Contesting imagined communities: Gender, nation, and violence in El Salvador

Political Violence and the Construction of National Identity in Latin America

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 73-90

  Hume, Mo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84994309234     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230601727     Document Type: Chapter

References (69)

1. Patricia Ardón, Los Conflictos y el Proceso de Paz en Centroamérica (Oxford: Oxfam UK, and Ireland, 1998).
2. James Dunkerley, The Pacification of Central America (University of London: ILAS Research Papers, 1993).
3. Jenny Pearce, "From Civil War to ‘Civil Society’: Has the End of the Cold War Brought Peace to Central America?" International Affairs 74: 3 (1998), pp. 587-615.
4. José Miguel Cruz and M.A Beltrán, Las Armas de Fuego en El Salvador: Situación e Impacto sobre la Violencia (San Salvador: UCA, 2000).
5. UNDP/PNUD, Informe de Desarrollo Humano (San Salvador: UNDP, 2001).
6. José Miguel Cruz, "Violence, Insecurity and Legitimacy in Post-War Central American Countries" (Oxford: St Antony’s College, 2003), unpublished MSc dissertation.
7. Tim Edensor, National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life (Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2002).
8. John Hutchison and Anthony D. Smith (eds.), Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).
9. Mo Hume, " ‘It’s as if you don’t know because you don’t do anything about it’: gender and violence in El Salvador," Environment and Urbanisation 16: 2 (2004), pp. 63-72.
10. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983), p. 7.
11. Partha Chatterjee, "Whose Imagined Community?" in Balakrishnan, G. (ed.), Mapping the Nation (London: Verso, 1996), pp. 214-226.
12. Silvia Walby, "Woman and Nation," in Balakrishnan, G. (ed.), Mapping the Nation, pp. 235-255.
13. Floya Anthias and Nira Yuval-Davies "Women and the Nation State" in Hutchison and Smith (eds.), Nationalism, pp. 312-316.
14. Robert W. Connell, Gender and Power (Oxford: Polity Press, 1987).
15. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1971).
16. Frank Barrett, "The Organizational Construction of Hegemonic Masculinity: The Case of the U.S. Navy," in Whitehead, S. and Barrett, F.J. (eds.), The Masculinities Reader (Cambridge: Polity), p. 79.
17. Patricia Alvarenga, Cultura y Etica de la Violencia: El Salvador 1880-1932 (San José, Costa Rica: EDUCA, 1996), p. 62.
18. Miguel Huezo Mixco, "Cultura y Violencia en El Salvador," in PNUD (ed.), Violencia en una Sociedad en Transición: Ensayo (San Salvador: PNUD, 2000), pp. 115-138.
19. David Tombs, "Unspeakable Violence: The Truth Commissions in El Salvador and Guatemala," paper presented at a panel on "Remembering and Forgetting the Period of the Military in Latin America" at the Society for Latin American Studies Annual Conference, Leiden, April 2, 2004.
20. Alvarenga, Cultura y Etica de la Violencia, p. 124.
21. Patricia M. Hume, "Meanings, Myths and Realities: Gender and Violence in El Salvador" (Liverpool: University of Liverpool, 2003), unpublished PhD thesis.
22. Elizabeth Dore (ed.), Gender Politics in Latin America: Debates in Theory and Practice (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1997).
23. Vasquez, Norma, Ibanez, Cristina and Murguialday, Clasa. Mujeres-Montana;Vivencias de Guerrilleras y Colaboradoras dei FMLN. Madris; Horas y Horas. 1996.
24. Alan Greig, "The Spectacle of Men Fighting," IDS Bulletin 31: 2 (2000), pp. 28-32.
25. Víctor Antonio Orellana and Rubí Esmeralda Arana, El Salvador: Masculinidad y Factores Socioculturales Asociados a la Paternidad (San Salvador: UNFPA, 2003), p. 89.
26. Interview with Esteban, El Boulevar, May 2002.
27. James Dunkerley, The Long War: Dictatorship and Revolution in El Salvador (London: Junction Books, 1982), p. 7.
28. ECA Editorial, "Valoración del Siglo XX desde los Mártires," ECA November/December (1999), pp. 957-974.
29. Kevin Murray, El Salvador: A Peace on Trial? (Oxford: Oxfam UK/Ireland, 1997), p. 9.
30. Cruz and Beltrán, Las Armas de Fuego, p. 9.
31. Cruz, "Violence, Insecurity and Legitimacy," p. 8.
