메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 336-354

The “Worst of both worlds”: School security and the disappearing fourth amendment rights of students

(1)  Beger, Randall R a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84992903407     PISSN: 07340168     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/073401680302800208     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 65449132998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the constitutionality of suspicionless searches in public schools
    • Addington, L. A. (1999). Assessing the constitutionality of suspicionless searches in public schools. Criminal Law Bulletin, 35, 203–233.
    • (1999) Criminal Law Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 203-233
    • Addington, L.A.1
  • 3
    • 84992794164 scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • A.J.M. v. State, 617 So.2d 1137 (Fla. App. I Dist. 1993).
    • (1993) Fla. App. I Dist , vol.617 , pp. 1137
  • 4
    • 84937268453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curriculum, culture, and community: The challenge of school violence
    • Anderson, D. C. (1998). Curriculum, culture, and community: The challenge of school violence. Crime and Justice, 24, 317–342.
    • (1998) Crime and Justice , vol.24 , pp. 317-342
    • Anderson, D.C.1
  • 5
    • 85018952703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The criminalization of youth
    • Accessed July 12, 2003
    • Ayers, W. (1997/1998). The criminalization of youth. Rethinking schools. Accessed July 12, 2003.
    • (1997) Rethinking schools
    • Ayers, W.1
  • 6
    • 0035263659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal implications of profiling students for violence
    • Bailey, K. A. (2001). Legal implications of profiling students for violence. Psychology in the Schools, 38(2), 141–155.
    • (2001) Psychology in the Schools , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-155
    • Bailey, K.A.1
  • 7
    • 84992835407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student parking sparks clash over Fourth Amendment
    • March 16
    • Bates, K., & Hollingsworth, H. (1999, March 16). Student parking sparks clash over Fourth Amendment. Topeka Capital Journal, p. 12.
    • (1999) Topeka Capital Journal , pp. 12
    • Bates, K.1    Hollingsworth, H.2
  • 8
    • 0011054045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why suspension and expulsion should be your court of last resort
    • Black, S. (1999, January). Why suspension and expulsion should be your court of last resort. American School Board Journal, pp. 34–37.
    • (1999) American School Board Journal , pp. 34-37
    • Black, S.1
  • 9
    • 84892323034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Lindsey Earls et al., 536 U.S. 822(2002).
    • (2002) U.S. , vol.536 , pp. 822
  • 10
    • 34547258347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero tolerance or (in)tolerance policies? Weaponless school violence, due process, and the law of student suspensions and expulsions: An examination of Fuller v. Decatur Public School Board of Education School District
    • Brady, K. P. (2002). Zero tolerance or (in)tolerance policies? Weaponless school violence, due process, and the law of student suspensions and expulsions: An examination of Fuller v. Decatur Public School Board of Education School District. Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal, 21, 159–209.
    • (2002) Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal , vol.21 , pp. 159-209
    • Brady, K.P.1
  • 11
    • 0033523237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in violence-related behaviors among high school students in the United States
    • Brener, N. D., Simon, T. R., Krug, E. G., & Lowry, R. (1999). Recent trends in violence-related behaviors among high school students in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(5), 440–446.
    • (1999) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.282 , Issue.5 , pp. 440-446
    • Brener, N.D.1    Simon, T.R.2    Krug, E.G.3    Lowry, R.4
  • 13
    • 21744444705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note: Special needs and the Fourth Amendment. An exception poised to swallow the warrant preference rule
    • Buffaloe, J. Y. (1997). Note: Special needs and the Fourth Amendment. An exception poised to swallow the warrant preference rule. Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law Review, 32, 529–562.
    • (1997) Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law Review , vol.32 , pp. 529-562
    • Buffaloe, J.Y.1
  • 14
    • 0039784491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2000). Local police departments 1997. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
    • (2000) Local police departments 1997
  • 15
    • 84873913953 scopus 로고
    • Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967).
    • (1967) U.S. , vol.387 , pp. 523
  • 17
    • 84893584765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chandler v. Miller, 520 U.S. 305 (1997).
    • (1997) U.S. , vol.520 , pp. 305
  • 18
    • 84992794269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suit filed over drug searches: School officials use dogs to sniff students' belongings
    • March 20
    • Chiang, H. (1997, March 20). Suit filed over drug searches: School officials use dogs to sniff students' belongings. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A16.
