholomew JN, Volonte D, Galbiati F. 2009. Caveolin-1 regulates the antagonistic pleiotropic properties of cellular senescence through a novel Mdm2/p53-mediated pathway. Cancer Res 69: 2878-2886.
10. Barykova YA, Logunov DY, Shmarov MM, Vinarov AZ, Fiev DN, Vinarova NA, Rakovskaya IV, Baker PS, Shyshynova I, Stephenson AJ, et al. 2011. Association of Mycoplasma hominis infection with prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2: 289-297.
11. Beausejour CM, Krtolica A, Galimi F, Narita M, Lowe SW, Yaswen P, Campisi J. 2003. Reversal of human cellular senescence: Roles of the p53 and p16 pathways. EMBO J 22: 4212-4222.
12. Ben-Neriah Y, Karin M. 2011. Inflammation meets cancer, with NF-kB as the matchmaker. Nat Immunol 12: 715-723.
13. Bhatia B, Multani AS, Patrawala L, Chen X, Calhoun-Davis T, Zhou J, Schroeder L, Schneider-Broussard R, Shen J, Pathak S, et al. 2008. Evidence that senescent human prostate epithelial cells enhance tumorigenicity: Cell fusion as a potential mechanism and inhibition by p16INK4a and hTERT. Int J Cancer 122: 1483-1495.
14. Bianchi ME. 2007. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: All we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol 81: 1-5.
15. Burdelya LG, Krivokrysenko VI, Tallant TC, Strom E, Gleiberman AS, Gupta D, Kurnasov OV, Fort FL, Osterman AL, Didonato JA, et al. 2008. An agonist of Toll-like receptor 5 has radioprotective activity in mouse and primate models. Science 320: 226-230.
16. Cadwell C, Zambetti GP. 2001. The effects of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor activity and mutant p53 gain-of-function on cell growth. Gene 277: 15-30.
17. Campbell KJ, Rocha S, Perkins ND. 2004. Active repression of antiapoptotic gene expression by RelA(p65) NF-kB. Mol Cell 13: 853-865.
18. Campisi J, Robert L. 2014. Cell senescence: Role in aging and age-related diseases. Interdiscip Top Gerontol 39: 45-61.
19. Cao L, LiW, Kim S, Brodie SG, Deng CX. 2003. Senescence, aging, and malignant transformation mediated by p53 in mice lacking the Brca1 full-length isoform. Genes Dev 17: 201-213.
20. Chang MH. 2007. Hepatitis B virus infection. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12: 160-167.
21. Cheon H, Borden EC, Stark GR. 2014. Interferons and their stimulated genes in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Oncol 41: 156-173.
22. Chiao PJ, Miyamoto S, Verma IM. 1994. Autoregulation of IkBa activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 91: 28-32.
23. Chien Y, Scuoppo C,Wang X, Fang X, Balgley B, Bolden JE, Premsrirut P, Luo W, Chicas A, Lee CS, et al. 2011. Control of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by NF-kB promotes senescence and enhances chemosensitivity. Genes Dev 25: 2125-2136.
24. Christophorou MA,Martin-Zanca D, Soucek L, Lawlor ER, Brown-Swigart L, Verschuren EW, Evan GI. 2005. Temp poral dissection of p53 function in vitro and in vivo. Nat Genet 37: 718-726.
25. Christophorou MA, Ringshausen I, Finch AJ, Swigart LB, Evan GI. 2006. The pathological response to DNA damage does not contribute to p53-mediated tumour suppression. Nature 443: 214-217.
26. Cooks T, Pateras IS, Tarcic O, Solomon H, Schetter AJ,Wilder S, Lozano G, Pikarsky E, Forshew T, Rosenfeld N, et al. 2013. Mutant p53 prolongs NF-kB activation and promotes chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 23: 634-646.
27. Cooks T, Harris CC, Oren M. 2014. Caught in the cross fire: p53 in inflammation. Carcinogenesis 35: 1680-1690.
28. Coppe JP, Patil CK, Rodier F, Sun Y,Munoz DP, Goldstein J, Nelson PS, Desprez PY, Campisi J. 2008. Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor. PLoS Biol 6: 2853-2868.
29. Coppe JP, Desprez PY, Krtolica A, Campisi J. 2010a. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: The dark side of tumor suppression. Ann Rev Pathol 5: 99-118.
30. Coppe JP, Patil CK, Rodier F, Krtolica A, Beausejour CM, Parrinello S, Hodgson JG, Chin K, Desprez PY, Campisi J. 2010b. A human-like senescence-associated secretory phenotype is conserved in mouse cells dependent on physiological oxygen. PLoS ONE 5: e9188.
31. Coupienne I, Bontems S, Dewaele M, Rubio N, Habraken Y, Fulda S, Agostinis P, Piette J. 2011. NF-kB inhibition improves the sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 81: 606-616.