32. Cruz and Beltrán, Las Armas de Fuego, p.15.
33. Carlos Guillermo Ramos, "Marginación, Exclusión Social y Violencia," in PNUD (ed.), Violencia en una Sociedad en Transición, pp. 7-48.
34. Cruz, "Violence, Insecurity and Legitimacy."
35. Ramos, "Marginación, Exclusion Social y Violencia."
36. IUDOP Normas Culturales y Actitudes sobre la Violencia: Estudio ACTIVA (San Salvador: UCA, 1999).
37. Francisco González and Crisóstomo Pizarro, Cambios Recientes en la Situación de la Niñez y la Mujer en El Salvador (San Salvador: UNICEF, 1998).
38. Dunkerley, The Long War, p. 19.
39. Yvon Grenier, The Emergence of Insurgency in El Salvador: Ideology and Political Will (London: Macmillan, 1999).
40. William Stanley, The Protection Racket State: Elite Politics, Military Extortion and Civil War in El Salvador (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
41. T. David Mason, "The Civil War in El Salvador: A Retrospective Analysis," Latin American Research Review 34: 3 (1999), pp. 179-196.
42. P.J. Williams and Knut Walter, Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997).
43. Stanley, William. The Protection Racket State: Elite Politics, Military Extortion and Civil War in El Salvador. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
44. James Dunkerley Power in the Isthmus (London: Verso, 1988), p. 340.
45. Stanley, The Protection Racket State, p. 42.
46. Kees Kooning and Dirk Kruijt (eds.), Societies of Fear: The Legacy of Civil War, Violence and Terror in Latin America (London: Zed Books, 1999) for further discussion of the normalization of violence in Latin America.
47. Ignacio Martín-Baró, Acción e Ideología: Psicología Social desde Centroamérica (San Salvador: UCA, 1983).
48. Jenny Pearce, Promised Land Peasant Rebellion in Chalatenango El Salvador (London: LAB, 1986).
49. Margaret Popkin, Peace without Justice: Obstacles to Building the Rule of Law in El Salvador (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999).
50. Norma Vásquez, Cristina Ibañez, and Clara Murguialday, Mujeres-Montaña: Vivencias de Guerrilleras y Colaboradoras del FMLN (Madrid: Horas y Horas, 1996).
51. Carlos M. Vilas, Between Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Market, State and the Revolutions in Central America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995).
52. Allen Feldman, Formations of Violence: The Narrative of the Body and Political Terror in Northern Ireland (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991).
53. "The Prosthetics and Aesthetics of Terror," in Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, Mamphela Ramphele, and Pamela Reynolds (eds.), Violence and Subjectivity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), pp. 46-78.
54. Robert H. Holden, "Constructing the Limits of State Violence in Central America: Towards a New Research Agenda," Journal of Latin American Studies 28: 2 (1996), pp. 435-459, 437.
55. Edelberto Torres-Rivas, "Epilogue: Notes on Terror, Violence, Fear and Democracy," in Kooning and Kruijt (eds.), Societies of Fear, pp. 285-300.
56. Martín-Baró, Acción e Ideología, p. 360.
57. Interview with Teofilio, self-help group, November 2001.
58. Liz Kelly, "Wars Against Women: Sexual Violence, Sexual Politics and the Militarized State," Susie Jacobs, Ruth Jacobson, and Jen Marchbank (eds.), States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance (London: Zed Books, 2000), pp. 45-65.
59. Tombs, "Unspeakable Violence.".
60. Interview with Enrique, El Boulevar, March 2002.
61. Veena Das and Arthur Kleinman, "Introduction," in Das, Kleinman, Ramphele, and Reynolds (eds.), Violence and Subjectivity, pp. 1-18.
62. Participant in focus group, El Boulevar, June 2002.
63. Interview with Enrique, El Boulevar, March 2002.
64. Interview with Meche, El Boulevar, April 2002.
65. Interview with Enrique, El Boulevar, March 2002.
66. Interview with Meche, El Boulevar, April 2002.
67. Pearce, "From Civil War to ‘Civil Society,’ " p. 589.
68. José Miguel Cruz, "Violencia, Democracia y Cultura Política en América Latina," ECA, San Salvador: UCA (May-June 2000), pp. 619-620.
69. Kooning and Kruijt, Societies of Fear, p. 11.