Are African women online just ICT consumers?

Gazette

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 235-249

  Robins, Melinda B ^a  

^a EMERSON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa and the Internet; media globalization; technology and development; tele centers; women and development

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993740425     PISSN: 00165492     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640030201     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Africa Policy Information Center (1998) Report: Strategic Action Issue Area: African Women's Rights: www.africapolicy.org/action/women.htm (accessed 9 March 2001).
2. African Information Society Initiative (2001) NICI in Senegal: www.bellanet.org/partners/aisi/nici/Documents_English/senpub.en.doc (accessed 17 August 2001).
3. Amin, S. (2000) ‘Interview: Globalization, Regionalism and Democracy’, Multinational Monitor 21(4): 18—21.
4. Association for Progressive Communications (2001) Information and Communication Technologies: A Women's Agenda: www.flamme.org/documents/apcstate.htm (accessed 8 March 2001).
5. Belt, V., R. Richardson and J. Webster (2000) ‘Women's Work in the Information Economy: The Case of Telephone Call Centres’, Information, Communication and Society 3(3): www.infosoc.co.uk/00111/ab8.htm (accessed 1 March 2001).
6. Blackden, M. and C. Bhanu (1998) ‘Gender, Growth, and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa’, SPA Status Report Executive Summary, World Bank: www.worldbank.org/afr/gender/spa.htm (accessed 9 March 2001).
7. Bray, H. (2001) ‘The Wiring of a Nation: A $1.8 Billion Ring around Africa’, The Boston Globe 22 July: A25.
8. BBC (2001) ‘Bridging the Digital Divide’, 23 January: news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_1119000/1119936.stm (accessed 8 March 2001).
9. Da Costa, P. (1998) Online posting to Women Watch discussion; archivesatwww.sdnhq.undp.org/ww/women-media (27 March).
10. Diop, R. (2000) ‘Gender Sensitivity and the Acacia National Strategy for Senegal’, IDRC Reports 12 July: www.idrc.ca/reports/read_article_english.cfm?article_num=735
11. Dumas, Jo (1999) ‘Telecommunications Growth in Africa through the Multipurpose Community Telecenter’, Working Paper, Association for Progressive Communications: www.sn.apc.org/community/africaict/jdpaper.htm (accessed 21 September 2000).
12. Dutton, W.H. with M. Peltu (1996) Information and Communication Technologies: Visions and Realities. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
13. Federation of African Media Women (1999) Survey of Employment Status of Women in Southern African Media: www.ijnet.org/Archive/1999/11/4—6234 (accessed 4 October 2000).
14. Fontaine, M. (2000) ‘A High-Tech Twist: ICT Access and the Gender Divide’, TechKnowlogia March/April: www.techKnowLogia.org/TKL_active_pages2/CurrentArticles/main.asp?IssueNumber=4&FileType=HTML&ArticleID=94 (accessed 16 March 2000).
15. Global List of Women's Organizations (2000) www.euronet.nl/~fullmoon/womlist/countries/senegal.html
16. Golding, P. (1998) ‘Global Village or Cultural Pillage’, pp. 69—86 in R.W. McChesney, E. Meiksins Wood and J. Bellamy (eds) Capitalism and the Information Age: The Political Economy of the Global Communication Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
17. Gordon, A. (1996) Transforming Capitalism and Gender: Gender and Development in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
18. Harcourt, W. (1999) ‘The Politics of Cyberspace: Women and the New ICTs’, paper presented at the Women Connect Conference, From Social Exclusion to Social Change on the Information Super Highway, London, 22 November: www.womenconnect.org.uk/wharc.htm
19. HealthNet (2000) WorldSpace Foundation, SATELLIFE Create First Public Health Channel for Entire African Continent: www.healthnet.org/press/worldspace-20000518.html
20. Heeks, R. (1999) ‘Information and Communication Technologies, Poverty and Development’, Development Informatics Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 5, Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester: www.man.ac.uk/idp. (accessed 1 February 2001).
21. Herman, E.S. and R.W. McChesney (1997) Global Media: The Missionaries of Modern Capitalism. Herndon, VA: Cassell Academic.
22. Huyer, S. (1997) Supporting Women's Use of Information Technologies for Sustainable Development, Acacia Initiative: www.drc.ca/acacia/outputs/womenicts.html (accessed 9 March 2001).
