Perceptions of Police and Safety in a Small Town

Police Quarterly

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 248-270

  Nofziger, Stacey ^a   Williams, L Susan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

^b KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

attitudes toward police; fear of crime; perceptions of police; police community relations; rural police

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993683962     PISSN: 10986111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1098611103258959     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ackah, Y. (2000). Fear of crime among an immigrant population in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Journal of Black Studies, 30(4), 553-574.
2. Akers, R. L., La Greca, A. J., Sellers, C., & Cochran, J. (1987). Fear of crime and victimization among the elderly in different types of communities. Criminology, 25, 487-505.
3. Albrecht, S. L., & Green, M. (1977). Attitudes toward the police and the larger attitude complex: Implications for police-community relationships. Criminology, 15, 67-86.
4. Baba, Y., & Austin, D.M. (1989). Neighborhood environmental satisfaction, victimization, and social participation as determinants of perceived neighborhood safety. Environment and Behavior, 21, 763-780.
5. Bachman, R. (1992). Crime in nonmetropolitan America: A national accounting of trends, incidence rates, and idiosyncratic vulnerabilities. Rural Sociology, 57(4), 546-555.
6. Baumer, T.L. (1985). Testing a general model of fear of crime: Data from a national sample. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, 239-255.
7. Black, D. J., & Reiss, A.J. (1970). Police control of juveniles. American Sociological Review, 35(1), 63-77.
8. Block, R.L. (1971). Fear of crime and fear of the police. Social Problems, 19, 91-101.
9. Boggs, S.L. (1971). Formal and informal crime control: An exploratory study of urban, suburban and rural orientations. Sociological Quarterly, 12, 319-327.
10. Boggs, S. L., & Galliher, J.F. (1975). Evaluating the police: A comparison of Black street and household respondents. Social Problems, 22, 393-406.
11. Borrero, M. (2001). The widening mistrust between youth and police. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82, 399.
12. Burby, R. J., &. Rohe, W.M. (1989). Deconcentration of public housing: Effects on residents’ satisfaction with their living environments and their fear of crime. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 25, 117-141.
13. Chamber of Commerce. (2002). Lifestyle. Retrieved from http://ks-manhattaned.civicplus.com/documents/Site%2520Selection%2520Data/MarketingLifestyle.pdf
14. Cheurprakobkit, S. (2000). Police-citizen contact and police performance: Attitudinal differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 325-336.
15. Chiricos, T., Hogan, M., & Gertz, M. (1997). Racial composition of neighborhood and fear of crime. Criminology, 35, 107-132.
16. Cohen, W. (1998, February 2). The feds make a cop drug bust. U.S. News & World Report, p. 36.
17. Conklin, J. (1971). Dimensions of community response to the crime problem. Social Problems, 18, 373-385.
18. Craig, M.D. (2000). Fear of crime among the elderly: A multi-method study of the small town experience. New York: Garland.
19. Fact Book. (2001). Reports and historical information. Retrieved from the Kansas State University Web site: http://www.k-state.edu/pa/statinfo/factbook/
20. Ferraro, K.F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. New York: State University of New York Press.
21. Fyfe, J.J. (1988). Police use of deadly force: Research and reform. Justice Quarterly, 5, 165-205.
22. Gallup, G.H. (1997). The Gallup poll: Public opinion 1996 (p. 204). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
23. Gamson, W. A., & McEvoy, J. (1970). Police violence and its public support. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 391, 97-110.
24. Hadar, I., & Snortum, J.R. (1975). The eye of the beholder: Differential perceptions of police by the police and the public. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2, 37-54.
25. Halim, S., & Stiles, B.L. (2001). Differential support for police use of force, the death penalty, and perceived harshness of the courts. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(1), 3-23.
26. Heath, L., & Gilbert, K. (1996). Mass media and fear of crime. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 378-395.
27. Hindelang, M.H. (1974). Public opinion regarding crime, criminal justice and related topics. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 11, 106-116.
28. Jacob, H. (1972). Contact with government agencies: A preliminary analysis of the distribution of government services. Midwest Journal of Political Science, 16, 123-146.
29. Johnson, D., & Gregory, R.J. (1971). Police-community relations in the United States: A review of recent literature and projects. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 62, 94-103.
30. Johnson, K. (1998, January 22). 42 law officers arrested in sting. USA Today, p.3