32. Coussens LM, Werb Z. 2002. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420: 860-867.
33. Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME. 1997. Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell 91: 231-241.
34. Davidson S, Maini MK, Wack A. 2015. Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 35: 252-264.
35. Davis DW, Weidner DA, Holian A, McConkey DJ. 2000. Nitric oxide-dependent activation of p53 suppresses bleomycin-induced apoptosis in the lung. J Exp Med 192: 857-869.
36. Demaria M, Ohtani N, Youssef SA, Rodier F, Toussaint W, Mitchell JR, Laberge RM, Vijg J, Van Steeg H, Dolle ME, et al. 2014. An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA. Dev Cell 31: 722-733.
37. Demidenko ZN, Korotchkina LG, Gudkov AV, Blagosklonny MV. 2010. Paradoxical suppression of cellular senescence by p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107: 9660-9664.
38. de Visser KE, Eichten A, Coussens LM. 2006. Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer 6: 24-37.
39. Dey A, Wong ET, Bist P, Tergaonkar V, Lane DP. 2007. Nutlin-3 inhibits the NF-kB pathway in a p53-dependent manner: Implications in lung cancer therapy. Cell Cycle 6: 2178-2185.
40. Dey A, Tergaonkar V, Lane DP. 2008. Double-edged swords as cancer therapeutics: Simultaneously targeting p53 and NF-kB pathways. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7: 1031-1040.
41. Dimauro T, David G. 2010. Ras-induced senescence and its physiological relevance in cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 10: 869-876.
42. Donehower LA. 2002. Does p53 affect organismal aging? J Cell Physiol 192: 23-33.
43. Donehower LA. 2009. Using mice to examine p53 functions in cancer, aging, and longevity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1: a001081.
44. Donehower LA, Harvey M, Slagle BL,McArthur MJ,Montgomery CA Jr, Butel JS, Bradley A. 1992. Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours. Nature 356: 215-221.
45. Drayton DL, Liao S, Mounzer RH, Ruddle NH. 2006. Lymphoid organ development: Fromontogeny to neogenesis. Nat Immunol 7: 344-353.
46. Egan LJ, Eckmann L, Greten FR, Chae S, Li ZW,Myhre GM, Robine S, Karin M, Kagnoff MF. 2004. IkB-kinase bdependent NF-kB activation provides radioprotection to the intestinal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101: 2452-2457.
47. Elkon R, Rashi-Elkeles S, Lerenthal Y, Linhart C, Tenne T, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Shamir R, Shiloh Y. 2005. Dissection of a DNA-damage-induced transcriptional network using a combination of microarrays, RNA interference and computational promoter analysis. Genome Biol 6: R43.
48. Evan GI, d’Adda di Fagagna F. 2009. Cellular senescence: Hot or what? Curr Opin Genet Dev 19: 25-31.
49. Eymin B, Claverie P, Salon C, Leduc C, Col E, Brambilla E, Khochbin S, Gazzeri S. 2006. p14ARF activates a Tip60-dependent and p53-independent ATM/ATR/CHK pathway in response to genotoxic stress. Mol Cell Biol 26: 4339-4350.
50. Feng Z, Levine AJ. 2010. The regulation of energy metabolism and the IGF-1/mTOR pathways by the p53 protein. Trends Cell Biol 20: 427-434.
51. Feng Z, Hu W, Teresky AK, Hernando E, Cordon-Cardo C, Levine AJ. 2007. Declining p53 function in the aging process: A possible mechanism for the increased tumor incidence in older populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104: 16633-16638.
52. Feng Z, Hu W, Rajagopal G, Levine AJ. 2008. The tumor suppressor p53: Cancer and aging. Cell Cycle 7: 842-847.
53. Franceschi C, Campisi J. 2014. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 69: S4-S9.
54. Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, Ottaviani E, De Benedictis G. 2000a. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. AnnNY Acad Sci 908: 244-254.
55. Franceschi C, Valensin S, Bonafe M, Paolisso G, Yashin AI, Monti D, De Benedictis G. 2000b. The network and the remodeling theories of aging: Historical background and new perspectives. Exp Gerontol 35: 879-896.
56. Frank AK, Leu JI, Zhou Y, Devarajan K, Nedelko T, Klein-Szanto A, Hollstein M,Murphy ME. 2011. The codon 72 polymorphism of p53 regulates interaction with NF-kB and transactivation of genes involved in immunity and inflammation. Mol Cell Biol 31: 1201-1213.
57. Franke TF, Kaplan DR, Cantley LC, Toker A. 1997. Direct regulation of the Akt proto-oncogene product by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate. Science 275: 665-668.
58. Garcia-Cao I, Garcia-Cao M, Martin-Caballero J, Criado LM, Klatt P, Flores JM, Weill JC, Blasco MA, Serrano M. 2002. "Super p53" mice exhibit enhanced DNA damage response, are tumor resistant and age normally. EMBO J 21: 6225-6235.
