메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 979-1008

The racial politics of protection: A critical race examination of police militarization

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84992411174     PISSN: 00081221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15779/Z385P1R     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 84992420597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freddie gray arrest timeline
    • Apr. 21, [https://perma.cc/3PSR-5YQ2]
    • Adam Marton & Emma Patti Harris, Freddie Gray Arrest Timeline, BALT. SUN (Apr. 21, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bal-map-freddie-gray-arresttimeline-20150421-htmlstory.html [https://perma.cc/3PSR-5YQ2].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
    • Marton, A.1    Harris, E.P.2
  • 2
    • 84992403831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why freddie gray ran
    • Apr. 25, [https://perma.cc/88GK-PLYQ]
    • Why Freddie Gray Ran, BALT. SUN (Apr. 25, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-freddie-gray-20150425-story.html [https://perma.cc/88GK-PLYQ].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
  • 3
    • 85039449337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mysterious death of freddie gray
    • April 22, [https://perma.cc/88GK-PLYQ]
    • David A. Graham, The Mysterious Death of Freddie Gray, ATLANTIC (April 22, 2015), http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/the-mysterious-death-of-freddie-gray/391119 [https://perma.cc/88GK-PLYQ].
    • (2015) Atlantic
    • Graham, D.A.1
  • 4
    • 84992410041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stop the war on Baltimore
    • May 6, [https://perma.cc/E68Q-KXNL]
    • Dante Berry, Stop the War on Baltimore, NATION (May 6, 2015), http://www.thenation.com/article/stop-war-baltimore [https://perma.cc/E68Q-KXNL].
    • (2015) Nation
    • Berry, D.1
  • 5
    • 84992426843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In Baltimore, national guard pullout begins as citywide curfew is lifted
    • May 3, [https://perma.cc/ZEB2-ZDQR]
    • Alan Fausset, Richard Blinder & Nikita Stewart, In Baltimore, National Guard Pullout Begins as Citywide Curfew Is Lifted, N.Y. TIMES (May 3, 2015), http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/us/baltimore-lifts-citywide-curfew-put-in-place-after-rioting.html [https://perma.cc/ZEB2-ZDQR].
    • (2015) N.y. Times
    • Fausset, A.1    Blinder, R.2    Stewart, N.3
  • 6
    • 84992328622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Last of national guard troops to leave Baltimore
    • May 4, [https://perma.cc/DW28-6ZUU]
    • Jessica Anderson & Ian Duncan, Last of National Guard Troops to Leave Baltimore, BALT. SUN (May 4, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-mdnational-guard-demobilizing-20150504-story.html [https://perma.cc/DW28-6ZUU].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
    • Anderson, J.1    Duncan, I.2
  • 7
    • 84992376148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Man pepper-sprayed by Baltimore police in viral video to appear in court
    • May 4, [https://perma.cc/6BTV-22ZP]
    • Kevin Rector, Man Pepper-Sprayed by Baltimore Police in Viral Video to Appear in Court, BALT. SUN (May 4, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bsmd-ci-pepper-spray-defendant-20150608-story.html [https://perma.cc/6BTV-22ZP].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
    • Rector, K.1
  • 8
    • 84992426771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activists voice concern that the enforcement of Baltimore curfew has been targeting poor black communities unevenly
    • May 3, [https://perma.cc/BVX9-ZJWR]
    • Elaine Magliaro, Activists Voice Concern that the Enforcement of Baltimore Curfew Has Been Targeting Poor Black Communities Unevenly, FLOWERS FOR SOCRATES (May 3, 2015), http://flowersforsocrates.com/2015/05/03/activists-voice-concern-that-the-enforcement-of-baltimorecurfew-has-been-targeting-poor-black-communities-unevenly [https://perma.cc/BVX9-ZJWR].
