The Interrelationships of Psychological Testing, Psychologists’ Recommendations, and Police Departments’ Recruitment Decisions

Police Quarterly

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 318-342

  ho, Taiping ^a  

^a BALL STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993814847     PISSN: 10986111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/109861101129197879     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aldrich, J. H., & Nelson, F.D. (1984). Linear probability, logit, and probit models. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
2. Alpert, G. P. (1991). Hiring and promoting police officers in small departments—the role of psychological testing. Criminal Law Bulletin, 27, 261-269.
3. Ash, P., Slora, K. B., & Britton, C.F. (1990). Police agency officer selection practices. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 17, 258-269.
4. Aylward, J. (1985). Psychological testing and police selection. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 13, 201-210.
5. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M.K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-6.
6. Bartol, C. R. (1991). Predictive validation of the MMPI for small-town police officers who fail. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22, 127-132.
7. Bartol, C. R. (1996). Police psychology: Then, now, and beyond. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 70-89.
8. Beutler, L. E., Storm, A., Kirkish, P., Scogin, F., & Gaines, J.A. (1985). Parameters in the prediction of police officer performance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 324-335.
9. Bonsignore v. City of New York, 683 F.2d 635, (N.Y. Ct. App. 1982).
10. Cascio, W. (1977). Formal education and police officer performance. Journal of Political Science and Administration, 8, 205-211.
11. Cohen, B., & Chaiken, M. (1972). Police background characteristics and performance: Summary report. New York: RAND.
12. Conte v. Horcher, 365 N.E.2d. 567, (Ill. Ct. App. 1977).
13. Cortina, J. M., Doherty, M. L., Schmitt, N., Kaufman, G., & Smith, R.G. (1992). The “big five” personality factors in the IPI and MMPI: Predictors of police performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 119-140.
14. Crosby, A. (1979). The psychological examination in police selection. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 7, 215-229.
15. Daley v. Koch, 892 F.2d 212, (N.Y. Ct. App. 1989).
16. Decker, L. K., & Huckabee, R.G. (1999). Law enforcement hiring practices and narrowing the applicant pool: A case study. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29, 57-70.
17. Dodrill, C. B. (1981). An economical method for the evaluation of general intelligence in adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 668-673.
18. Dodrill, C. B. (1983). Long-term reliability of the Wonderlic Personnel Test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 316-317.
19. Dodrill, C. B., & Warner, M.H. (1988). Further studies of the Wonderlic Personnel Test as a brief measure of intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 145-147.
20. DuBois, P. H., & Watson, R.I. (1950). The selection of patrolmen. Journal of Applied Psychology, 34, 90-95.
21. Gottfredson, L. S. (2000). Skills gaps, not tests, make racial proportionality impossible. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 129-143.
22. Gottlieb, M. C., & Baker, C.F. (1974). Predicting police officer effectiveness. Journal of Forensic Psychology, 6, 35-46.
23. Gough, G. H. (1957). Manual for the California Psychological Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychological Press.
24. Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424, 91 S. Ct. 849 (1971).
25. Gynther, M. D. (1981). Is the MMPI an appropriate assessment device for Blacks? Journal of Black Psychology, 7, 67-75.
26. Gynther, M. D., Flowler, R. D., & Erdberg, P. (1971). The application of standard MMPI criteria to a rural, isolated Negro sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 234-237.
27. Hargrave, G. E. (1985). Using the MMPI and CPI to screen law enforcement applicants: A study of reliability and validity of clinicians' decisions. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 13, 221-224.
28. Hargrave, G. E., & Hiatt, D. (1987). Law enforcement selection with the interview, MMPI, and CPI: A study of reliability and validity. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15, 110-117.
29. Hargrave, G. E., Hiatt, D., & Gaffney, T.W. (1986). A comparison of MMPI and CPI test profiles for traffic officers and deputy sheriffs. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14, 250-258.
30. Hawkins, K. A., Faraone, S., Pepple, J. R., & Seidman, L. (1990). WAIS-R validation of the Wonderlic Personnel Test as a brief intelligence measure in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Assessment, 2, 198-201.
31. Hiatt, D., & Hargrave, G.E. (1988). Predicting job performance problems with psychological screening. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 16, 122-125.
32. Ho, T. (1999). Assessment of police officer recruiting and testing instruments. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29, 1-23.
