The Traffic in Cyberanatomies: Sex/Gender/Sexualities in Local and Global Formations

Body & Society

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 57-96

  Moore, Lisa Jean ^a   Clarke, Adele E ^b  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993746119     PISSN: 1357034X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1357034X01007001003     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. Ackerman, Michael J. (1996) ‘Editorial Comments: Build for Future Technology When Building for the Future: A Lesson from the Visible Human Project’, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 3(4): 300-1.
2. Appadurai, Arjun (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
3. Armstrong, David (1983) Political Anatomy of the Body: Medical Knowledge in Britain in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Armstrong, David (1987) ‘Bodies of Knowledge: Foucault and the Problem of Human Anatomy’, pp. 59-76 in Graham Scambler (ed.) Sociological Theory and Medical Sociology. London: Tavistock.
5. Aronowitz, Stanley, Barbara Martinsons and Michael Menser (eds) (1996) Technoscience and Cyberculture. New York and London: Routledge.
6. Aronson, Naomi (1984) ‘Science as a Claims-Making Activity: Implications for Social Problems Research’, pp. 1-30 in Joseph W. Schneider and John I. Kitsuse (eds) Studies in the Sociology of Social Problems. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
7. Becker, Howard S. (1982) Art Worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8. Bell, Susan E. (1994) ‘Translating Science to the People: Updating The New Our Bodies, Our Selves’, Women's Studies International Forum 17(1): 9-18.
9. Berg, Marc (1998) Rationalizing Medical Work: Decision-Support Techniques and Medical Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. Berg, Marc and Annemarie Mol (1998) Differences in Medicine: Unraveling Practices, Techniques, and Bodies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
11. Blake, John B. (1980) ‘Anatomy’, pp. 29-47 in Ronald L. Numbers (ed.) The Education of American Physicians. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. Bolter, Jay David and Richard Grusin (1999) Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1971) Our Bodies, Ourselves. Boston: South End Press.
14. Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1973/1976) Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book by and for Women, 2nd edn. New York: Touchstone/Simon and Schuster.
15. Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1984/1994) The New Our Bodies, Our Selves: A Book by and for Women, 3rd and 4th edns. New York: Touchstone/Simon and Schuster.
16. Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1998) Our Bodies, Our Selves for the New Century: A Book by and for Women. New York: Touchstone/Simon and Schuster.
17. Braidotti, Rosi (1997) ‘Comment and Response to Felski's “The Doxa of Difference” ’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 23(1): 23-47.
18. Bronner, Ethan (1997) ‘Study of Sex Experiencing 2nd Revolution’, New York Times 28 December: 1(N), 1(L).
19. Brumberg, Joan Jacobs (1997) The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. New York: Vintage.
20. Butchart, Alexander (1998) The Anatomy of Power: European Constructions of the African Body. London: Zed Books.
21. Butler, Judith (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
22. Cartwright, Lisa (1997) ‘The Visible Man: The Male Criminal Subject as Biomedical Norm’, pp. 124-137 in Jennifer Terry and M. Calvert (eds) Processed Lives. New York: Routledge.
23. Casper, Monica J. and Lisa Jean Moore (1995) ‘Inscribing Bodies, Inscribing the Future: Sex, Gender and Reproduction on the Final Frontier’, Sociological Perspectives 38(2): 311-333.
24. Cerulo, Karen (1997) ‘Reframing Sociological Concepts for a Brave New (Virtual) World’, Sociological Inquiry 67(1): 48-58.
25. Chiang, Harriet and Ramon McLeod (1997) ‘Net Porn Law Shot Down’, San Francisco Chronicle 20 March: A1, A8.
26. Clarke, Adele E. (1990) ‘Controversy and the Development of American Reproductive Sciences’, Social Problems 37(1): 18-37.
27. Clarke, Adele E. (1998) Disciplining Reproduction: Modernity, American Life Sciences and the ‘Problems of Sex’. Berkeley: University of California Press.
28. Clarke, Adele E. (2000) ‘Grounded Theorizing after the Postmodern Turn: Mapping and Analyzing Situations, Historical Data, Visual Images, and Social Worlds’.
29. Clarke, Adele E. and Lisa J. Moore (in prep.) ‘Sex/Gender/Sexuality in Anatomies from Medieval Texts to Cyberspace: Scientific Representations and Social Practices’.
