Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Partnered Mothers and Fathers from a Longitudinal Cohort

Community Mental Health Journal

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 420-431

  Leung, Brenda M Y ^a,b   Letourneau, Nicole L ^b,c   Giesbrecht, Gerald F ^b   Ntanda, Henry ^b,c   Hart, Martha ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Couples depression; Maternal; Paternal; Postpartum depression

Indexed keywords

ADULT; FATHER; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MOTHER; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ADULT; DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM; FATHERS; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MOTHERS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84994403114     PISSN: 00103853     EISSN: 15732789     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0060-0     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2003). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. ManMag.
2. Anda, R. F., Williamson, D. F., Escobedo, L. G., Mast, E. E., Giovino, G. A., & Remington, P. L. (1990). Depression and the dynamics of smoking: A national perspective. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 264(12), 1541–1545.
3. Anding, J. E., Röhrle, B., Grieshop, M., Schücking, B., & Christiansen, H. (2016). Couple comorbidity and correlates of postnatal depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers in the first 2 weeks following delivery. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 300–309.
4. Areias, M. E., Kumar, R., Barros, H., & Figueiredo, E. (1996). Correlates of postnatal depression in mothers and fathers. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(1), 36–41. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.1.36.
5. Ballard, C., Davis, R., Cullen, P., Mohan, R., & Dean, C. (1994). Prevalence of postnatal psychiatric morbidity in mothers and fathers. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 782–788.
6. Beck, C. (2001). Predictors of postpartum depression. Nursing Research, 50(5), 275–285.
7. Bergink, V., Kooistra, L., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., Wijnen, H., Bunevicius, R., van Baar, A., & Pop, V. (2011). Validation of the Edinburgh depression scale during pregnancy. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70(4), 385–389.
8. Bergman, K., Sarkar, P., O’Connor, T., Modi, N., & Glover, V. (2007). Maternal stress during pregnancy predicts cognitive ability and fearfulness in infancy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1454–1463.
9. Bielawska-Batorowicz, E., & Kossakowska-Petrycka, K. (2006). Depressive mood in men after the birth of their offspring in relation to a partner’s depression, social support, fathers’ personality and prenatal expectations. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 24(1), 21–29.
10. Boyd, R. C., Le, H. N., & Somberg, R. (2005). Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 8(3), 141–153.
11. Brugha, T. S., Sharp, H., Cooper, S.-A., Weisender, C., Britto, D., Shinkwin, R.,… Kirwan, P. (1998). The Leicester 500 Project. Social support and the development of postnatal depressive symptoms, a prospective cohort survey. Psychological Medicine, 28(01), 63–79.
12. Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2012). QuickStats: Prevalence of current depression* among persons aged ≥12 years, by age group and sex—United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60, 1747.
13. Cole, T. J., Freeman, J. V., & Preece, M. A. (1995). Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 73(1), 25–29.
14. Cooper, P. J., & Murray, L. (1998). Postnatal depression. British Medical Journal, 316(7148), 1884–1886.
15. Cornish, A., McMahon, C., Ungerer, J., Barnett, B., Kowalenko, N., & Tennant, C. (2005). Postnatal depression and infant cognitive and motor development in the second postnatal year: The impact of depression chronicity and infant gender. Infant Behavior and Development, 28(4), 407–417.
16. Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 150, 782–786.
17. Cummings, E. M., Keller, P. S., & Davies, P. T. (2005). Towards a family process model of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms: Exploring multiple relations with child and family functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 46(5), 479–489.
18. Dave, S., Petersen, I., Sherr, L., & Nazareth, I. (2010). Incidence of maternal and paternal depression in primary care: A cohort study using a primary care database. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(11), 1038–1044.
19. Deater-Deckard K, Pickering K, Dunn JF, Golding J. (1998). Family structure and depressive symptoms in men preceding and following the birth of a child. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(6):818–823.
20. Don, B. P., & Mickelson, K. D. (2012). Paternal postpartum depression: The role of maternal postpartum depression, spousal support, and relationship satisfaction. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(4), 323.
21. Dudley, M., Roy, K., Kelk, N., & Bernard, D. (2001). Psychological correlates of depression in fathers and mothers in the first postnatal year. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 19(3), 187–202.
22. Edmondson, O. J., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H., Netsi, E., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2010). Depression in fathers in the postnatal period: Assessment of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening measure. Journal of Affective Disorders, 125(1), 365–368.
23. Escribà-Agüir, V., & Artazcoz, L. (2011). Gender differences in postpartum depression: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(4), 320–326.
24. Galambos, N., Leadbeater, B., & Barker, E. (2004). Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(1), 16–25.
25. Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005). Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 106(5, Part 1), 1071–1083.
26. Giesbrecht, G., Poole, J., Letourneau, N., Campbell, T., & Kaplan, B. (2013). The buffering effect of social support on HPA axis function during pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75, 856-862.
27. Goodman, J. H. (2004). Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(1), 26–35.
28. Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 1–27.
29. Goyal, D., Gay, C., & Lee, K. A. (2010). How much does low socioeconomic status increase the risk of prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms in first-time mothers? Women’s Health Issues, 20(2), 96–104.
30. Grace, S. L., Evindar, A., & Stewart, D. E. (2003). The effect of postpartum depression on child cognitive development and behavior: A review and critical analysis of the literature. Archives of Womens Mental Health, 6(4), 263–274.