    • (1997) San Francisco Chronicle , pp. A16
    • Chiang, H.1
  • 19
    • 84992794258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.2d
    • Commonwealth v. Cass, 709 A.2d 350 (Pa. S.Ct. 1998).
    • (1998) Pa. S.Ct. , vol.709 , pp. 350
  • 20
    • 84992835429 scopus 로고
    • A.2d
    • Commonwealth v. Dingfelt, 323 A.2d 145 (Pa. Super. 1974).
    • (1974) Pa. Super. , vol.323 , pp. 145
  • 21
    • 84992911776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.2d
    • Commonwealth v. J.B., 719 A.2d 1058 (Pa. Super. 1998).
    • (1998) Pa. Super. , vol.719 , pp. 1058
  • 22
    • 33845716390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Find out what it means to me respect: The scholarship of teaching and learning
    • Cook-Sather, A. (2002). Find out what it means to me respect: The scholarship of teaching and learning. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 6, 168–173.
    • (2002) Academic Exchange Quarterly , vol.6 , pp. 168-173
    • Cook-Sather, A.1
  • 23
    • 85005416922 scopus 로고
    • Can metal detectors replace the panopticon?
    • Devine, J. (1995). Can metal detectors replace the panopticon? Cultural Anthropology, 10, 171–195.
    • (1995) Cultural Anthropology , vol.10 , pp. 171-195
    • Devine, J.1
  • 25
    • 84992866752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of randomized jurisprudence: Amending the special needs doctrine
    • Dodson, R. D. (2000). Ten years of randomized jurisprudence: Amending the special needs doctrine. South Carolina Law Review, 51, 258–289.
    • (2000) South Carolina Law Review , vol.51 , pp. 258-289
    • Dodson, R.D.1
  • 26
    • 2342590334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Look out, kid, it's something you did: Zero tolerance for children
    • W. Ayers, B. Dohm, & R. Ayers Eds. New York: New Press
    • Dohm, B. (2001). Look out, kid, it's something you did: Zero tolerance for children. In W. Ayers, B. Dohm, & R. Ayers (Eds.), Zero tolerance: Resisting the drive for punishment in our schools (pp. 89–113). New York: New Press.
    • (2001) Zero tolerance: Resisting the drive for punishment in our schools , pp. 89-113
    • Dohm, B.1
  • 27
    • 84992852484 scopus 로고
    • P.2d
    • D.R.C. v. State, 646 P.2d 252 (Alaska Ct. App. 1982).
    • (1982) Alaska Ct. App , vol.646 , pp. 252
  • 28
    • 84992891545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police liaison for schools
    • Dunn, M. J. (1999). Police liaison for schools. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 68(9), 7–8.
    • (1999) FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 7-8
    • Dunn, M.J.1
  • 29
    • 84992891544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The classroom is becoming a police state
    • Easterbrook, M. (1999). The classroom is becoming a police state. Psychology Today, 32(4), 52–56.
    • (1999) Psychology Today , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 52-56
    • Easterbrook, M.1
  • 30
    • 0035324739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student violence and the moral dimensions of education
    • Edwards, C. H. (2001). Student violence and the moral dimensions of education. Psychology in the Schools, 38(3), 249–257.
    • (2001) Psychology in the Schools , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-257
    • Edwards, C.H.1
  • 31
    • 84992874365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lockdown drills prepare students for guns, other emergencies
    • April 11 Accessed July 18, 2003
    • Fitzgerald, M. (2000, April 11). Lockdown drills prepare students for guns, other emergencies. Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. Accessed July 18, 2003.
    • (2000) Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service
    • Fitzgerald, M.1
  • 34
    • 84992856044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting students frustration
    • March 29
    • Gendar, A. (1999, March 29). Detecting students frustration. New York Daily News, p. 1.
    • (1999) New York Daily News , pp. 1
    • Gendar, A.1
  • 35
    • 84992856034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A good resource for schools?
    • Gips, M. A. (2002). A good resource for schools? Security Management, 46(4), 18–19.