59. Gasparian AV, Burkhart CA, Purmal AA, Brodsky L, Pal M, Saranadasa M, Bosykh DA, Commane M, Guryanova OA, Pal S, et al. 2011. Curaxins: Anticancer compounds that simultaneously suppress NF-kB and activate p53 by targeting FACT. Sci Transl Med 3: 95ra74.
60. Gelfand M, Weinberg RW, Castle WM. 1967. Relation between carcinoma of the bladder and infestation with Schistosoma haematobium. Lancet 1: 1249-1251.
61. Gerritsen ME, Williams AJ, Neish AS, Moore S, Shi Y, Collins T. 1997. CREB-binding protein/p300 are transcriptional coactivators of p65. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94: 2927-2932.
62. Ghosh S, Mendoza T, Ortiz LA, Hoyle GW, Fermin CD, Brody AR, Friedman M, Morris GF. 2002. Bleomycin sensitivity of mice expressing dominant-negative p53 in the lung epithelium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166: 890-897.
63. Goh AM, Coffill CR, Lane DP. 2006. The role of mutant p53 in human cancer. J Pathol 223: 116-126.
64. Goldstein I,Marcel V, Olivier M, Oren M, Rotter V, Hainaut P. 2011. Understanding wild-type and mutant p53 activities in human cancer: New landmarks on the way to targeted therapies. Cancer Gene Ther 18: 2-11.
65. Gonzalez-Navajas JM, Lee J, David M, Raz E. 2012. Immunomodulatory functions of type I interferons. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 125-135.
66. Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Zhang Z, Gladyshev VN, Vijg J. 2014. Comparative genetics of longevity and cancer: Insights from long-lived rodents. Nat Rev Genet 15: 531-540.
67. Goto M. 2008. Inflammaging (inflammationþaging): A driving force for human aging based on an evolutionarily antagonistic pleiotropy theory? Bioscience Trends 2: 218-230.
68. Graham DY. 2015. Helicobacter pylori update: Gastric cancer, reliable therapy, and possible benefits. Gastroenterology 148: 719-731. e3.
69. Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. 2010. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 140: 883-899.
70. Groskreutz DJ, Monick MM, Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS, Quelle DE, Varga SM, Look DC, Hunninghake GW. 2007. Respiratory syncytial virus decreases p53 protein to prolong survival of airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 179: 2741-2747.
71. Gu L, Findley HW, Zhou M. 2002. MDM2 induces NF-kB/ p65 expression transcriptionally through Sp1-binding sites: A novel, p53-independent role of MDM2 in doxorubicin resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 99: 3367-3375.
72. Gudkov AV, Komarova EA. 2005. Prospective therapeutic applications of p53 inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 331: 726-736.
73. Gudkov AV, Komarova EA. 2010. Pathologies associatedwith the p53 response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a001180.
74. Gudkov AV, Gurova KV, Komarova EA. 2011. Inflammation and p53: A tale of two stresses. Genes Cancer 2: 503-516.
75. Guevara NV, Kim HS, Antonova EI, Chan L. 1999. The absence of p53 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing cell proliferation in vivo. Nat Med 5: 335-339.
76. Gulati AP, Yang YM, Harter D,Mukhopadhyay A, Aggarwal BB, Benzil DL,Whysner J, Albino AP,Murali R, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. 2006. Mutant human tumor suppressor p53 modulates the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kB, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and activated protein-1. Mol Carcinog 45: 26-37.
77. Gurova KV, Hill JE, Guo C, Prokvolit A, Burdelya LG, Samoylova E, Khodyakova AV, Ganapathi R, Ganapathi M, Tararova ND, et al. 2005. Small molecules that reactivate p53 in renal cell carcinoma reveal a NF-kB-dependent mechanism of p53 suppression in tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102: 17448-17453.
78. Gustot T. 2011. Multiple organ failure in sepsis: Prognosis and role of systemic inflammatory response. Curr Opin Crit Care 17: 153-159.
79. Guttridge DC, Albanese C, Reuther JY, Pestell RG, Baldwin AS Jr. 1999. NF-kB controls cell growth and differentiation through transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1. Mol Cell Biol 19: 5785-5799.
80. Hinkal GW, Gatza CE, Parikh N, Donehower LA. 2009. Altered senescence, apoptosis, and DNA damage response in a mutant p53 model of accelerated aging. Mech Ageing Dev 130: 262-271.
81. Hoesel B, Schmid JA. 2013. The complexity of NF-kB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Mol Cancer 12: 86.
82. Honda R, Yasuda H. 1999. Association of p19ARF with Mdm2 inhibits ubiquitin ligase activity of Mdm2 for tumor suppressor p53. EMBO J 18: 22-27.
83. Huang WC, Ju TK, Hung MC, Chen CC. 2007. Phosphorylation of CBP by IKK-a promotes cell growth by switching the binding preference of CBP from p53 to NF-kB. Mol Cell 26: 75-87.
