Women business owners in the Middle East and North Africa: A five-country research study

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 77-85

  Weeks, Julie R ^a  

^a Womenable ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Entrepreneurs; Middle East; North Africa; Women

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993030499     PISSN: 17566266     EISSN: 17566274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17566260910942354     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. The following sources of information have been compiled as a useful reference on trends in women's entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa. US Census Bureau (2002), “Economic census of women-owned firms”, available at: www.census.gov/csd/sbo/women2002.htm.
2. Ben Hamida, E. (2000), Empowering Women Through Micro-credit: A Case Study from Tunisia, MDF3 Civil Society Workshop, World Bank, Washington, DC, available at: www.worldbank.org/mdf/mdf3/papers/civil/Hamida.pdf.
3. Chamlou, N. and Yared, R.K. (2003), Women Entrepreneurs in the Middle East and North Africa: Building on Solid Beginnings, World Bank, Washington, DC.
4. CIBC (2005), Women Entrepreneurs: Leading the Charge, CIBC, Toronto, available at: www.cibc.com/ca/small-business/article-tools/women-entrepreneurs.html.
5. Coughlin, J.H. and Thomas, A. (2002), The Rise of Women Entrepreneurs: People, Processes and Global Trends, Quorum/Greenwood, Westport, CT, available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=BtspjXE7gRQC&dq=Arab+women+business+owners&psp=9.
6. Davis, J.A., Pitts, E.L. and Cormier, K. (2000), “Challenges facing family companies in the Gulf Region”, Family Business Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, available at: www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/fabr/2000/00000013/00000003/art00005.
7. El-Azhary Sonbol, A. (1999), Access to Microfinance and Improved Implementation of Policy Reform: Women in Business Constraints, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC (review of AMIR program in Jordan), available at: http://pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/Pnacy404.pdf.
8. Esim, S. and Kuttab, E. (2001), “Women's informal employment in Palestine: securing a livelihood against all odds”, Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series, No. 0213, available at: www.erf.org.eg/uploadpath/pdf/0213Esim&Kuttab.pdf.
9. Handoussa, H. (2005), Arab Women and Economic Development, American University in Cairo Press, Cairo.
10. IFC-GEM (2005a), Egypt Gender and Entrepreneurship Market (GEM) Study, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC.
11. IFC-GEM (2005b), Morocco Gender and Entrepreneurship Market (GEM) Study, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC.
12. IFC-GEM (2005c), GEM Country Brief – Morocco, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: English: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Morocco_Country_Brief_Oct05.pdf/$FILE/Morocco_Country_Brief_Oct05.pdf; French: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/MoroccoCountryBrief_French_October2005.pdf/$FILE/MoroccoCountryBrief_French_October2005.pdf.
13. IFC-GEM (2005d), GEM Country Brief – Oman, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Oman+Country+Brief/$FILE/OMAN+Country+Brief+v.+29+March+2006.pdf.
14. IFC-GEM (2005e), Yemen Gender and Entrepreneurship Market (GEM) Analysis Report, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC.
15. IFC-GEM (2005f), GEM Regional Brief – Middle East and North Africa, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/MENA_GEM_Brief_Oct05.pdf/$FILE/Regional+MENA+GEM +Brief+v.+19July+2006.pdf.
16. IFC-GEM (2006a), GEM Country Brief – Egypt, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Epypt_Country_Brief_July+2006v2/$FILE/Egypt+Country+Brief.pdf.
17. IFC-GEM (2006b), GEM Country Brief – Jordan, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Jordan_GEM_Country_Briefv2/$FILE/JORDAN+Country+Brief+v. + July+18++2+2006.pdf.
18. IFC-GEM (2006c), GEM Country Brief – Yemen, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/gempepmena.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Yemen_GEM_Country_Brief_July+06/$FILE/YEMEN+GEM+Country+Brief+v.+ July+18+2006.pdf.
19. IFC-GEM, PEP-MENA (2006), Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Regional Directory of Businesswomen's Associations, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, available at: www.ifc.org/ ifcext/ gempepmena.nsf/ AttachmentsByTitle/ MENA+Regional+Directory+of+Businesswomen%27s+Association+June++2006/ $FILE/ ∼8678358.pdf.
20. IFC, Private Sector Development (2004), “Capacity building for women in business, the example of Iraq”, PSD Gender Notes, Vol. 1 No. 1, available at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/economics.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/GI-PSDGenderNotes11.pdf/$FILE/GI-PSDGenderNotes11.pdf.
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26. Mehra, R. and Feldstein, H.S. (1998), Women in Development in Jordan: A Review of Current Activities and Future Opportunities, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, available at: www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/pubs/jordan_0198.pdf.
27. Metcalfe, B.D. (2005), “Exploring cultural dimensions of gender and management in the Middle East”, Thunderbird International Business Review, available at: www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112211095/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0.
28. Minniti, M., Langowitz, N. and Allen, I.E. (2006), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2005 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship, The Center for Women's Leadership at Babson College, Wellesley, MA, Translated into Arabic available at: www.gemconsortium.org/document.asp?id=528.
29. Motzafi-Haller, P. (Ed.) (2005), Women in Agriculture in the Middle East, Ashgate, London, LTND, available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=krBCvUpLO_cC&dq=Arab+women+business+owners&psp=9.
30. OECD (2000), “Women entrepreneurs in SME: realising the benefits of globalisation and the knowledge-based economy”, paper presented at 2000 Conference and Report, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, available at: www.oecd.org/document/49/0,2340,en_2649_33956792_1886449_1_1_1_1,00.html.
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32. Slyomovics, S. (2000), Women and Power in the Middle East, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=5XGeEhoobIwC&dq=Arab+women+business+owners&psp=9.
33. United Nations (1999), World Survey on the Role of Women in Development 1999: Globalization, Women and Work, UN Publications, New York, NY, available at: https://unp.un.org/details.aspx?entry=E99WSR.
34. United Nations (2000), The World's Women 2000, United Nations, Geneva, available at: www.un.org/Pubs/textbook/e00137.htm.
35. United Nations (2005), The World's Women 2005: Progress in Statistics, UN Publications, Geneva, available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/wwpub.htm.
36. United Nations Development Fund for Women (2005), Progress of the World's Women 2005: Women, Work and Poverty, UNIFEM, Geneva, available at: www.un-ngls.org/women-2005.pdf.
37. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-AS, SURF (2003), Women and Chambers of Commerce: Case Studies from the Gulf, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-AS, SURF, Bangkok, April.
38. World Bank (2005a), Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Women and the Public Sphere, World Bank, Washington, DC, available at: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/Attachments/GenderReport-overview/$File/GENDER-REPORToverview.pdf.
39. World Bank (2005b), MNA Women Entrepreneurship Institutional Study. Draft Report, 2005, World Bank, Washington, DC.
40. World Bank (2005c), Republic of Yemen: Women in Local Economic Development – Aden, World Bank, Washington, DC, available at: www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/12/21/000160016_20051221162248/Rendered/PDF/322590YEM.pdf.
41. Yusuf, A. (2005), “Workforce diversity in small enterprises: implications on firm performance”, International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, Vol. 2 No. 2, available at: http://inderscience.metapress.com/(4eeaf145vmwjaxqaenubwpuv)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,6,6;journal,8,13;linkingpublicationresults, 1:110877,1.