    • (2002) Security Management , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 18-19
    • Gips, M.A.1
  • 36
    • 84909294254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero tolerance: Examples that demonstrate overzealousness to prevent violence
    • Giroux, H. A. (2001). Zero tolerance: Examples that demonstrate overzealousness to prevent violence. Tikkun, 16, 29–37.
    • (2001) Tikkun , vol.16 , pp. 29-37
    • Giroux, H.A.1
  • 37
    • 0041404661 scopus 로고
    • Violence in schools
    • Glazer, S. (1992). Violence in schools. CQ Researcher, 34, 785–808.
    • (1992) CQ Researcher , vol.34 , pp. 785-808
    • Glazer, S.1
  • 38
    • 84984313423 scopus 로고
    • An empirical test of school-based environmental and individual interventions to reduce the risk of delinquent behavior
    • Gottfredson, D. C. (1986). An empirical test of school-based environmental and individual interventions to reduce the risk of delinquent behavior. Criminology, 24, 705–731.
    • (1986) Criminology , vol.24 , pp. 705-731
    • Gottfredson, D.C.1
  • 40
    • 79952310763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The school shootings: Why context counts
    • Hancock, L. (2001). The school shootings: Why context counts. Columbia Journalism Review, 40, 76–80.
    • (2001) Columbia Journalism Review , vol.40 , pp. 76-80
    • Hancock, L.1
  • 41
    • 84992801481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note: Psst! Janie's got a gun. Anonymous tips and the Fourth Amendment search and seizure rights in schools
    • Hanson, L. T. (2002). Note: Psst! Janie's got a gun. Anonymous tips and the Fourth Amendment search and seizure rights in schools. Georgia Law Review, 37, 267–297.
    • (2002) Georgia Law Review , vol.37 , pp. 267-297
    • Hanson, L.T.1
  • 42
    • 84992866151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle schools ban pagers-laser pointers
    • May 19
    • Hollingsworth, H. (1999, May 19). Middle schools ban pagers-laser pointers. Topeka Capital Journal, p. 11.
    • (1999) Topeka Capital Journal , pp. 11
    • Hollingsworth, H.1
  • 44
    • 0001935643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The other side of school violence: Educator policies and practices that may contribute to student misbehavior
    • Hyman, I. A., & Perone, D. C. (1998). The other side of school violence: Educator policies and practices that may contribute to student misbehavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 7–27.
    • (1998) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 7-27
    • Hyman, I.A.1    Perone, D.C.2
  • 45
    • 84992874239 scopus 로고
    • Metal detectors in public schools: A subtle sacrifice of privacy interests
    • Imbriani, J. E. (1995). Metal detectors in public schools: A subtle sacrifice of privacy interests. Seaton Hall Constitutional Law Journal, 6, 189–219.
    • (1995) Seaton Hall Constitutional Law Journal , vol.6 , pp. 189-219
    • Imbriani, J.E.1
  • 46
    • 84992866169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S.E.2d
    • In the Interest of Thomas B.D., 486 S.E.2d 498 (S.C. App. 1997).
    • (1997) S.C. App. , vol.486 , pp. 498
  • 47
    • 84992911476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LEXIS N.Y. Ct. App
    • In the Matter of Ana E., N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 53 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2002).
    • (2002) N.Y. Misc. , pp. 53
  • 48
    • 84992773840 scopus 로고
    • N.E.2d
    • In the Matter of Gregory M., 627 N.E.2d 500 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1993).
    • (1993) N.Y. Ct. App. , vol.627 , pp. 500
  • 49
    • 84992804844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P.2d
    • In the Matter of Josue T., 989 P.2d 431 (N.M. Ct. App. 1999).
    • (1999) N.M. Ct. App. , vol.989 , pp. 431
  • 50
    • 84992764883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S.E.2d
    • In Re D.D., 554 S.E.2d 346 (N.C. App. 2001).
    • (2001) N.C. App. , vol.554 , pp. 346
  • 51
    • 84992838286 scopus 로고
    • Cal. App. 2d
    • In Re Donaldson, 75 Cal. Rptr. 220 (Cal. App. 2d 1969).