84. Hudson JD, Shoaibi MA, Maestro R, Carnero A, Hannon GJ, Beach DH. 1999. A proinflammatory cytokine inhibits p53 tumor suppressor activity. J Exp Med 190: 1375-1382.
85. Hussain SP, Amstad P, Raja K, Ambs S, Nagashima M, Bennett WP, Shields PG, Ham AJ, Swenberg JA, Marrogi AJ, et al. 2000. Increased p53 mutation load in noncancerous colon tissue from ulcerative colitis: A cancerprone chronic inflammatory disease. Cancer Res 60: 3333-3337.
86. Ikeda A, Sun X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Eckner R, Doi TS, Takahashi T, Obata Y, Yoshioka K, Yamamoto K. 2000. p300/CBP-dependent and -independent transcriptional interference between NF-kB RelA and p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 272: 375-379.
87. Iyer SS, He Q, Janczy JR, Elliott EI, Zhong Z, Olivier AK, Sadler JJ, Knepper-Adrian V, Han R, Qiao L, et al. 2013. Mitochondrial cardiolipin is required for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Immunity 39: 311-323.
88. James JA, Kaufman KM, Farris AD, Taylor-Albert E, Lehman TJ, Harley JB. 1997. An increased prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in young patients suggests a possible etiology for systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 100: 3019-3026.
89. Janicke RU, Sohn D, Schulze-Osthoff K. 2008. The dark side of a tumor suppressor: Anti-apoptotic p53. Cell Death Differ 15: 959-976.
90. Janssens S, Tschopp J. 2006. Signals from within: The DNAdamage-induced NF-kB response. Cell Death Differ 13: 773-784.
91. Karin M. 2006. Nuclear factor-kB in cancer development and progression. Nature 441: 431-436.
92. Karin M. 2009. NF-kB as a critical link between inflammation and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1: a000141.
93. Karin M, Cao Y, Greten FR, Li ZW. 2002. NF-kB in cancer: From innocent bystander to major culprit. Nat Rev Cancer 2: 301-310.
94. KashatusD, Cogswell P, Baldwin AS. 2006. Expression of the Bcl-3 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 activation. Genes Dev 20: 225-235.
95. Kawauchi K, Araki K, Tobiume K, Tanaka N. 2008. p53 regulates glucose metabolism through an IKK-NF-kB pathway and inhibits cell transformation. Nat Cell Biol 10: 611-618.
96. Kawauchi K, Araki K, Tobiume K, Tanaka N. 2009. Loss of p53 enhances catalytic activity of IKK-b through Olinked b-N-acetyl glucosamine modification. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106: 3431-3436.
97. Kiyosawa K, Akahane Y, Nagata A, Furuta S. 1984. Hepatocellular carcinoma after non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 79: 777-781.
98. Komarov PG, Komarova EA, Kondratov RV, Christov-Tselkov K, Coon JS, Chernov MV, Gudkov AV. 1999. A chemical inhibitor of p53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy. Science 285: 1733-1737.
99. Komarova EA, Kondratov RV, Wang K, Christov K, Golovkina TV, Goldblum JR, Gudkov AV. 2004. Dual effect of p53 on radiation sensitivity in vivo: p53 promotes hematopoietic injury, but protects from gastro-intestinal syndrome in mice. Oncogene 23: 3265-3271.
100. Komarova EA, Krivokrysenko V, Wang K, Neznanov N, Chernov MV, Komarov PG, Brennan ML, Golovkina TV, Rokhlin O, Kuprash DV, et al. 2005. p53 is a suppressor of inflammatory response in mice. FASEB J 19: 1030-1032.
101. Korotchkina LG, Leontieva OV, Bukreeva EI, Demidenko ZN, Gudkov AV, Blagosklonny MV. 2010. The choice between p53-induced senescence and quiescence is determined in part by the mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2: 344-352.
102. Kuper H, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D. 2000. Infections as a major preventable cause of human cancer. J Int Med 248: 171-183.
103. Kutok JL, Wang F. 2006. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virusassociated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol 1: 375-404.
104. Lane D, Levine A. 2010. p53 Research: The past thirty years and the next thirty years. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a000893.
105. Lang GA, Iwakuma T, Suh YA, Liu G, Rao VA, Parant JM, Valentin-Vega YA, Terzian T, Caldwell LC, Strong LC, et al. 2004. Gain of function of a p53 hot spot mutation in a mouse model of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Cell 119: 861-872.
106. La Rosa FA, Pierce JW, Sonenshein GE. 1994. Differential regulation of the c-myc oncogene promoter by the NF-kB rel family of transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 14: 1039-1044.
107. Lassus P, Ferlin M, Piette J, Hibner U. 1996. Anti-apoptotic activity of low levels of wild-type p53. EMBO J 15: 4566-4573.
