The Myth of Gender Differences in Health: Social Structural Determinants across Adult Ages in Britain and Finland

Current Sociology

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 31-54

  Lahelma, Eero ^a   Arber, Sara ^a   Martikainen, Pekka ^a   Rahkonen, Ossi ^a   Silventoinen, Karri ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84992905938     PISSN: 00113921     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011392101049003004     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. AHOLA, A., DJERF, K., HEISKANEN, M. and VIKKI, K. (1995) Elinolotutkimus 1994. Aineiston keruu [Survey on Living Conditions 1994. Collecting the Data], Living Conditions series 1995:2. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
2. ANNANDALE, E. and HUNT, K. (1990) ‘Masculinity, Femininity and Sex: An Exploration of their Relative Contribution to Explaining Gender Differences in Health’, Sociology of Health and Illness 12: 24-46.
3. ANNANDALE, E. and HUNT, K. (2000) ‘Gender Inequalities in Health: Research at the Crossroads’, in E. Annandale and K. Hunt (eds) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 1-35. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
4. ARBER, S. (1991) ‘Class, Paid Employment, and Family Roles: Making Sense of Structural Disadvantage, Gender and Health Status’, Social Science and Medicine 32: 425-436.
5. ARBER, S. (1993) ‘Chronic Illness over the Lifecourse: Class Inequalities among Men and Women in Britain’, in T. Abel, S. Geyer, U. Gerhardt and W. van den Heuvel (eds) Medical Sociology Research in Chronic Illness. Bonn: Informationzentrum Sozialwissenschaften.
6. ARBER, S. (1996) ‘Integrating Non-Employment into Research on Health Inequalities’, International Journal of Health Services 26: 383-390.
7. ARBER, S. (1997) ‘Comparing Inequalities in Women's and Men's Health: Britain in the 1990s’, in E. Lahelma and O. Rahkonen (eds) Special Issue on ‘Health Inequalities in Modern Societies and Beyond’, Social Science and Medicine 44: 773-787.
8. ARBER, S. and COOPER, H. (1999) ‘Gender Differences in Later Life: The New Paradox’, Special issue on ‘Gender and Health’, Social Science and Medicine 48: 61-76.
9. ARBER, S. and COOPER, H. (2000) ‘Gender Differences in Health across the Life Course’, in E. Annandale and K. Hunt (eds) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 123-149. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
10. ARBER, S. and LAHELMA, E. (1993) ‘Inequalities in Women's and Men's Illhealth: Britain and Finland Compared’, Social Science and Medicine 37: 1055-1068.
11. ARBER, S., GILBERT, G. N. and DALE, A. (1985) ‘Paid Employment and Women's Health: A Benefit or a Source of Role Strain?’, Sociology of Health and Illness 7: 375-400.
12. BARTLEY, M. and OWEN, C. (1996) ‘Relation between Socioeconomic Status, Employment and Health during Economic Change, 1973-93’, British Medical Journal 313: 445-449.
13. BARTLEY, M., POPAY, J. and PLEWIS, I. (1992) ‘Domestic Conditions, Paid Employment and Women's Experience of Illhealth’, Sociology of Health and Illness 14: 313-343.
14. BENNETT, N., JARUIS, L., ROWLANDS, O., SINGLETON, N. and HASELDEN, L. (1996) Living in Britain: Results of the 1994 General Household Survey, OPCS. London: HMSO.
15. BLAXTER, M. (1989) ‘A Comparison of Measures of Inequality in Morbidity’, in A.J. Fox (ed.) Health Inequalities in European Countries, pp. 199-230. Aldershot: Gower.
16. BLAXTER, M. (1990) Health and Lifestyles. London: Tavistock/Routledge.
17. CARPENTER, M. (2000) ‘Reinforcing the Pillars: Rethinking Gender, Social Divisions and Health’, in E. Annandale and K. Hunt (eds) Gender Inequalities in Health, pp. 36-63. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
18. CAVELAARS, C., KUNST, A., GEURTS, J., CRIALESI, R., GRÖTVEDT, L. et al. (1998) ‘Inequalities in Self-Reported Morbidity by Educational Level: A Comparison of 11 Western European Countries’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 52: 219-227.
19. CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (1996) Social Trends 1996 Edition. London: HMSO.
20. COOPERSTOCK, R. (1971) ‘Sex Differences in the Use of Mood-Modifying Drugs: An Explanatory Model’, Journal of Health and Social Behavior 12: 238-244.
21. DE BRUIN, A., PICHAVET, H. S. J. and NOSSIKOV, A. (1996) Health Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonisation of Methods and Instruments. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Publications.
22. EMSLIE, C., HUNT, K. and MACINTYRE, S. (1999) ‘Problematizing Gender, Work and Health: The Relationship between Gender, Occupational Grade, Working Conditions and Minor Morbidity in Full-Time Bank Employees’, Special issue on ‘Gender and Health’, Social Science and Medicine 48: 33-48.
