Identity theft: the US legal environment and organisations’ related responsibilities

Journal of Financial Crime

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 33-43

  Gerard, Gregory J ^a   Hillison, William ^a   Pacini, Carl ^b  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA GULF COAST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Fraud; Liability; Organizations; United States of America

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993009156     PISSN: 13590790     EISSN: 17587239     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13590790510625043     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Identity theft can be distinguished from identity fraud. The latter is a broader term that refers to the criminal use of false identities or fraudulent identification documents. Identity theft is limited to the use of the means of identification of another person. A prime example of identity fraud is the 9/11 terrorists who procured drivers’ licences in their own names using false addresses supported by fraudulently obtained identification documents. US Senate (2002) ‘The Financial War on Terrorism and the Administration's Implementation of the Anti-Money Laundering Provisions of the USA Patriot Act: Hearing Before the Senate Comm. On Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs’, statement of Michael Chertoff, Assistant Attorney General; Willox, N. and Regan, T. (2002) ‘Identity Fraud: Providing a Solution’, Lexis-Nexis, March, pp. 1-17.
2. Surmacz, J. (2003) ‘Losses from Identity Theft to Total $221 Billion Worldwide’, 23rd May, http://www.csoonline.com/metrics/viewmetric.cfm?id=551
3. Federal Trade Commission (2003) ‘FTC Overview of the Identity Theft Program’, September, http://www.ftc.gov/ os/2003/09/timelinereport.pdf
4. DeMarrais, K. (2003) ‘Identity Theft on the Rise, FTC Warns’, KnightRidderBusinessNews, 4th September, pp. 1-4.
5. Schaefer, S. (2003) ‘Identity Theft Costs Businesses $48 Billion a Year’, Wall Street Journal, 4th September, p. D2.
6. See ref. 4 above.
7. Cringely, R. (2003) ‘They've Got Your Number’, Inc., August, pp. 61-62.
8. Fikes, B. (2003) ‘Identity Theft Hits Millions of Americans’, Knight Ridder Business News, 4th September, pp. 5-6.
9. Couch, C. (2002) ‘Forcing the Choice Between Commerce and Consumers: Application of the FCRA to Identity Theft’, Alabama Law Review, Vol. 53, pp. 583-597.
10. Collins, J. (2003) ‘Business Identity Theft’, Journal of Forensic Accounting, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 303-306.
11. Lormel, D. (2001) ‘Prepared Remarks Before the House Committee on Financial Services, hearing on “Dismantling the Financial Infrastructure of Global Terrorism” ’, 3rd October, p. 6.
12. See ref. 4 above.
13. US v Massey No. 99-60116-01-AA (D. Or. 6th October, 2000).
14. Hoar, S. (2001) ‘Identity Theft: The Crime of the New Millenium’, Oregon Law Review, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 1423-1447.
15. Pub. L. No. 105-318, 112 Stat. 3010 (2003) (codified at 18 USC§1028).
16. Pub. L. No. 105-318, 112 Stat. 3010 (2003) (codified at 18 USC §1028(d)(4)).
17. Pub. L. No. 105-318, 112 Stat. 3010 (2003) (codified at 18 USC §1028(d)(4)(A)-(D)).
18. Pub. L. No. 105-318, 112 Stat. 3010 (2003) (codified at 18 USC §1028(b)(1)(D)).
19. The website can be found at http://www.consumer.gov/ idtheft and the FTC Identity Theft Hotline is 877-IDTHEFT. The FTC Identity Theft Clearinghouse is located at 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20580.
20. 75 Fed. Appx. 392 (6th Cir. 2003).
21. 346 F.3d 22 (2d Cir. 2003).
22. 2004 US Dist. LEXIS 1331 (EDNY 2004).
23. Pub. L. No. 106-102, 113 Stat. 1436 (2003) (codified at 15 USC §§6801-6827).
24. 16 CFR §314.3(a).
25. 16 CFR §314.4.
26. Benoit, M. and Lovoy, E. (2003) ‘Update on Consumer Financial Privacy Legislation and Regulation’, Business Lawyer, Vol. 58, pp. 1163-1179.
27. Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (2003) (codified at 42 USC §§1320 onward).
28. Levine, R. (2003) ‘HIPAA: Data Trade Prosecutions on the Horizon?’, Business Crimes, 12th October, pp. 1-6.
29. Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (2003) (codified at 42 USC §1320d-6).
30. Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (2003) (codified at 42 USC §1320d-6(b)).
31. Pub. L. No. 98-473, 98 Stat. 2190 (2003) (codifiedat 18 USC §1030).
32. Mills, T. and Cain, T. (2004) ‘Potential Corporate Liability for Employee Computer Crime’, Texas Lawyer, 5th January, pp. 19-20.
33. Pub. L. No. 90-321, 84 Stat. 1128 (2003) (codifiedat 15 USC §§1681-1681t).
34. See ref. 9 above.
35. Pub. L. No. 108-159, 117 Stat. 1953 (2003) (codified at 15 USC §1681 et seq.).
36. Sullivan, B. (2003) ‘Help on the Way for ID Theft Victims’, MSNBC News, 26th November, http://msnbc.com/news/ 998144.asp
37. California Civil Code §1798.82 onward (2003).
38. Treglia, S. (2003) ‘One State's New ID Theft Act Has Worldwide Implications’, New York Law Journal, 15th July, pp. 5-8.
39. Solomon, T., Gordon, P. and New, L. (2003) ‘Incidence of Workplace Identity Theft Signals Need for Proactive Measures’, New York Law Journal, 15th December, pp. 9-10.
40. Deligiannis, A. (2003) ‘Uncle Sam Struggles to Stamp Out Identity Theft’, Corporate Legal Times, October, pp. 20-22.
41. See ref. 47 above.
42. 663 NW 2d 550 (Minn. 2003).
43. Armour, S. (2003) ‘Employment Records Prove Ripe Source for Identity Theft’, USA Today, 23rd January, p. B1.
44. 263 F. Supp. 2d 1209 (D. Minn. 2003).
45. See ref. 47 above.
46. Geiser, W. and Johnson, B. (2002) ‘A Brave New World’, The Information Management Journal, November/December, pp. 47-52.
47. Pub. L. No. 104-294, 110 Stat. 3488 (2003) (codified at 18 USC §§1831 et seq.).
48. See ref. 55 above.
49. Hillison, W., Pacini, C. and Sinason, D. (1999) ‘The Internal Auditor as Fraud-Buster’, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 351-362.
50. See ref. 47 above.
51. Garfinkel, S. L. and Shelat, A. (2003) ‘Remembrance ofData Passed: A Study ofDisk Sanitization Practices’, IEEE Security & Privacy, January/February.
52. Chuvakin, A. (2001) ‘Your Money or Your Life! Which Would You Rather Lost to Hackers: Private Customer Data or Your Website?’, 25th June, http://www.security-watch.com/RES/June25.html.
53. Groves, S. (2003) ‘The Unlikely Heroes of Cyber Security’, The Information Management Journal, May/June, pp. 34-40.
54. Levick, D. (2004) ‘Insurers Offer Firms Identity Theft Coverage’, Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, 15th January, p. 1.