    • (2015) Flowers for Socrates
    • Magliaro, E.1
  • 9
    • 84992387800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protesters in hampden break curfew (for a few minutes) to make a point
    • May 2, [https://perma.cc/L43H-XBB8]
    • Kevin Rector, Protesters in Hampden Break Curfew (for a Few Minutes) to Make a Point, BALT. SUN (May 2, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-hampden-curfew-20150502-story.html [https://perma.cc/L43H-XBB8].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
    • Rector, K.1
  • 10
    • 84992381539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (@deray) May 2, 2015, 7:12 PM [https://perma.cc/QHZ9-2KQB]
    • DeRay Mckesson (@deray), TWITTER (May 2, 2015, 7:12 PM), https://twitter.com/deray/status/594685998719770624?ref-src=twsrc%5Etfw [https://perma.cc/QHZ9-2KQB]
    • Twitter
    • Mckesson, D.1
  • 11
    • 84992328623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hampden, other areas tell different story of Baltimore curfew
    • May 4, 5:59 AM), [https://perma.cc/3JXW-PKKT]
    • Hampden, other areas tell different story of Baltimore curfew, ABC 2 NEWS (May 4, 2015, 5:59 AM), http://www.abc2news.com/news/crime-checker/baltimore-city-crime/hampdenother-areas-tell-different-story-of-baltimore-curfew [https://perma.cc/3JXW-PKKT].
    • (2015) Abc 2 News
  • 12
    • 84992427716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Baltimore gets troops, black Baltimore gets same old cops
    • Apr. 29, [https://perma.cc/MVS8-4KC8]
    • Justin Glawe, White Baltimore Gets Troops, Black Baltimore Gets Same Old Cops, DAILY BEAST (Apr. 29, 2015), http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/29/white-baltimore-getstroops-black-baltimore-gets-cops-they-hate.html [https://perma.cc/MVS8-4KC8].
    • (2015) Daily Beast
    • Glawe, J.1
  • 13
    • 55649107833 scopus 로고
    • Stirring the ashes: Race, class and the future of civil rights scholarship
    • n.129
    • Frances Lee Ansley, Stirring the Ashes: Race, Class and the Future of Civil Rights Scholarship, 74 CORNELL L. REV. 993, 1024 n.129 (1989).
    • (1989) Cornell L. Rev. , vol.74 , Issue.993 , pp. 1024
    • Ansley, F.L.1
  • 14
    • 69849094406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Militarization and Policing-Its Relevance to 21st Century Police
    • Peter B. Kraska, Militarization and Policing-Its Relevance to 21st Century Police, 1 POLICING 1, 3 (2007).
    • (2007) Policing , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 3
    • Kraska, P.B.1
  • 15
    • 45849111528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reexamining the posse comitatus act: Toward a right to civil law enforcement
    • Sean J. Kealy, Reexamining the Posse Comitatus Act: Toward a Right to Civil Law Enforcement, 21 YALE L. & POL'Y REV. 383, 384 (2003).
    • (2003) Yale L. & Pol'y Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.383 , pp. 384
    • Kealy, S.J.1
  • 16
    • 84892073533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeland defense: Another nail in the coffin for posse comitatus
    • Nathan Canestaro, Homeland Defense: Another Nail in the Coffin for Posse Comitatus, 12 WASH. U. J.L. & POL'Y 99, 142-43 (2003)
    • (2003) Wash. U. J.L. & Pol'y , vol.12 , Issue.99 , pp. 142-143
    • Canestaro, N.1
  • 19
    • 0343393277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Law and race in early America
    • David Kairys ed., 3d ed
    • W. Haywood Burns, Law and Race in Early America, in THE POLITICS OF LAW: A PROGRESSIVE CRITIQUE 461, 464-67 (David Kairys ed., 3d ed. 1998).
    • (1998) The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique , vol.461 , pp. 464-467
    • Burns, W.H.1
  • 20
    • 0007280791 scopus 로고
    • Brown v. Board of education and the interest convergence dilemma
    • Kimberlé Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas eds
    • Derrick A. Bell, Jr., Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest Convergence Dilemma, in CRITICAL RACE THEORY: THE KEY WRITINGS THAT FORMED THE MOVEMENT 20, 22 (Kimberlé Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas eds., 1995).