30. Clarke, Adele E., Janet Shim, Jennifer Foskett, Jennifer Fishman and Laura Mamo (2000) ‘Technoscience and the New Biomedicalization: Western Roots, Global Rhizomes’ [in French], Sciences Sociales et Santé 18(2): 11-42.
31. Cott, Nancy (1978) ‘Passionless: An Interpretation of Victorian Sexual Ideology, 1790-1850’, Signs 4: 219-226.
32. Cvetkovich, Ann and Doug Kellner (eds) (1997) Articulating the Global and the Local: Globalization and Cultural Studies. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
33. Daston, Lorraine and Peter Galison (1992) ‘The Image of Objectivity’, Representations 40: 81-128.
34. de Grazia, Victoria (1996) ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-10 in Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough (eds) The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.
35. Dickinson, Robert Latou (1949) A Topographical Hand Atlas: Human Sex Anatomy, 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co.
36. Dreger, Alice Domurat (1998) Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. London: Harvard University Press.
37. Everson, Laura (1994) ‘Patient Diagnose Thyself with CD-ROMs’, San Francisco Chronicle 11 March: E7.
38. Featherstone, Mike, Mike Hepworth and Bryan S. Turner (eds) (1992) The Body: Social Processes and Cultural Theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
39. Federation of Feminist Women's Health Centers (1981a) A New View of the Woman's Body. New York: Simon and Schuster.
40. Federation of Feminist Women's Health Centers (1981b) How to Stay Out of the Gynecologist's Office. Los Angeles: Women to Women Publications.
41. Fishman, Jennifer, Janice E. Wick and Barbara A. Koenig (1999) ‘The Use of “Sex” and “Gender” to Define and Characterize Meaningful Differences between Men and Women’, pp. 2-20 in An Agenda for Research on Women's Health for the Twenty-First Century, vol. 2. Washington, DC: Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health.
42. Fleisher, Paul (1995) ‘Investigating the Human Body’, Technology and Learning 16(1): 8-12.
43. Forsythe, Diana (1996) ‘New Bottles, Old Wine: Hidden Cultural Assumptions in a Computerized Explanation System for Migraine Sufferers’, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10(4): 551-574.
44. Foucault, Michel (1973) The Birth of the Clinic: An Archeology of Medical Perception, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Pantheon.
45. Foucault, Michel (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
46. Foucault, Michel (1978) The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction. New York: Vintage Books.
47. Fyfe, Gordon and John Law (eds) (1988) Picturing Power: Visual Depictions and Social Relations. New York: Routledge.
48. Gardetto, Darlaine Claire (1992) ‘Engendered Sensations: Social Construction of the Clitoris and Female Orgasm, 1650-1975’, Dissertation in Sociology, University of California, Davis.
49. Gatens, Moira (1996) Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality. London: Routledge.
50. Gieryn, Thomas (1998) Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Grewal, Inderpal and Caren Kaplan (eds) (1994) Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
52. Grosz, Elizabeth (1994) Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
53. Haeberle, Edwin J. (1981) The Sex Atlas. New York: Continuum.
54. Haraway, Donna (1995) ‘Universal Donors in a Vampire Culture: It's All in the Family: Biological Kinship Categories in the Twentieth Century United States’, pp. 321-378 in W. Cronon (ed.) Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature. New York: W. W. Norton.
55. Haraway, Donna (1997) Modest_Witness@Second.Millenium. New York: Routledge.
56. Hartouni, Valerie (1997) Cultural Conceptions: On Reproductive Technologies and the Remaking of Life. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
57. Hayles, N. Katherine (1999) How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
58. Hilgartner, Stephen (1995) ‘The Human Genome Project’, pp. 302-316 in Sheila Jasanoff, Gerald Markle, James C. Petersen and Trevor Pinch (eds) Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
59. Hunt, Lynn (ed.) (1993) The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800. New York: Zone/Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
60. Jacobus, Mary, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth (eds) (1990) Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science. New York: Routledge.
61. Jameson, Frederic (1998) Preface, pp. xi-xvii in Frederic Jameson and Masao Miyoshi (eds) The Cultures of Globalization. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
62. Jones, S.G. (1995) ‘Introduction: From Where to Who Knows?’ pp. 1-9 in S.G. Jones (ed.) CyberSociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. Thousand Oaks, CA.
63. Jordanova, Ludmilla (1989) Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine Between the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
64. Jordanova, Ludmilla (1993) ‘Gender and the Historiography of Science’, British Journal of the History of Science 26: 469-483.