    • (1969) Cal. Rptr. , vol.75 , pp. 220
  • 52
    • 84992838281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.2d
    • In Re F.B., 726 A.2d 361 (Pa. Super. 1999).
    • (1999) Pa. Super. , vol.726 , pp. 361
  • 53
    • 84992815324 scopus 로고
    • Cal. Rptr. 1
    • In Re Thomas G., 90 Cal. Rptr. 361 (Cal. App. 1 1970).
    • (1970) Cal. App. , vol.90 , pp. 361
  • 54
    • 2342485273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment: Suspending and expelling children from educational opportunity: Time to reevaluate zero tolerance policies
    • Insley, A. C. (2001). Comment: Suspending and expelling children from educational opportunity: Time to reevaluate zero tolerance policies. American University Law Review, 50, 1039–1077.
    • (2001) American University Law Review , vol.50 , pp. 1039-1077
    • Insley, A.C.1
  • 55
    • 84992869078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School violence: An incurable social ill that should not lead to the unconstitutional compromise of students' rights
    • Jacobs, T. L. (2000). School violence: An incurable social ill that should not lead to the unconstitutional compromise of students' rights. Duquesne University Law Review, 38, 617–667.
    • (2000) Duquesne University Law Review , vol.38 , pp. 617-667
    • Jacobs, T.L.1
  • 56
    • 84992866173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • J.A.R. v. State, 689 So.2d 1242 (Fla. App. 2 Dist. 1997).
    • (1997) Fla. App. 2 Dist. , vol.689 , pp. 1242
  • 57
    • 0039849003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School violence: The effectiveness of a school resource officer program in a southern city
    • Johnson, I. M. (1999). School violence: The effectiveness of a school resource officer program in a southern city. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27, 173–192.
    • (1999) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.27 , pp. 173-192
    • Johnson, I.M.1
  • 58
    • 84858540723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed July 12, 2003, from http://www.josephsoninstitute.org/Survey2000/violence2000-commentary.htm
    • Josephson Institute of Ethics. (2001). Report card: Violence and substance abuse. Accessed July 12, 2003, from http://www.josephsoninstitute.org/Survey2000/violence2000-commentary.htm.
    • (2001) Report card: Violence and substance abuse
  • 59
    • 84992869068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helping kids feel safe, valued, and competent
    • Kaplan, L. S., & Owings, W. A. (2000). Helping kids feel safe, valued, and competent. Education Digest, 66, 24–29.
    • (2000) Education Digest , vol.66 , pp. 24-29
    • Kaplan, L.S.1    Owings, W.A.2
  • 60
    • 35348914031 scopus 로고
    • Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541 (1966).
    • (1966) U.S. , vol.383 , pp. 541
  • 61
    • 84992776717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • K.K. v. State, 717 So.2d 629 (Fla. App. 5 Dist. 1998).
    • (1998) Fla. App. 5 Dist. , vol.717 , pp. 629
  • 62
    • 84992815313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School based policing: Specialized training will ease liability
    • Lavarello, C. (2000). School based policing: Specialized training will ease liability. ASLET, 15(6), 2–6.
    • (2000) ASLET , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 2-6
    • Lavarello, C.1
  • 64
    • 11244285453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug testing: Can privacy interests be protected under the special needs doctrine?
    • Lewis, A. (1999). Drug testing: Can privacy interests be protected under the special needs doctrine? Brooklyn Law Review, 56, 1013–1044.
    • (1999) Brooklyn Law Review , vol.56 , pp. 1013-1044
    • Lewis, A.1
  • 65
    • 84992874346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in tactics: Police trade talk for rapid response
    • May 31
    • Loyd, J. (2000, May 31). Change in tactics: Police trade talk for rapid response. Christian Science Monitor, p. 2.
    • (2000) Christian Science Monitor , pp. 2
    • Loyd, J.1
  • 67
    • 84992856610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School anti-violence law touted data-sharing designed to head off attacks
    • August 4
    • Martinez, J. C. (2000, August 4). School anti-violence law touted data-sharing designed to head off attacks. Denver Post, p. B12.
    • (2000) Denver Post , pp. B12
    • Martinez, J.C.1
  • 68
    • 0001178310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural analysis of school violence and disruption: Implications for creating safer schools
    • Mayer, M. J., & Leone, P. E. (1999). A structural analysis of school violence and disruption: Implications for creating safer schools. Education and Treatment of Children, 23, 333–356.