23. ESPING-ANDERSEN, G. (1990) Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Oxford: Polity Press.
24. ESPING-ANDERSEN, G. (ed.) (1993) Changing Classes: Stratification and Mobility in Post-Industrial Societies. London: Sage.
25. ESPING-ANDERSEN, G. (1996) ‘Welfare States without Work: The Impasse of Labour Shedding and Familialism in Continental European Social Policy’, in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptation in Global Economics, pp. 66-87. London: Sage.
26. ESPING-ANDERSEN, G. and KOLBERG, J. E. (1992) ‘Welfare States and Employment Regimes’, in J. E. Kolberg (ed.) Between Work and Social Citizenship, pp. 3-36. Armonk, NY: Sharpe.
27. FIENBERG, S. E. (1980) The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
28. FORD, G., RUSSELL, E., HUNT, K., MACINTYRE, S. and WEST, P. (1994) ‘Patterns of Class Inequality in Health through the Lifespan: Class Gradients at 15, 35 and 55 in the West of Scotland’, Social Science and Medicine 39: 1037-1050.
29. FRANCIS, B., GREEN, M. and PAYNE, C. (eds) (1994) The Glim System: Release 4 Manual. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
30. FRITZELL, J. (1999) ‘Changes in the Social Patterning of Living Conditions’, in M. Kautto, M. Heikkilä, B. Hvinden, S. Marklund and N. Ploug (eds) Scandinavian Social Policy, pp. 159-184. London: Routledge.
31. GOVE, W. R. (1984) ‘Gender Differences in Mental and Physical Illness: The Effects of Fixed Roles and Nurturant Roles’, Social Science and Medicine 19: 77-84.
32. GOVE, W. R. and ZEISS, C. (1987) ‘Multiple Roles and Happiness’, in F. J. Crosby (ed.) Spouse, Parent, Worker: On Gender and Multiple Roles, pp. 125-137. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
33. GOVE, W. R., HUGHES, M. and BRIGGS STYLE, C. (1983) ‘Does Marriage Have Positive Effects on the Psychological Well-Being of the Individual?’, Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24: 122-131.
34. HEALY, M. J. R. (1988) GLIM: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
35. HEISKANEN, M. and LAAKSONEN, S. (1996) ‘Nonresponse and Ill-Being in the Survey of Living Conditions’, in S. Laaksonen (ed.) International Perspectives on Nonresponse. Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Household Survey Nonresponse 25-27 October 1995, Research Reports 219, pp. 81-100. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
36. HUNT, K. and ANNANDALE, E. (1993) ‘Just the Job? Is the Relationship between Health and Domestic and Paid Work Gender Specific?’, Sociology of Health and Illness 15: 632-664.
37. HUNT, K. and ANNANDALE, E. (1999). ‘Relocating Gender and Morbidity: Examining Men's and Women's Health in Contemporary Western Societies’, Social Science and Medicine 48: 1-5.
38. HUNT, K. and EMSLIE, C. (1998) ‘Men's Work, Women's Work? Occupational Sex Ratios and Health’, in K. Orth-Gomér, M. Chesney and N. Wenger (eds) Women Stress and Heart Disease, pp. 87-107. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39. IDLER, E. and BENYAMINI, Y. (1997) ‘Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Studies’, Journal of Heath and Social Behavior 38: 21-37.
40. KJELDSTAD, R. (2001) ‘Gender Policies and Gender Inequality’, in M. Kautto, J. Fritzell, B. Hvinden, J. Kvist and H. Uusitalo (eds) Nordic Welfare States in the European Context, pp. 66-97. London: Routledge.
41. KOHN, R. and WHITE, K. L. (1976) Health Care: An International Study. London: Oxford University Press.
42. LAHELMA, E. and ARBER, S. (1994) ‘Health Inequalities among Men and Women in Contrasting Welfare States: Britain and Three Nordic Countries Compared’, European Journal of Public Health 4: 227-240.
43. LAHELMA, E., MANDERBACKA, K., RAHKONEN, O. and SIHVONEN, A.-P. (1993) Ill-Health and its Social Patterning in Finland, Norway and Sweden, Research Reports 27. Helsinki: National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (Stakes).
44. LAHELMA, E., MARTIKAINEN, P., RAHKONEN, O. and SILVENTOINEN, K. (1999) ‘Gender Differences in Illhealth in Finland: Patterns, Magnitude and Change’, Special issue on ‘Gender and Health’, Social Science and Medicine 48: 7-19.
45. LAHELMA, E., ARBER, S., RAHKONEN, O. and SILVENTOINEN, K. (2000) ‘Widening or Narrowing Inequalities in Health? Comparing Britain and Finland from the 1980s to 1990s’, Sociology of Health Illness 22: 110-136.
46. LORBER, J. (1997a) Gender and the Social Construction of Illness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
47. LORBER, J. (1997b) ‘Gender and the Social Construction of Illness: A Review’, in E. Riska (ed.) Images of Women's Health: The Social Construction of Gendered Health, pp. 16-30, Publications of the Institute of Women's Studies No. 10. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University.