108. Lee TL, Yang XP, Yan B, Friedman J, Duggal P, Bagain L, Dong G, Yeh NT, Wang J, Zhou J, et al. 2007. A novel nuclear factor-kB gene signature is differentially expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in association with TP53 status. Clin Cancer Res 13: 5680-5691.
109. Leonova KI, Shneyder J, Antoch MP, Toshkov IA, Novototskaya LR, Komarov PG, Komarova EA, Gudkov AV. 2010. A small molecule inhibitor of p53 stimulates amplification of hematopoietic stem cells but does not promote tumor development in mice. Cell Cycle 9: 1434-1443.
110. Leonova KI, Brodsky L, Lipchick B, Pal M, Novototskaya L, Chenchik AA, Sen GC, Komarova EA, Gudkov AV. 2013. p53 cooperates with DNA methylation and a suicidal interferon response to maintain epigenetic silencing of repeats and noncoding RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110: E89-E98.
111. Leontieva OV, Blagosklonny MV. 2010. DNA damaging agents and p53 do not cause senescence in quiescent cells, while consecutive re-activation of mTOR is associated with conversion to senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2: 924-935.
112. Levine AJ, Oren M. 2009. The first 30 years of p53: Growing ever more complex. Nat Rev Cancer 9: 749-758.
113. Levine AJ, Hu W, Feng Z. 2006. The P53 pathway: What questions remain to be explored? Cell Death Differ 13: 1027-1036.
114. Li L, Ng DS, MahW, Almeida FF, Rahmat SA, Rao VK, Leow SC, Laudisi F, PehMT, Goh AM, et al. 2014. Aunique role for p53 in the regulation of M2 macrophage polarization. Cell Death Differ 22: 1081-1093.
115. LinWW, Karin M. 2007. A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J Clin Invest 117: 1175-1183.
116. Liu D, Hornsby PJ. 2007. Fibroblast stimulation of blood vessel development and cancer cell invasion in a subrenal capsule xenograft model: Stress-induced premature senescence does not increase effect. Neoplasia 9: 418-426.
117. Liu G, Park YJ, Tsuruta Y, Lorne E, Abraham E. 2009. p53 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kB activation and acute lung injury. J Immunol 182: 5063-5071.
118. Loffeld RJ, Willems I, Flendrig JA, Arends JW. 1990. Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma. Histopathology 17: 537-541.
119. Logunov DY, Scheblyakov DV, Zubkova OV, Shmarov MM, Rakovskaya IV, Gurova KV, Tararova ND, Burdelya LG, Naroditsky BS, Ginzburg AL, et al. 2008. Mycoplasma infection suppresses p53, activates NF-kB and cooperates with oncogenic Ras in rodent fibroblast transformation. Oncogene 27: 4521-4531.
120. Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. 2013. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153: 1194-1217.
121. Luo JL, Kamata H, Karin M. 2005. The anti-death machinery in IKK/NF-kB signaling. J Clin Immunol 25: 541-550.
122. Madenspacher JH, Azzam KM, Gowdy KM, Malcolm KC, Nick JA, Dixon D, Aloor JJ, Draper DW, Guardiola JJ, Shatz M, et al. 2013. p53 Integrates host defense and cell fate during bacterial pneumonia. J Exp Med 210: 891-904.
123. Maier B, Gluba W, Bernier B, Turner T, Mohammad K, Guise T, Sutherland A, Thorner M, Scrable H. 2004. Modulation of mammalian life span by the short isoform of p53. Genes Dev 18: 306-319.
124. Martinez-Cruz AB, Santos M, Garcia-Escudero R,Moral M, Segrelles C, Lorz C, Saiz C, Buitrago-Perez A, Costa C, Paramio JM. 2009. Spontaneous tumor formation in Trp53-deficient epidermis mediated by chromosomal instability and inflammation. Anticancer Res 29: 3035-3042.
125. Matheu A, Pantoja C, Efeyan A, Criado LM, Martin-Caballero J, Flores JM, Klatt P, Serrano M. 2004. Increased gene dosage of Ink4a/Arf results in cancer resistance and normal aging. Genes Dev 18: 2736-2746.
126. Matheu A, Maraver A, Serrano M. 2008. The Arf/p53 pathway in cancer and aging. Cancer Res 68: 6031-6034.
127. Medzhitov R. 2008. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454: 428-435.
128. Mendrysa SM, McElwee MK, Michalowski J, O’Leary KA, Young KM, Perry ME. 2003. mdm2 Is critical for inhibition of p53 during lymphopoiesis and the response to ionizing irradiation. Mol Cell Biol 23: 462-472.
129. Mendrysa SM, O’Leary KA, McElwee MK, Michalowski J, Eisenman RN, Powell DA, Perry ME. 2006. Tumor suppression and normal aging in mice with constitutively high p53 activity. Genes Dev 20: 16-21.
130. Merched AJ,Williams E, Chan L. 2003. Macrophage-specific p53 expression plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis development and plaque remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 1608-1614.