    • (1999) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.23 , pp. 333-356
    • Mayer, M.J.1    Leone, P.E.2
  • 69
    • 0346479620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empowering schools to search: The effect of growing drug and violence concerns on American schools
    • McIntyre, J. B. (2000). Empowering schools to search: The effect of growing drug and violence concerns on American schools. University of illinois Law Review, 47, 1025–1052.
    • (2000) University of illinois Law Review , vol.47 , pp. 1025-1052
    • McIntyre, J.B.1
  • 70
    • 84901904701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friendly fire: Privacy vs. security after September 11
    • Mello, M. (2002). Friendly fire: Privacy vs. security after September 11. Criminal Law Bulletin, 38, 367–395.
    • (2002) Criminal Law Bulletin , vol.38 , pp. 367-395
    • Mello, M.1
  • 71
    • 84992874373 scopus 로고
    • S.W.2d
    • Mercer v. State, 450 S.W.2d 715 (Tex. Cir. App. 1970).
    • (1970) Tex. Cir. App. , vol.450 , pp. 715
  • 72
    • 84992916546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F.3d
    • Miller v. Wilkes, 172 F.3d 574 (8th Cir. 1999).
    • (1999) 8th Cir. , vol.172 , pp. 574
  • 73
    • 21344455511 scopus 로고
    • What ever happened to children's rights?
    • Minow, M. (1995). What ever happened to children's rights? Minnesota Law Review, 80, 267–298.
    • (1995) Minnesota Law Review , vol.80 , pp. 267-298
    • Minow, M.1
  • 74
    • 84992915956 scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • M.J. v. State, 399 So.2d 996 (Fla. App. 1 Dist. 1981).
    • (1981) Fla. App. 1 Dist. , vol.399 , pp. 996
  • 75
    • 33750864032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School resource officers more than guards
    • Mulqueen, C. (1999). School resource officers more than guards. American School & University, 71, 17–19.
    • (1999) American School & University , vol.71 , pp. 17-19
    • Mulqueen, C.1
  • 78
    • 77954985422 scopus 로고
    • New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985).
    • (1985) U.S. , vol.469 , pp. 325
  • 79
    • 0011736932 scopus 로고
    • Preventing and producing violence: A critical analysis of responses to school violence
    • Noguera, P. (1995). Preventing and producing violence: A critical analysis of responses to school violence. Harvard Educational Review, 65, 189–212.
    • (1995) Harvard Educational Review , vol.65 , pp. 189-212
    • Noguera, P.1
  • 80
    • 84992891194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In many schools police are becoming part of the curriculum
    • April 5
    • O'Leary, A. (2001, April 5). In many schools police are becoming part of the curriculum. Boston Globe, pp. 3–5.
    • (2001) Boston Globe , pp. 3-5
    • O'Leary, A.1
  • 81
    • 84992909803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lockless lockers leave students sore and disillusioned
    • August 30
    • Olivo, A. (2000, August 30). Lockless lockers leave students sore and disillusioned. Los Angeles Times, p. B1.
    • (2000) Los Angeles Times , pp. B1
    • Olivo, A.1
  • 82
    • 2342564666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through a glass darkly: Educating with zero tolerance
    • Peden, J. M. (2001). Through a glass darkly: Educating with zero tolerance. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 10, 369–398.
    • (2001) Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy , vol.10 , pp. 369-398
    • Peden, J.M.1
  • 83
    • 84992891169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th Cal. App
    • People v. Avalos, 47 Cal. App. 4th 1569 (Cal. App. 1996).
    • (1996) Cal. App. , vol.47 , pp. 1569
  • 84
    • 84992858609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2d I11
    • People v. Dilworth, 661 N.E. 2d 310 (I11. 1996).
    • (1996) N.E. , vol.661 , pp. 310
  • 85
    • 84992891208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2d Ill. App. 1 Dist
    • People v. Pruitt, 662 N.E. 2d 540 (Ill. App. 1 Dist. 1996).