48. LUNDBERG, O. (1990) Klass och ohälsa. Om klassoch kÖnsskillnader i sjuklighet [Inequality in Ill-Health. On Class and Sex Differences in Illness], Swedish Institute for Social Research 11. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
49. MACINTYRE, S. (1993) ‘Gender Differences in Longevity and Health in Eastern and Western Europe’, in S. Platt, H. Thomas, S. Scott and G. Williams (eds) Locating Health: Sociological and Historical Explanations, pp. 57-74. Aldershot: Avebury.
50. MACINTYRE, S. and HUNT, K. (1997) ‘Socioeconomic Position, Gender and Health: How Do They Interact?’, Journal of Health Psychology 2: 315-334.
51. MACINTYRE, S., HUNT, K. and SWEETING, H. (1996) ‘Gender Differences in Health: Are Things Really as Simple as They Seem?’, Social Science and Medicine 42: 617-624.
52. MACINTYRE, S., FORD, G. and HUNT, K. (1999) ‘Do Women “Over-Report”? Men's and Women's Responses to Structured Prompting on a Standard Question on Long Standing Illness’, Special issue on ‘Gender and Health’, Social Science and Medicine 48: 89-98.
53. MANDERBACKA, K. (1998) ‘Examining What Self-Rated Health Question is Understood to Mean by Respondents’, Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 26: 145-153.
54. MANDERBACKA, K. (1999) ‘How Do Respondents Understand Survey Questions on Ill-Health?’, European Journal of Public Health 8: 319-324.
55. MARTIKAINEN, P. (1995) ‘Women's Employment, Marriage, Motherhood and Mortality: A Test of the Multiple Role and Role Accumulation Hypotheses’, Social Science and Medicine 40: 199-212.
56. MARTIKAINEN, P., AROMAA, A., LAHELMA, E., HELIÖVAARA, M., KLAUKKA, T. et al. (2001) ‘Perceived Health and Mortality among Over 30-year-old Finnish Men’, unpublished manuscript.
57. MATTHEWS, S., HERTZMAN, C., OSTRY, A. and POWER, C. (1998) ‘Gender, Work Roles and Psychosocial Characteristics as Determinants of Health’, Social Science and Medicine 46: 1417-1424.
58. NATHANSON, C. A. (1975) ‘Illness and the Feminine Role: A Theoretical Review’, Social Science and Medicine 9: 57-62.
59. OPCS (OFFICE for POPULATION CENSUSES and SURVEYS) (1996) General Household Survey, 1994/95. User Guide. Colchester: University of Essex.
60. PARSONS, T. (1951) The Social System. Glencoe IL: Free Press.
61. PLOUG, N. (1999) ‘Cuts in and Reform of the Nordic Cash Benefit Systems’, in M. Kautto, M. Heikkilä, B. Hvinden, S. Marklund and N. Ploug (eds) Scandinavian Social Policy, pp. 79-103. London: Routledge.
62. RAHKONEN, O., ARBER, S. and LAHELMA, E. (1995) ‘Health Inequalities in Early Adulthood: A Comparison of Young Men and Women in Britain and Finland’, Social Science and Medicine 41: 163-171.
63. RISKA, E. (1991) ‘Om kvinnors sjuklighet' [On Women's Ill-Health], Sosiaalilääketieteellinen Aikakauslehti 28: 5-13.
64. SCIENCE (1995) Special issue on ‘Women's Health Research’, 269(11 August).
65. SEGOVIA, J., BARTLETT, R. F. and EDWARDS, A. C. (1989) ‘An Empirical Analysis of the Dimensions of Health Status Measures’, Social Science and Medicine 29: 761-768.
66. SIEVERDING, M. (1998) ‘Sind Frauen weniger gesund als Männer?’, KÖlner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 50: 471-489.
67. SORENSEN, G. and VERBRUGGE, L. M. (1987) ‘Women, Work, and Health’, Annual Review of Public Health 8: 235-251.
68. STATISTICS FINLAND (1994) Labour Force Statistics, Labour Market 13. Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland.
69. THOITS, P. (1987) ‘Negotiating Roles’, in F. J. Crosby (ed.) Spouse, Parent, Worker: On Gender and Multiple Roles, pp. 11-12. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
70. UMBERSON, D., CHEN, M. D., HOUSE, J. S., HOPKINS, K. and SLATEN, E. (1996) ‘The Effect of Social Relationships on Psychological Well-Being: Are Men and Women Really So Different?’, American Sociological Review 61: 837-857.
71. VERBRUGGE, L. M. (1989) ‘The Twain Meet: Empirical Explanations of Sex Differences in Health and Mortality’, Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30: 282-304.
72. WYKE, S., HUNT, K. and FORD, G. (1998) ‘Gender Differences in Consulting a General Practitioner for Common Symptoms of Minor Illness’, Social Science and Medicine 46: 901-906.