Force Against and by Game Wardens In Citizen Encounters

Police Quarterly

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 489-508

  Carter, Timothy J ^a  

^a JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

assault; game warden; use of force; violent encounters

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993724879     PISSN: 10986111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1098611103253852     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Bennett, R.R. (1984). Becoming blue: A longitudinal study of police recruit occupational socialization. Police Science and Administration, 12, 47-58.
2. Bennett, R. R., & Greenstein, T. (1975). The police personality: A test of the predisposition model. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 3, 439-445.
3. Crime in Virginia. (1995-1999). Law enforcement officers killed and assaulted (pp. 54-56). Richmond, VA: Uniform Crime Reporting Section, Department of State Police.
4. Durham, H. M., Lt. Col. (1998). Analysis of 1998 use of force reports. Richmond, VA: Department of State Police.
5. Facts and figures. (1998-1999). Richmond, VA: Department of State Police Superintendent’s Office.
6. Forsyth, C.J. (1993). Chasing and catching “bad guys”: The game warden’s prey. Deviant Behavior, 14, 209-226.
7. Friedrich, R. (1980). Police use of force: Individuals, situations, and organizations. Annals, 452, 82-97.
8. Garner, J., Buchanan, J., Schade, T.,& Hepburn, J. (1996). Understanding the use of force by and against the police. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Department of Justice.
9. Niederhoffer, A. (1969). Behind the shield: The police in urban society. Garden, NJ: Anchor/ Doubleday.
10. Palmer, C. E., & Bryant, C.D. (1985). Keepers of the king’s deer. In C.D. Bryant, D.J. Shoemaker, J.K. Skipper Jr.,& W.E. Snizek (Eds.), The rural work force (pp. 111-137). South Hadley, MA: Berg & Garvey.
11. Reiss, A. J., Jr. (1971). The police and the public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
12. Riksheim, E. C., & Chermak S.M. (1993). Causes of police behavior revisited. Journal of Criminal Justice, 12, 353-382.
13. Skolnick, J.H. (1966). Justice without trial: Law enforcement in democratic society. New York: John Wiley.
14. Vernacchia, C.A. (1999). Analysis of 1999 use of force reports. Richmond, VA: Department of State Police.
15. Walsh, W. F., & Donovan, E.J. (1984). Job stress in game conservation officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12, 333-338.
16. Westley, W.A. (1970). Violence and the police: A sociological study of law, custom, and morality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.