31. Keane, C. (1995). Victimization and fear: Assessing the role of offender and offence. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 37, 431-455.
32. LaGrange, R. L., & Supancic, M. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 311-344.
33. Lee, M. S., & Ulmer, J.T. (2000). Fear of crime among Korean Americans in Chicago communities. Criminology, 38(4), 1173-1204.
34. Lewis, D. A., & Salem, G. (1986). Fear of crime: Incivility and the production of a social problem. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
35. Lundman, R. J., Sykes, R. E., & Clark, J.P. (1978). Police control of juveniles: A replication. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 15, 74-91.
36. Meithe, T. D., & Lee, G.R. (1984). Fear of crime among older people: A reassessment of the predictive power of crime-related factors. Sociological Quarterly, 25, 397-415.
37. Morrow, L. (1991, April 1). Rough justice. Time, pp. 16-17.
38. Mullen, R. E., & Donnermeyer, J.F. (1985). Age, trust, and perceived safety from crime in rural areas. The Gerontologist, 25, 237-242.
39. Parker, K. D., Onyekwuluje, A. B., & Murty, K.S. (1995). African Americans’ attitudes toward the local police: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Black Studies, 25, 396-409.
40. Peek, C. W., Lowe, G. D., & Alston J.P. (1981). Race and attitudes toward local police: Another look. Journal of Black Studies, 11, 361-374.
41. Piliavin, I., & Briar, S. (1964). Police encounters with juveniles. American Journal of Sociology, 70(2), 206-214.
42. Priest, T. B., & Carter, D.B. (1999). Evaluations of police performance in an African American sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27, 457-465.
43. Roane, K.R. (2000, February 7). Are police going too far? U.S. News & World Report, p.25.
44. Sampson, R. J., & Bartusch, D.J. (1999). Legal cynicism and subcultural tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 32, 777-804.
45. Scott, Y.M. (2001). Fear of crime among inner-city African Americans. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing.
46. Skogan, W.G. (1994). The impact of community policing on neighborhood residents: A cross-site analysis. In D.P. Rosenbaum (Ed.), The challenge of community policing: Testing the promises (pp. 167-181). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
47. Smith, D. A., & Visher, C.A. (1981). Street-level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions. Social Problems, 29, 167-177.
48. Sterngold, J. (2000, February 11). Police corruption inquiry expands in Los Angeles. New York Times, p. A16.
49. Stoutland, S.E. (2001). The multiple dimensions of trust in resident/police relations in Boston. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 226-256.
50. Tuch, S. A., & Weitzer, R. (1997). The polls—trends: Racial differences in attitudes toward the police. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 642-663.
51. Uniform Crime Reports. (2000). Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from the FBI Web site: www.fbi.gov/ucr/00cius.htm
52. U.S. Census Bureau. (2003). State and county quick facts from Population Estimates, 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html
53. Weisheit, R.A. (1993). Studying drugs in rural areas: Notes from the field. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 213-232.
54. Weisheit, R. A., Falcone, D. N., & Wells, L.E. (1999). Crime and policing in rural and small-town America (2nd ed.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
55. Weisheit, R. A., & Wells, L.E. (1996). Rural crime and justice: Implications for theory and research. Crime & Delinquency, 42(3), 379-397.
56. Weitzer, R. (2000). Racialized policing: Residents’ perceptions in three neighborhoods. Law and Society Review, 34, 129-155.
57. Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S.A. (1999). Race, class and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime & Delinquency, 45(4), 494-508.
58. Will, J. A., & McGrath, J.H. (1995). Crime, neighborhood perceptions, and the underclass: The relationship between fear of crime and class position. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, 163-176.
59. Williams, L.S. (2001). City kids and country cousins: Rural and urban youths, deviance, and labor market ties. In R.T. Michael (Ed.), Social awakening: Adolescent behavior as adulthood approaches (pp. 379-413). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
60. Williams, L. S., & Schwery, P. (2002). Citizens survey: Technical report for Riley County Police Department. Manhattan, KS: Riley County Police Department.
61. Williams, P., & Dickinson, J. (1993). Fear of crime: Read all about it? The relationship between newspaper crime reporting and fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology, 33, 33-56.
62. Wilson-Doenges, G. (2000). An exploration of sense of community and fear of crime in gated communities. Environment and Behavior, 32, 597-612.
63. Witkin, G. (1995, September 11). When the bad guys are cops. Newsweek, pp. 20-22.