    • (1996) N.E. , vol.662 , pp. 540
  • 86
    • 84992776673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Santee school shootings: Shootings result in privacy tradeoffs
    • June 27
    • Peterson, J. (2001, June 27). Santee school shootings: Shootings result in privacy tradeoffs. Los Angeles Times, p. 5.
    • (2001) Los Angeles Times , pp. 5
    • Peterson, J.1
  • 87
    • 84992764869 scopus 로고
    • S.W.2d
    • R.C.M. v. State, 660 S.W.2d 552 (Tex. App. 1983).
    • (1983) Tex. App. , vol.660 , pp. 552
  • 89
    • 84992764871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latest hot school gear: Photo IDs
    • August 12
    • Richey, W. (1998, August 12). Latest hot school gear: Photo IDs. Christian Science Monitor, p. 1.
    • (1998) Christian Science Monitor , pp. 1
    • Richey, W.1
  • 90
    • 84992776694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Supreme Court, the Fourth Amendment, and the public schools: An ominous mixture
    • Rosenberg, I. M. (2000). The Supreme Court, the Fourth Amendment, and the public schools: An ominous mixture. Criminal Law Bulletin, 36, 360–372.
    • (2000) Criminal Law Bulletin , vol.36 , pp. 360-372
    • Rosenberg, I.M.1
  • 91
    • 84992858611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment: Please don't tell. The question of confidentiality in student disciplinary records under FERPA and the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act
    • Rosenzweig, E. M. (2002). Comment: Please don't tell. The question of confidentiality in student disciplinary records under FERPA and the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act. Emory Law Journal, 51, 447–481.
    • (2002) Emory Law Journal , vol.51 , pp. 447-481
    • Rosenzweig, E.M.1
  • 92
    • 38949143999 scopus 로고
    • Expelling the Fourth Amendment from American schools: Students' rights six years after
    • Sanchez, J. M. (1992). Expelling the Fourth Amendment from American schools: Students' rights six years after T.L.O. Journal of Law & Education, 21, 381–413.
    • (1992) T.L.O. Journal of Law & Education , vol.21 , pp. 381-413
    • Sanchez, J.M.1
  • 93
    • 84992776707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APS bans sagging clothes
    • May 29
    • Santillanes, V. (1997, May 29). APS bans sagging clothes. Albuquerque Journal, p. A1.
    • (1997) Albuquerque Journal , pp. A1
    • Santillanes, V.1
  • 94
    • 84992764916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception isn't reality when it comes to teen violence
    • December 6
    • Schiraldi, V. (1999, December 6). Perception isn't reality when it comes to teen violence. Houston Chronicle, p. A25.
    • (1999) Houston Chronicle , pp. A25
    • Schiraldi, V.1
  • 95
    • 84992764898 scopus 로고
    • The Fourth Amendment in the public schools: Issues for the 1990s and beyond
    • Schreck, M. (1993). The Fourth Amendment in the public schools: Issues for the 1990s and beyond. Urban Lawyer, 25, 117–157.
    • (1993) Urban Lawyer , vol.25 , pp. 117-157
    • Schreck, M.1
  • 97
    • 84992815279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Columbine effect: Fear over reality
    • April 15
    • Simpson, K. (2001, April 15). Columbine effect: Fear over reality. Denver Post, p. 5.
    • (2001) Denver Post , pp. 5
    • Simpson, K.1
  • 98
    • 0000456251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School discipline at a crossroads: From zero tolerance to early response
    • Skiba, R. J., & Peterson, R. L. (2000). School discipline at a crossroads: From zero tolerance to early response. Exceptional Child, 66, 335–346.
    • (2000) Exceptional Child , vol.66 , pp. 335-346
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Peterson, R.L.2
  • 99
    • 84992764908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student protest in walkout at Fremont High
    • September 11
    • Smith, D. (1999, September 11). Student protest in walkout at Fremont High. Los Angeles Times, p. B1.
    • (1999) Los Angeles Times , pp. B1
    • Smith, D.1
  • 100
    • 84992815303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N.W.2d
    • State v. Angelia D.B., 564 N.W.2d 682 (Wis. 1997).
    • (1997) Wis. , vol.564 , pp. 682
  • 101
    • 84992795239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • State v. Barrett, 683 So.2d 331 (La. App. 1 Cir. 1996).