131. Mossman BT, Lounsbury KM, Reddy SP. 2006. Oxidants and signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinases in lung epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 34: 666-669.
132. Muller PA, Vousden KH. 2013. p53 mutations in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 15: 2-8.
133. Munoz-Espin D, Canamero M, Maraver A, Gomez-Lopez G, Contreras J, Murillo-Cuesta S, Rodriguez-Baeza A, Varela-Nieto I, Ruberte J, Collado M, et al. 2013. Programmed cell senescence during mammalian embryonic development. Cell 155: 1104-1118.
134. Natarajan V, Komarov AP, Ippolito T, Bonneau K, Chenchik AA, Gudkov AV. 2014. Peptides genetically selected for NF-kB activation cooperate with oncogene Ras and model carcinogenic role of inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111: E474-E483.
135. Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Reddy ST, Van Lenten BJ, Ansell BJ, Fogelman AM. 2006. Mechanisms of disease: Proatherogenic HDL-An evolving field. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2: 504-511.
136. Ogawara Y, Kishishita S, Obata T, Isazawa Y, Suzuki T, Tanaka K, Masuyama N, Gotoh Y. 2002. Akt enhances Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. J Biol Chem 277: 21843-21850.
137. Okuda Y, Okuda M, Bernard CC. 2003. Regulatory role of p53 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 135: 29-37.
138. Olive KP, Tuveson DA, Ruhe ZC, Yin B,Willis NA, Bronson RT, CrowleyD, Jacks T. 2004. Mutant p53 gain of function in two mouse models of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Cell 119: 847-860.
139. O’Prey J, Crighton D, Martin AG, Vousden KH, Fearnhead HO, Ryan KM. 2010. p53-mediated induction of Noxa and p53AIP1 requires NF-kB. Cell Cycle 9: 947-952.
140. Oren M, Rotter V. 2010. Mutant p53 gain-of-function in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a001107.
141. Palmero EI, Achatz MI, Ashton-Prolla P, Olivier M, Hainaut P. 2010. Tumor protein 53 mutations and inherited cancer: Beyond Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Curr Opin Oncol 22: 64-69.
142. Park JS, Lim MA, Cho ML, Ryu JG, Moon YM, Jhun JY, Byun JK, Kim EK, Hwang SY, Ju JH, et al. 2013. p53 controls autoimmune arthritis via STAT-mediated regulation of the Th17 cell/Treg cell balance in mice. Arthritis Rheum 65: 949-959.
143. PerkinsND. 1997. Achieving transcriptional specificity with NF-kB. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 29: 1433-1448.
144. Perkins ND. 2007. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kB and IKK function.Nat RevMol Cell Biol 8: 49-62.
145. Pribluda A, Elyada E, Wiener Z, Hamza H, Goldstein RE, Biton M, Burstain I, Morgenstern Y, Brachya G, Billauer H, et al. 2013. A senescence-inflammatory switch from cancer-inhibitory to cancer-promoting mechanism. Cancer Cell 24: 242-256.
146. Purdie CA, Harrison DJ, Peter A, Dobbie L,White S, Howie SE, Salter DM, Bird CC, Wyllie AH, Hooper ML, et al. 1994. Tumour incidence, spectrum and ploidy in mice with a large deletion in the p53 gene. Oncogene 9: 603-609.
147. Ravi R,Mookerjee B, van Hensbergen Y, Bedi GC, Giordano A, El-Deiry WS, Fuchs EJ, Bedi A. 1998. p53-mediated repression of nuclear factor-kB RelA via the transcriptional integrator p300. Cancer Res 58: 4531-4536.
148. Rocha S, GarrettMD, Campbell KJ, Schumm K, PerkinsND. 2005. Regulation of NF-kB and p53 through activation of ATR and Chk1 by the ARF tumour suppressor. EMBO J 24: 1157-1169.
149. Rock KL, Kono H. 2008. The inflammatory response to cell death. Ann Rev Pathol 3: 99-126.
150. Rook GA, Dalgleish A. 2011. Infection, immunoregulation, and cancer. Immunol Rev 240: 141-159.
151. Ryan KM, Ernst MK, Rice NR, Vousden KH. 2000. Role of NF-kB in p53-mediated programmed cell death. Nature 404: 892-897.
152. Salvador JM, Hollander MC, Nguyen AT, Kopp JB, Barisoni L, Moore JK, Ashwell JD, Fornace AJ Jr. 2002. Mice lacking the p53-effector gene Gadd45a develop a lupus-like syndrome. Immunity 16: 499-508.
153. Salvador JM, Mittelstadt PR, Belova GI, Fornace AJ Jr, Ashwell JD. 2005. The autoimmune suppressor Gadd45a inhibits the T cell alternative 38 activation pathway. Nat Immunol 6: 396-402.