23. ILO News (2001) ‘Despite Improved Employment Outlook, Digital Divide Looms Large’, World Employment Report 2001. Geneva: International Labour Organization: www.ilo.org/public/english/support/publ/wer/index2.htm (accessed 15 March 2001).
24. Inayatullah, S. and I. Milojevic (1999) ‘Exclusion and Communication in the Information Era: From Silences to Global Conversation’, pp. 76—88 in W. Harcourt (ed.) Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace. London: Zed Books.
25. McCormick, R. (2001) ‘Why the Protestors are Wrong’, BBC Online, 26 January: www.bbc.co.uk (accessed 8 March 2001).
26. Mbendi (2001) ‘Senegal: Computers and Communication': www.mbendi.co.za/indy/cotl/af/sn/pooo5.htm (accessed 8 March 2001).
27. Mbilinyi, M. (1994) The Restructuring of Agriculture in Tanzania: Gender and Structural Adjustment. Dar es Salaam: Institute of Development Studies, University of Dar es Salaam.
28. Mohanty, C., A. Russo and L. Torres (eds) (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
29. Momo, R.S. (2000) ‘Expanding Women's Access to ICTs in Africa’, Ch. 6 in E. Rathgeber and E.O. Adera (eds) Gender and the Information Revolution in Africa. Ottowa: IDRC Books: www.idrc.ca/books/bocus/90309-chp06.html (accessed 15 March 2001).
30. Mottin-Sylla, M. (1998) ‘Use of Electronic Communication for Women's Rights’, Posting to end-violence@edc-cit.org, discussion group sponsored by the Global Knowledge Partnership of the World Bank, March: archives at www.globalknowledge.org/english/archives/mailarchives/gkd/home.html
31. Mudhai, O.F. (2001) ‘The Internet: Triumphs and Trials for Kenyan Journalism’, Ch. 6 in M.B. Robins and R.L. Hilliard (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Africa in Cyberspace. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
32. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (2000) Focus on the New Africa: Fact Sheet on Foreign Direct Investment: www.ipanet.net/unctad/fdiafrica_fact.htm (accessed 1 April 2001).
33. Mutume, G. (1998) ‘Changing the Profile of the Internet User’, InterPress Service, Harare, 10 June.
34. Ngwaimbi, E.K. (1999) Exporting Communication Technology to Developing Countries: Socio-cultural, Economic and Educational Factors. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
35. Nulens, G. and L.V. Audenhove (1999) ‘An Information Society in Africa? An Analysis of the Information Society Policy of the World Bank, ITU and ECA’, Gazette 61(6): 451—71.
36. Rathgeber, E. and E.O. Adera (eds) (2000) Gender and the Information Revolution in Africa. Ottowa: IDRC Books: www.idrc.ca/acb/showdetl.cfm?&DID=6&Product_ID=471&CAT (accessed 17 March 2001).
37. Robins, M.B. (2001) Intersecting Places, Emancipatory Spaces: Tanzania's Women Journalists. Lawrenceville, NJ: Africa World Press.
38. Robins, M.B. and R.L. Hilliard (eds) (2002) Beyond Boundaries: Africa in Cyberspace. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
39. Romero, A. (2000) ‘The Challenges of Globalization’, paper presented at International Labour Organization Symposium on Decent Work for Women, 24 March: www.mirror/public/english/bureau/gender/beijing5/events/decent.htm (accessed 9 March 2001).
40. Saul, John S. and Colin Leys (1999) ‘Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism’, Monthly Review 8 (July/August): www.monthlyreview.org/799saul.htm (accessed 18 March 2001).
41. United Nations (2000a) ‘Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the 21st Century’, plenary report of special session in New York in June: www.un.org/womenwatch/ (accessed 9 March 2001).
42. United Nations (2000b) ‘World Leaders Adopt United Nations Millennium Declaration at Conclusion of Extraordinary Three-Day Summit': srch1.un.org:80/millennium/index.html (accessed 9 March 2001).
43. White House (2000) ‘Trade and Development Act of 2000: Strengthening Our Economic Partnership With Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean Basin’, Fact Sheet, 18 May: www.state.gov/www./regions/africa/fs_whitehouse_agoa.html (accessed 9 March 2001).
44. Women Watch (1999) ‘Summary Report of Online Working Group on Women, The Media, and New Technologies’, UN Internet Gateway on the Advancement and Empowerment of Women: www.womenaction.org/global/wmrep.html. Archives at: sdnhq.undp.org/ww/women-media.
45. World Bank (2001) A New Look at African Privatization: www.worldbank.org/ifc/publications/pubs/impact/imprsm99/privatization.html (accessed 8 March 2001).
46. World Bank Group (2001) Report on Senegal: wbln0018.worldbank.org/AFR/afr.nsf/31fe5b703606b96d852567cf004dd24a/6672b6641d5ca009852567d1004d597b?OpenDocument (accessed 11 April 2001).