    • (1996) La. App. 1 Cir. , vol.683 , pp. 331
  • 102
    • 84992795232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • State v. D.S., 685 So.2d 41 (Fla. App. 3 Dist. 1996).
    • (1996) Fla. App. 3 Dist. , vol.685 , pp. 41
  • 103
    • 84992874300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • State v. J.A., 679 So.2d 316 (Fla. App. 3 Dist. 1996).
    • (1996) Fla. App. 3 Dist. , vol.679 , pp. 316
  • 104
    • 84992869044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So.2d
    • State v. N.G.B., 806 So.2d 567 (Fla. App. 2 Dist. 2002).
    • (2002) Fla. App. 2 Dist. , vol.806 , pp. 567
  • 105
    • 84992815273 scopus 로고
    • P.2d
    • State v. Serna, 860 P.2d 1320 (Ariz. App. 1993).
    • (1993) Ariz. App. , vol.860 , pp. 1320
  • 106
    • 84992838271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P.2d
    • State v. Tywayne H., 933 P.2d 251 (N.M. Ct. App. 1997).
    • (1997) N.M. Ct. App. , vol.933 , pp. 251
  • 107
    • 84992773858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed July 19, 2003
    • Teachers across the nation are offered homicide insurance. (2001). Correctional educational bulletin. Accessed July 19, 2003.
    • (2001) Correctional educational bulletin
  • 108
    • 70649100986 scopus 로고
    • Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969).
    • (1969) U.S. , vol.393 , pp. 503
  • 109
    • 84992915948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F.3d
    • Todd v. Rush County Schools, 133 F.3d 984 (7th Cir. 1998).
    • (1998) 7th Cir. , vol.133 , pp. 984
  • 110
    • 84992771881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should juvenile records be open to schools?
    • April
    • Vail, K. (1997, April). Should juvenile records be open to schools? American School Board Journal, pp. 40–41.
    • (1997) American School Board Journal , pp. 40-41
    • Vail, K.1
  • 111
    • 33747884073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug dogs: Deterrent or invasion of student rights?
    • June 7
    • Vanderpool, T. (1999, June 7). Drug dogs: Deterrent or invasion of student rights? Christian Science Monitor, p.2.
    • (1999) Christian Science Monitor , pp. 2
    • Vanderpool, T.1
  • 112
    • 0031282812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fourth Amendment as a tool of actuarial justice: The “special needs” exception to the warrant and probable cause requirements
    • Vaughn, M. S., & del Carmen, R. V. (1997). The Fourth Amendment as a tool of actuarial justice: The “special needs” exception to the warrant and probable cause requirements. Crime & Delinquency, 43, 78–103.
    • (1997) Crime & Delinquency , vol.43 , pp. 78-103
    • Vaughn, M.S.1    del Carmen, R.V.2
  • 113
    • 0042876012 scopus 로고
    • Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995).
    • (1995) U.S. , vol.515 , pp. 646
  • 114
    • 38949195317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The legal aspects of school violence: Balancing school safety with students' rights
    • Watkins, D. W., & Hooks, J. S. (2000). The legal aspects of school violence: Balancing school safety with students' rights. Mississippi Law Journal, 69, 641–713.
    • (2000) Mississippi Law Journal , vol.69 , pp. 641-713
    • Watkins, D.W.1    Hooks, J.S.2
  • 115
    • 84992799669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P.3d
    • Weber v. Oakridge School District, 56 P.3d 504 (Or. App. 2002).
    • (2002) Or. App. , vol.56 , pp. 504
  • 116
    • 4243393294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study finds no sign that testing deters students' drug use
    • May 17
    • Winter, G. (2003, May 17). Study finds no sign that testing deters students' drug use. New York Times, pp. A1, A12.
    • (2003) New York Times , pp. A1-A12
    • Winter, G.1
  • 117
    • 84992836821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterpoint: Are the public schools detectably safe?
    • Zirkel, P. A. (2000). Counterpoint: Are the public schools detectably safe? Journal of Law & Education, 29, 193–195.
    • (2000) Journal of Law & Education , vol.29 , pp. 193-195
    • Zirkel, P.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.