154. Scatizzi JC, Mavers M, Hutcheson J, Young B, Shi B, Pope RM, Ruderman EM, Samways DS, Corbett JA, Egan TM, et al. 2009. The CDK domain of p21 is a suppressor of IL-1b-mediated inflammation in activated macrophages. Eur J Immunol 39: 820-825.
155. Scheffner M, Werness BA, Huibregtse JM, Levine AJ, Howley PM. 1990. The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53. Cell 63: 1129-1136.
156. Schiffrin EJ, Morley JE, Donnet-Hughes A, Guigoz Y. 2010. The inflammatory status of the elderly: The intestinal contribution. Mutat Res 690: 50-56.
157. Schneider G, Kramer OH. 2011. NF-kB/p53 crosstalk-A promising new therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta 1815: 90-103.
158. Schneider G, Henrich A, Greiner G, Wolf V, Lovas A, Wieczorek M, Wagner T, Reichardt S, von Werder A, Schmid RM, et al. 2010. Cross talk between stimulated NF-kB and the tumor suppressor p53. Oncogene 29: 2795-2806.
159. Schumm K, Rocha S, Caamano J, Perkins ND. 2006. Regulation of p53 tumour suppressor target gene expression by the p52 NF-kB subunit. EMBO J 25: 4820-4832.
160. Schwartz DA. 1980. Helminths in the induction of cancer: Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and cholangiocarcinoma. Trop Geogr Med 32: 95-100.
161. Schwartzenberg-Bar-Yoseph F, Armoni M, Karnieli E. 2004. The tumor suppressor p53 down-regulates glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 gene expression. Cancer Res 64: 2627-2633.
162. Scian MJ, Stagliano KE, Anderson MA, Hassan S, Bowman M, Miles MF, Deb SP, Deb S. 2005. Tumor-derived p53 mutants induce NF-kB2 gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 25: 10097-10110.
163. Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME, Beach D, Lowe SW. 1997. Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88: 593-602.
164. Shakhov AN, Singh VK, Bone F, Cheney A, Kononov Y, Krasnov P, Bratanova-Toshkova TK, Shakhova VV, Young J, Weil MM, et al. 2012. Prevention and mitigation of acute radiation syndrome in mice by synthetic lipopeptide agonists of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). PLoS ONE 7: e33044.
165. Shangary S, Wang S. 2008. Targeting the MDM2-p53 interaction for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 14: 5318-5324.
166. Shen HM, Tergaonkar V. 2009. NF-kB signaling in carcinogenesis and as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 14: 348-363.
167. Sherlock S, Fox RA, Niazi SP, Scheuer PJ. 1970. Chronic liver disease and primary liver-cell cancer with hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen in serum. Lancet 1: 1243-1247.
168. Sigal A, Rotter V. 2000. Oncogenic mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor: The demons of the guardian of the genome. Cancer Res 60: 6788-6793.
169. Stolte M. 1992. Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric MALT-lymphoma. Lancet 339: 745-746.
170. Storer M, Mas A, Robert-Moreno A, Pecoraro M, Ortells MC, Di Giacomo V, Yosef R, Pilpel N, Krizhanovsky V, Sharpe J, et al. 2013. Senescence is a developmental mechanism that contributes to embryonic growth and patterning. Cell 155: 1119-1130.
171. Strom E, Sathe S, Komarov PG, Chernova OB, Pavlovska I, Shyshynova I, Bosykh DA, Burdelya LG, Macklis RM, Skaliter R, et al. 2006. Small-molecule inhibitor of p53 binding to mitochondria protects mice from g radiation. Nat Chem Biol 2: 474-479.
172. Strozyk E, Poppelmann B, Schwarz T, Kulms D. 2006. Differential effects of NF-kB on apoptosis induced by DNAdamaging agents: The type of DNA damage determines the final outcome. Oncogene 25: 6239-6251.
173. Sunami Y,Wirth T. 2011. Intestinal carcinogenesis: IKK can go all the way. J Clin Invest 121: 2551-2553.
174. Suzuki J, Ogawa M,Muto S, Itai A, Isobe M, Hirata Y, Nagai R. 2011. Novel IkB kinase inhibitors for treatment of nuclear factor-B-related diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 20: 395-405.
175. Szoltysek K, Pietranek K, Kalinowska-Herok M, Pietrowska M, Kimmel M, Widlak P. 2008. TNF-a-induced activation of NF-kB protects against UV-induced apoptosis specifically in p53-proficient cells. Acta Biochim Pol 55: 741-748.
176. Tavana O, Benjamin CL, Puebla-Osorio N, Sang M, Ullrich SE, Ananthaswamy HN, Zhu C. 2010. Absence of p53-dependent apoptosis leads to UV radiation hypersensitivity, enhanced immunosuppression and cellular senescence. Cell Cycle 9: 3328-3336.
