Language and African Americans: Movin on up a Lil Higher

Journal of English Linguistics

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 186-196

  Smitherman, Geneva ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

African American Language; dialect awareness; King court case; multilingualism; Oakland Ebonics Resolution

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993790791     PISSN: 00754242     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0075424204268223     Document Type: Article

References (24)

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3. Fasold, Ralph. 2001a. In Defense of Pan-African Ebonics as a Language. Paper presented at New Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, October.
4. Fasold, Ralph. 2001b. Ebonic Need Not Be English. In Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1999, edited by James E. Alatis and Ai-Hui Tan, 262-280. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
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11. Oakland Unified School District Board. 1996, December 18. Resolution of the Board of Education Adopting the Report and Recommendations of the African-American Task Force.
12. Palacas, Arthur L. 2001. Liberating American Ebonics from Euro-English. College English 63 (3): 326-352.
13. Perry, Theresa, and Lisa Delpit, eds. 1998. The Real Ebonics Debate: Power, Language, and the Education of African American Children. Boston: Beacon.
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15. Rickford, John R., and Russell J. Rickford. 2000. Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Rickford, John R., Sweetland, and Rickford. 2004. African American English and Other Vernaculars in Education: A Topic-Coded Bibliography. Journal of English Linguistics 32(3): 230-320.
17. Sistrunk, Walter L. 1998. A Unified Analysis of Negative Inversion Constructions in African American English. M.A. thesis, Michigan State University.
18. Smitherman, Geneva, ed. 1981a. Black English and the Education of Black Children and Youth: Proceedings of the National Invitational Symposium on the King Decision. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Center for Black Studies.
19. Smitherman, Geneva. 1981b. “What Go Round Come Round”: King in Perspective. Harvard Educational Review 51 (1): 40-56.
20. Smitherman, Geneva. 2000a. Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner. Rev. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
21. Smitherman, Geneva, ed. 2000b. “A New Way of Talkin”: Language, Social Change, and Political Theory. In Talkin That Talk: Language, Culture and Education in African America. New York: Routledge.
22. Wolfram, Walt. 2001. From Definition to Policy: The Ideological Struggle of African American English. In Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1999, edited by James E. Alatis and Ai-Hui Tan, 1-22. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
23. Wolfram, Walt. 2004. Dialect Awareness in Community Perspective. In Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices and Ideologies, ed. Margaret C. Bender, 15-36. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
24. Wolfram, Walt, Natalie Schilling-Estes, and Kirk Hazen. 2000. Dialects and the Ocracoke Brogue: The Molding of a Dialect. http://www.ncsu.edu/linguistics/code/Research%2520Sites/ocracoke/curriculum.htm.