65. Kulish, Nancy Mann (1991) ‘The Mental Representation of the Clitoris: The Fear of Female Sexuality’, Psychoanalytic Inquiry 11(4): 511-536.
66. Laqueur, Thomas (1990) Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
67. Latour, Bruno (1986) ‘Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands’, pp. 1-40 in Henrika Kuklick and Elizabeth Long (eds) Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
68. Latour, Bruno (1988) ‘Visualization and Social Reproduction: Opening One Eye while Closing the Other… A Note on Some Religious Paintings’, pp. 15-38 in Gordon Fyfe and John Law (eds) Picturing Power: Visual Depictions and Social Relations. New York: Routledge.
69. Law, John (1986) ‘On the Methods of Long-Distance Control: Vessels, Navigation and the Portuguese Route to India’, pp. 234-263 in John Law (ed.) Power, Action and Belief. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
70. Lawrence, Sarah and Kae Bendixen (1992) ‘His and Hers: Female Anatomy in Anatomy Texts for US Medical Students, 1890-1989’, Social Science and Medicine 35(7): 925-934.
71. Lazarus, David (1999) ‘Tricks of the Trade: Online Porn Purveyors Form Group to Share Tips, Build Credibility’, San Francisco Chronicle 11 September: D1, 3.
72. Linden, Tom and Michelle Keinholz (1995) Dr Tom Linden's Guide to Online Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill.
73. Lock, Margaret and Patricia Kaufert (eds) (1998) Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
74. Lohr, Steve (2000) ‘Welcome to the Internet, the First Global Colony’, New York Times 9 January, Sec. 4: 1, 4.
75. Lowry, Thomas P. and Thea S. Lowry (1976) The Clitoris. St Louis, MO: Warren Green.
76. Lupton, Debora (1994) Medicine as Culture: Illness, Disease and the Body in Western Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
77. McLuhan, Marshall and Quentin Fiore (1967) The Medium is the Massage. New York: Random House.
78. Martin, Emily (1987) The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
79. Martin, Emily (1991) ‘The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotyped Male-Female Constructed Roles’, Signs: Journal of Women, Culture and Society 16: 485-501.
80. Massey, Doreen (1994) Space, Place and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
81. Mendelsohn, Kathleen D., Linda Z. Nieman, Krista Isaacs, Sophia Lee and Sandra P. Levinson (1994) ‘Sex and Gender Bias in Anatomy and Physical Diagnosis Text Illustrations’, Journal of the American Medical Association 272(16): 1267-70.
82. Monaghan, Peter (1994) ‘Information Technology: Computerized Anatomy - Model of the Human Body Will Form the Base of a Powerful Medical Information System’, The Chronicle of Higher Education 20 April: A26-A27, A30.
83. Moore, Lisa Jean (1997) ‘ “It's Like You Use Pots and Pans to Cook. It's the Tool” : The Technologies of Safer Sex’, Science, Technology and Human Values 22(4): 434-471.
84. Moore, Lisa Jean and Adele E. Clarke (1995) ‘Genital Conventions and Transgressions: Graphic Representations in Anatomy Texts, c. 1900-1991’, Feminist Studies 22: 255-301.
85. Morley, David and Kevin Robins (1995) Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries. London: Routledge.
86. Moscucci, Ornella (1990) The Science of Woman: Gynecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
87. Nilsson, Lennart (1977/1990) A Child is Born, 1st and 2nd edns. New York: Delacorte.
88. O'Connell, Helen E., John M. Hutson, Colin R. Anderson and Robert J. Plenter (1998) ‘Anatomical Relationship between Urethra and Clitoris’, Journal of Urology 159: 1892-7.
89. Omi, Michael and Howard Winant (1986) Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960s to the 1980s. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
90. Oreskes, Naomi (1996) ‘Objectivity or Heroism? On the Invisibility of Women in Science’, Osiris 2nd series 11: 87-113.
91. Oudshoorn, Nelly (1994) Beyond the Natural Body: An Archeology of Sex Hormones. London: Routledge.
92. Oudshoorn, Nelly (1996) ‘A Natural Order of Things? Reproductive Sciences and the Politics of Othering’, pp. 122-133 in George Robertson, Melinda Mash, Lisa Tichner, John Bird, Barry Curtis and Tim Putnam (eds) Future Natural: Nature, Science, Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
93. Oudshoorn, Nelly and Marianne Van Den Wijngaard (1991) ‘Dualism in Biology: The Case of Sex Hormones’, Women's Studies International Forum 14(5): 459-471.