177. Tergaonkar V, Perkins ND. 2007. p53 and NF-kB crosstalk: IKK-a tips the balance. Mol Cell 26: 158-159.
178. Tergaonkar V, Pando M, Vafa O,Wahl G, Verma I. 2002. p53 stabilization is decreased upon NF-kB activation: A role for NF-kB in acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Cell 1: 493-503.
179. Thompson MP, Kurzrock R. 2004. Epstein-Barr virus and cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10: 803-821.
180. Trakala M, Arias CF, Garcia MI, Moreno-Ortiz MC, Tsilingiri K, Fernandez PJ,Mellado M, Diaz-MecoMT,Moscat J, Serrano M, et al. 2009. Regulation of macrophage activation and septic shock susceptibility via p21(WAF1/ CIP1). Eur J Immunol 39: 810-819.
181. Ullman TA, Itzkowitz SH. 2011. Intestinal inflammation and cancer. Gastroenterology 140: 1807-1816.
182. Vaid M, Katiyar SK. 2010. Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.). Int J Oncol 36: 1053-1060.
183. van Vlijmen BJ, Gerritsen G, Franken AL, Boesten LS, Kockx MM,Gijbels MJ, VierboomMP, van Eck M, van DeWater B, van Berkel TJ, et al. 2001. Macrophage p53 deficiency leads to enhanced atherosclerosis in APOE_3-Leiden transgenic mice. Circ Res 88: 780-786.
184. Varela I, Cadinanos J, Pendas AM, Gutierrez-Fernandez A, Folgueras AR, Sanchez LM, Zhou Z, Rodriguez FJ, Stewart CL, Vega JA, et al. 2005. Accelerated ageing in mice deficient in Zmpste24 protease is linked to p53 signalling activation. Nature 437: 564-568.
185. Vassilev LT, Vu BT, Graves B, Carvajal D, Podlaski F, Filipovic Z, Kong N, KammlottU, Lukacs C, Klein C, et al. 2004. In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2. Science 303: 844-848.
186. Vaughan CA, Singh S, Windle B, Sankala HM, Graves PR, Andrew Yeudall W, Deb SP, Deb S. 2012. p53 mutants induce transcription of NF-kB2 in H1299 cells through CBP and STAT binding on the NF-kB2 promoter and gain of function activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 518: 79-88.
187. von der Thusen JH, van Vlijmen BJ, Hoeben RC, Kockx MM, Havekes LM, van Berkel TJ, Biessen EA. 2002. Induction of atherosclerotic plaque rupture in apolipoprotein E- / - mice after adenovirus-mediated transfer of p53. Circulation 105: 2064-2070.
188. Wadgaonkar R, Phelps KM, Haque Z, Williams AJ, Silverman ES, Collins T. 1999. CREB-binding protein is a nuclear integrator of nuclear factor-kB and p53 signaling. J Biol Chem 274: 1879-1882.
189. Wang C, Jurk D, Maddick M, Nelson G,Martin-Ruiz C, von Zglinicki T. 2009. DNA damage response and cellular senescence in tissues of aging mice. Aging Cell 8: 311-323.
190. Webster GA, Perkins ND. 1999. Transcriptional cross talk between NF-kB and p53. Mol Cell Biol 19: 3485-3495.
191. Weisz L, Damalas A, Liontos M, Karakaidos P, Fontemaggi G,Maor-Aloni R, Kalis M, Levrero M, Strano S, GorgoulisVG, et al. 2007. Mutant p53 enhances nuclear factor kB activation by tumor necrosis factor a in cancer cells. Cancer Res 67: 2396-2401.
192. Xia Y, Padre RC, DeMendoza TH, BotteroV, Tergaonkar VB, Verma IM. 2009. Phosphorylation of p53 by IkB kinase 2 promotes its degradation by b-TrCP. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106: 2629-2634.
193. Yamanishi Y, Boyle DL, Pinkoski MJ, Mahboubi A, Lin T, Han Z, Zvaifler NJ, Green DR, Firestein GS. 2002. Regulation of joint destruction and inflammation by p53 in collagen-induced arthritis. Am J Pathol 160: 123-130.
194. Yang ZZ, TschoppO, Baudry A, Dummler B,HynxD, Hemmings BA. 2004. Physiological functions of protein kinase B/Akt. Biochem Soc Trans 32: 350-354.
195. Yeudall WA, Vaughan CA, Miyazaki H, Ramamoorthy M, Choi MY, Chapman CG, Wang H, Black E, Bulysheva AA, Deb SP, et al. 2012. Gain-of-function mutant p53 upregulates CXC chemokines and enhances cell migration. Carcinogenesis 33: 442-451.
196. Yonish-Rouach E, Resnitzky D, Lotem J, Sachs L, Kimchi A, Oren M. 1991. Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature 352: 345-347.
197. Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, Brohi K, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ. 2010. Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature 464: 104-107.
198. Zheng SJ, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE,Wang P,Xu L, Chen YH. 2005. Tumor suppressor p53 inhibits autoimmune inflammation and macrophage function. Diabetes 54: 1423-1428.