33. Hogan, R. (1971). Personality characteristics of highly rated policemen. Personnel Psychology, 24, 679-686.
34. Inwald, R. (1985). Administrative legal and ethical practices in the psychological testing of law enforcement officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 13, 367-372.
35. Inwald, R., Kaufman, J., & Roberts, M. (1991). Research demonstrating the need for direct inquiries regarding alcohol use, and past psychiatric history for predicting public safety/security job performance. New York: Hilson Research.
36. Inwald, R., Knatz, H., & Shusman, L. (1983). Inwald Personality Inventory manual. New York: Hilson Research.
37. Inwald, R., & Shusman, E. (1984). The IPI and MMPI as predictors of academy performance for police recruits. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12, 1-11.
38. Jensen, A. R. (1977). An examination of culture bias in the Wonderlic Personnel Test. Intelligence, 1, 51-64.
39. Kaufman, A. S. (2000). Tests of intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 445-476). New York: Cambridge University Press.
40. Kenney, D. J., & Watson, S. (1990). Intelligence and the selection of police recruits. American Journal of Police, 9, 39-64.
41. Klotsche v. City of New York, 621 F. Supp. 1113, (D. N.Y. 1985).
42. Koch v. Standard, 962 F.2d 605, (N.Y. Ct. App. 1992).
43. Kovach, R. C., Surrette, M. A., & Aamodt, M.G. (1988). Following informal street maps: Effects of map design. Environment and Behavior, 20, 683-699.
44. Levy, R. J. (1967). Predicting police failures. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 58, 265-276.
45. Lumb, R. C. (1994). Standards of professionalization: Do the American police measure up? Police Studies, 17, 1-19.
46. Matarazzo, J. D., Allen, B. V., Saslow, G., & Wiens, A.N. (1964). Characteristics of successful policemen and firemen applicants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48, 123-133.
47. McKenna v. Fargo, 451 F. Supp. 1355, (D. N.J. 1978).
48. McQuilkin, J. I., Russell, V. L., Frost, A. G., & Faust, W.R. (1990). Psychological test validity for selecting law enforcement officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 17, 289-294.
49. Megargee, E. I. (1972). The California Psychological Inventory Handbook. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
50. Metchik, E. (1999). An analysis of the “screening out” model of police officer selection. Police Quarterly, 2, 79-95.
51. Mills, M. C., & Stratton, J.G. (1982). MMPI and the prediction of job performance. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 51, 10-12.
52. Murphy, J. J. (1972). Current practices in the use of psychological testing by police agencies. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 63, 570-576.
53. Norusis, M. J. (1992). SPSS/PC+ advanced statistics. Chicago: SPSS.
54. Poland, J. (1978). Police selection methods and the prediction of police performance. Journal of Political Science and Administration, 6, 374-393.
55. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). Task force report: The police. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
56. Pugh, G. (1985). The California Psychological Inventory and police selection. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 13, 172-177.
57. Sanders, B., Hughes, T., & Langworthy, R. (1995). Police officer recruitment and selection: A survey of major police departments in the U.S. Police Forum, 5, 1-4.
58. Schofield, D. L. (1993). Hiring standards: Ensuring fitness for duty. Polygraph, 22, 323-331.
59. Scogin, F., Schumacher, J., Gardner, J., & Chaplin, W. (1995). Predictive validity of psychological testing in law enforcement settings. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 26, 68-71.
60. Shusman, E. J., Inwald, R., & Knatz, H. (1987). A cross-validation study of police recruit performance as predicted by the IPI and MMPI. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15, 162-169.
61. Strauss, M. E., Gynther, M. D., & Wallhermfechtel, J. (1974). Differential misdiagnosis of Blacks and Whites by the MMPI. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38, 55-60.
62. Super, J. T. (1997). Intelligence testing and officer certification examination standing. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25, 43-47.
63. Terman, L. M. (1917). A trial of mental and pedagogical tests in a civil service examination for policemen and firemen. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1, 17-29.
64. Walker, D. B. (1986). The relationship between social research and public policy: The case of police selection processes. American Journal of Police, 5, 1-22.
65. Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976).
66. Winters, C. A. (1992). Socio-economic status, test bias and the selection of police. Police Journal, 65, 125-135.
67. Wright, B. S., Doerner, W. G., & Speir, J.C. (1990). Pre-employment psychological testing as a predictor of police performance during an FTO program. American Journal of Police, 9, 65-84.
68. Zedeck, S., Tziner, A., & Middlestadt, S. (1983). Interview validity and reliability: An individual analysis approach. Personnel Psychology, 32, 355-370.