31. Grant, B. F. (1995). Comorbidity between DSM-IV drug use disorders and major depression: Results of a national survey of adults. Journal of Substance Abuse, 7(4), 481–497.
32. Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., Hanington, L., Heron, J., & Ramchandani, P. (2015). Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: Mediators and moderators. Pediatrics, 135(2), e339–e347.
33. Halligan, S. L., Murray, L., Martins, C., & Cooper, P. J. (2007). Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: A 13-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97(1), 145–154.
34. Kamalifard, M., Hasanpoor, S., Kheiroddin, J. B., Panahi, S., & Payan, S. B. (2014). Relationship between fathers’ depression and perceived social support and stress in postpartum period. Journal of caring sciences, 3(1), 57.
35. Kaplan, B. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., Leung, B. M., Field, C. J., Dewey, D., Bell, R. C.,… Martin, J. W. (2014). The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study: Rationale and methods. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 10(1), 44–60.
36. Kersten-Alvarez, L. E., Hosman, C. M., Riksen-Walraven, J. M., van Doesum, K. T., Smeekens, S., & Hoefnagels, C. (2012). Early school outcomes for children of postpartum depressed mothers: Comparison with a community sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43(2), 201–218.
37. Kerstis, B., Engstrom, G., Edlund, B., & Aarts, C. (2013). Association between mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms, sense of coherence and perception of their child’s temperament in early parenthood in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41(3), 233–239.
38. Kim, P., & Swain, J. (2007). Sad dads—paternal postpartum depression. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 4(2), 35.
39. LaCoursiere, D., Barrett-Connor, E., O’Hara, M., Hutton, A., & Varner, M. (2010). The association between prepregnancy obesity and screening positive for postpartum depression. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 117(8), 1011–1018.
40. LaCoursiere, D. Y., Baksh, L., Bloebaum, L., & Varner, M. W. (2006). Maternal body mass index and self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10(4), 385–390.
41. Letourneau, N., Dennis, C., Benzies, K., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Tryphonopoulos, P.,… Watson, W. (2012a). Postpartum depression is a family affair: Addressing the impact on mothers, fathers, and children. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(7), 445–457.
42. Letourneau, N., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Hegadoren, K., Dennis, C., Rinaldi, C., & Stoppard, J. (2007). Canadian mothers’ perceived support needs during postpartum depression. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 36(5), 441–449.
43. Letourneau, N., Tryphonopoulos, P., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Benzies, K., Dennis, C., & Joschko, J. (2012b). Support intervention needs and preferences of fathers affected by postpartum depression. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 26(1), 1–12.
44. Logsdon, M. C., & Usui, W. (2001). Psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression in diverse groups of women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23(6), 563–574.
45. Matthey, S., Barnett, B., Kavanagh, D. J., & Howie, P. (2001). Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for men, and comparison of item endorsement with their partners. Journal of Affective Disorders, 64(2), 175–184.
46. Matthey, S., Barnett, B., Ungerer, J., & Waters, B. (2000). Paternal and maternal depressed mood during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 60, 75–85.
47. Matthey, S., Henshaw, C., Elliott, S., & Barnett, B. (2006). Variability in use of cut-off scores and formats on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale—implications for clinical and research practice. Archives of Womens Mental Health, 9, 309–315.
48. Murray, L., & Cooper, P. (1996). The impact of postpartum depression on child development. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 55–63.
49. Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R., & Cooper, P. (1996). The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother–infant interactions and later infant outcomes. Child Development, 67(5), 2512–2526.
50. O’Hara, M. W. (2009). Postpartum depression: What we know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(12), 1258–1269.
51. O’Hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37.
52. Patel, V., DeSouza, N., & Rodrigues, M. (2003). Postnatal depression and infant growth and development in low income countries: A cohort study from Goa, India. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(1), 34–37.
53. Paulson, J. F., & Bazemore, S. D. (2010). Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(19), 1961–1969.
54. Paulson, J. F., Keefe, H. A., & Leiferman, J. A. (2009). Early parental depression and child language development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 254–262.
55. Pinheiro, R. T., Magalhaes, P. V., Horta, B. L., Pinheiro, K. A., da Silva, R. A., & Pinto, R. H. (2006). Is paternal postpartum depression associated with maternal postpartum depression? Population-based study in Brazil. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(3), 230–232.
56. Pop, V. J., Komproe, I. H., & Van Son, M. J. (1992). Characteristics of the Edinburgh post natal depression scale in The Netherlands. Journal of Affective Disorders, 26(2), 105–110.
57. Ramchandani, P. G., Stein, A., O’Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Murray, L., & Evans, J. (2008). Depression in men in the postnatal period and later child psychopathology: A population cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(4), 390–398.
58. Regier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Keith, S. J., Judd, L. L., & Goodwin, F. K. (1990). Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 264(19), 2511–2518.
59. Seguin, L., Potvin, L., St-Denis, M., & Loiselle, J. (1999). Depressive symptoms in the late postpartum among low socioeconomic status women. Birth (Berkeley, California), 26(3), 157–163.
60. Statistics Canada. (2001). National Population Health Survey: 1994–1996 Waves of Data. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
61. Vliegen, N., Casalin, S., & Luyten, P. (2014). The course of postpartum depression: A review of longitudinal studies. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–22.
62. Webster, J., Linnane, J. W., Dibley, L. M., & Pritchard, M. (2000). Improving antenatal recognition of women at risk for postnatal depression. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(4), 409–412.
63. Wee, K. Y., Skouteris, H., Pier, C., Richardson, B., & Milgrom, J. (2011). Correlates of ante-and postnatal depression in fathers: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(3), 358–377.