    • (1995) Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement , vol.20 , pp. 22
    • Bell, D.A.1
  • 22
    • 84992400750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overpoliced & underprotected": In michael brown killing, neglect of black communities laid bare
    • Aug. 19, [https://perma.cc/6BM2-LNJJ]
    • "Overpoliced & Underprotected": In Michael Brown Killing, Neglect of Black Communities Laid Bare, DEMOCRACY NOW! (Aug. 19, 2014), http://www.democracynow.org/2014/8/19/over-policed-underprotected-in-michael-brown [https://perma.cc/6BM2-LNJJ].
    • (2014) Democracy Now!
  • 23
    • 84992324153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Today, a softer response to police violence than in 1960s and '70s
    • May 2, [https://perma.cc/4HUF-PXN6]
    • Bryan Burrough, Today, a Softer Response to Police Violence than in 1960s and '70s, L.A. TIMES (May 2, 2015), http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0503-burrough-violentrevolution-20150503-story.html [https://perma.cc/4HUF-PXN6].
    • (2015) L.a. Times
    • Burrough, B.1
  • 26
    • 85050412633 scopus 로고
    • The los angeles riot of August 1965
    • Anthony Oberschall, The Los Angeles Riot of August 1965, 15 SOC. PROBS. 322, 333 (1968).
    • (1968) Soc. Probs. , vol.15 , Issue.322 , pp. 333
    • Oberschall, A.1
  • 27
    • 84992321291 scopus 로고
    • After the riots: Rebuilding the community
    • (May 11), [https://perma.cc/5F3PF522].
    • Shawn Hubler, After the Riots: Rebuilding the Community, L.A. TIMES (May 11, 1992), http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-11/news/mn-1196-1-south-los-angeles [https://perma.cc/5F3PF522].
    • (1992) L.a. Times
    • Hubler, S.1
  • 28
    • 84992366036 scopus 로고
    • The kerner report revisited: An overview
    • (Philip Meranto ed.,), (citing REPORT OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON CIVIL DISORDERS )
    • Philip Meranto, The Kerner Report Revisited: An Overview, in THE KERNER REPORT REVISITED 9, 10 (Philip Meranto ed., 1970), https://archive.org/stream/kernerreportrevi00asse/kernerreportrevi00asse-djvu.txt (citing REPORT OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON CIVIL DISORDERS (1968)).
    • (1968) The Kerner Report Revisited , vol.9-10
    • Meranto, P.1
  • 29
    • 84992397392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem with "thugs,"
    • Apr. 29, [https://perma.cc/46D8-ABJJ]
    • The Problem with "Thugs," BALT. SUN (Apr. 29, 2015), http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-thugs-freddie-gray-20150429-story.html [https://perma.cc/46D8-ABJJ].
    • (2015) Balt. Sun
  • 30
    • 84992349108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of the swat team in American policing
    • (Sept. 7), [https://perma.cc/W6C6-2YFM].
    • Clyde Haberman, The Rise of the SWAT Team in American Policing, N.Y. TIMES (Sept. 7, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/08/us/the-rise-of-the-swat-team-in-americanpolicing. html [https://perma.cc/W6C6-2YFM].
    • (2014) N.y. Times
    • Haberman, C.1
  • 33
    • 84992387806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report: School districts are receiving free military gear from the pentagon
    • (Sept. 15), [https://perma.cc/Z88Y-CF8F]
    • Dylan Scott, Report: School Districts Are Receiving Free Military Gear from the Pentagon, TPM (Sept. 15, 2014), http://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/school-districts-1033-programmilitary-equipment [https://perma.cc/Z88Y-CF8F].
    • (2014) TPM
    • Scott, D.1
  • 34
    • 84971388044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How america's police became an army: The 1033 program
    • (Aug. 13), [https://perma.cc/M9G5-JJ2P]
    • Taylor Wofford, How America's Police Became an Army: The 1033 Program, NEWSWEEK (Aug. 13, 2014), http://www.newsweek.com/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537 [https://perma.cc/M9G5-JJ2P].