94. Park, Katharine (1997) ‘The Rediscovery of the Clitoris: French Medicine and the Tribade, 1570-1620’, pp. 171-193 in Carla Mazzio and David Hillman (eds) The Body in Parts: Discourses and Anatomies in Early Modern Europe.
95. Park, Robert Ezra (1952) Human Communities. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
96. Petersen, Alan (1998) ‘Sexing the Body: Representations of Sex Differences in Gray's Anatomy, 1858 to the Present’, Body & Society 4(1): 1-15.
97. Phelan, Peggy (1993) Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge.
98. Pollock, Griselda (1992) Avant-Garde Gambits 1888-1893. London: Thames and Hudson.
99. Poster, Mark (1990) The Mode of Information. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
100. Potter, Elizabeth (in prep) Making Gender/Making Science: Gender and Boyles’ Law of Gases.
101. Quackenbush, Debra, Peter Tatin and John Kerr (1996) ‘Segmentation of the Visible Human Data Sets’, Visible Human Project Conference Proceedings, online at www.nlm.nih.gov/resarch/visible/vhp_conf/quackenb
102. Schehr, Lawrence R. (1997) Parts of an Andrology: On Representations of Men's Bodies. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
103. Schiebinger, Londa (1989) The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
104. Schiebinger, Londa (1993) Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science. New York: Routledge.
105. Solomon-Godeau, Abigail (1996) ‘The Other Side of Venus: The Visual Economy of Feminine Display’, pp. 113-150 in Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough (eds) The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
106. Staff (1997) ‘Pornography on the Internet’, Computerworld 31(9): 59.
107. Stafford, Barbara (1991) Body Criticism: Imaging the Unseen in Enlightenment Art and Medicine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
108. Stafford, Barbara (1996) Good Looking: Essays on the Virtue of Images. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
109. Star, Susan Leigh (1983) ‘Simplification in Scientific Work: An Example from Neuroscience Research’, Social Studies of Science 13: 205-228.
110. Star, Susan Leigh and James Griesemer (1989) ‘Institutional Ecology, Translations, and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-1939’, Social Studies of Science 19: 387-420.
111. Stepan, Nancy (1986) ‘Race and Gender: The Role of Analogy in Science’, Isis 77: 261-277.
112. Stevens, Rosemary (1971) American Medicine and the Public Interest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
113. Stix, G. (1993) ‘Habeus Corpus: Seeking Subjects to be a Digital Adam and Eve’, Scientific American 268(1): 146-7.
114. Strauss, Anselm (1987) Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.
115. Swayne, David (1993) ‘Into the Twenty-First Century’, Physicians and Computers 11(3): 8-11.
116. Tesh, Sylvia Noble (1988) Hidden Arguments: Political Ideology and Disease Prevention Policy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
117. Treichler, Paula A., Lisa Cartwright, Constance Penley (eds) (1998) The Visible Woman: Imaging Technologies, Gender and Science. New York: New York University Press.
118. Tuana, Nancy (ed.) (1989) Feminism and Science. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
119. Turkle, Sherry (1995) Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster.
120. Waldby, Catherine (1997) ‘The Body and the Digital Archive: The Visible Human Project and the Computerization of Medicine’, Health 1(2): 227-243.
121. Waldby, Catherine (1999) ‘IatroGenesis: The Visible Human Project and the Reproduction of Life’, Australian Feminist Studies 114(29): 77-90.
122. West, Candace and Don Zimmerman (1987) ‘Doing Gender’, Gender and Society 1(2): 125-151.
123. Weston, Kath (1998) Longslowburn: Sexuality and Social Science. New York and London: Routledge.
124. Wheeler, David L. (1996) ‘Creating a Body of Knowledge (The Visible Man Project)’, The Chronicle of Higher Education 42(21): A6-A9.
125. Wiber, Melanie G. (1998) Erect Men/Undulating Women: The Visual Imagery of Gender, ‘Race’ and Progress in Reconstructive Illustrations of Human Evolution. London: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
126. Wilson, Deborah S. and Christine Moneera Laennec (eds) (1997) Bodily Discursions: Genders, Representations, Technologies. Albany: State University of New York Press.
127. Woolgar, Steve (1991) ‘Configuring the User: The Case of Usability Trials’, pp. 57-70 in John Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters. New York: Routledge.
128. Young, Katharine (1997) Presence in the Flesh: The Body in Medicine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.