    • (2014) NEWSWEEK
    • Wofford, T.1
  • 36
    • 0026162306 scopus 로고
    • Punishing drug addicts who have babies: Women of color, equality and the right of privacy
    • Dorothy E. Roberts, Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality and the Right of Privacy, 104 HARV. L. REV. 1419 (1991).
    • (1991) Harv. L. Rev. , vol.104 , pp. 1419
    • Roberts, D.E.1
  • 37
    • 84911441965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [https://perma.cc/L644-U4HH] last visited Oct. 15, 2015
    • Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, NAACP, http://www.naacp.org/pages/criminal-justice-factsheet [https://perma.cc/L644-U4HH] (last visited Oct. 15, 2015).
    • Criminal Justice Fact Sheet
  • 38
    • 84992387812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the war on drugs damages black social mobility
    • (Sept. 30), [https://perma.cc/T38E-LUPS].
    • Jonathan Rothwell, How the War on Drugs Damages Black Social Mobility, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION (Sept. 30, 2014), http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos/posts/ 2014/09/30-war-on-drugs-black-social-mobility-rothwell [https://perma.cc/T38E-LUPS].
    • (2014) Brookings Institution
    • Rothwell, J.1
  • 39
    • 84992376163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the drug war
    • [https://perma.cc/VZ39-TPH4] last visited Feb. 25, 2016
    • Race and the Drug War, DRUG POL'Y ALLIANCE, http://www.drugpolicy.org/race-anddrug-war [https://perma.cc/VZ39-TPH4] (last visited Feb. 25, 2016).
    • Drug Pol'y Alliance
  • 40
    • 84992374608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fair sentencing act summary
    • [https://perma.cc/U94R-GXQQ] last visited Jan. 15, 2016
    • Fair Sentencing Act Summary, ACLU, https://www.aclu.org/node/17576 [https://perma.cc/U94R-GXQQ] (last visited Jan. 15, 2016).
    • ACLU
  • 41
    • 84992432855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police cameras outside your door
    • Oct. 4, [https://perma.cc/4J6A-6EQB].
    • Jay Stanley, Police Cameras Outside Your Door, ACLU (Oct. 4, 2012), https://www.aclu.org/blog/police-cameras-outside-your-door [https://perma.cc/4J6A-6EQB].
    • (2012) ACLU
    • Stanley, J.1
  • 43
    • 0003106541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prison-industrial complex
    • (Dec.), [https://perma.cc/6JJV-9U4X]
    • Eric Schlosser, The Prison-Industrial Complex, ATLANTIC (Dec. 1998), http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/12/the-prison-industrial-complex/304669 [https://perma.cc/6JJV-9U4X]
    • (1998) Atlantic
    • Schlosser, E.1
  • 46
    • 84992403773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timeline for a body: 4 hours in the middle of a ferguson street
    • (Aug. 23), [https://perma.cc/S5HR-MYCK]
    • Julie Bosman & Joseph Goldstein, Timeline for a Body: 4 Hours in the Middle of a Ferguson Street, N.Y. TIMES (Aug. 23, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/us/michaelbrown-a-bodys-timeline-4-hours-on-a-ferguson-street.html [https://perma.cc/S5HR-MYCK].
    • (2014) N.y. Times
    • Bosman, J.1    Goldstein, J.2
  • 47
    • 84992418697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Michael brown's shooting and its immediate aftermath in ferguson
    • [https://perma.cc/H4V7-LJTZ]. Aug. 25
    • Michael Brown's Shooting and Its Immediate Aftermath in Ferguson, N.Y. TIMES (Aug. 25, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/12/us/13police-shooting-of-black-teenagermichael-brown.html#/#time348-10366 [https://perma.cc/H4V7-LJTZ].
    • (2014) N.y. Times
  • 48
    • 84992374625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice department's report on the ferguson police department
    • [https://perma.cc/TYE7-G3JH]. Mar. 4
    • Wilson Andrews, Alicia Desantis & Josh Keller, Justice Department's Report on the Ferguson Police Department, N.Y. TIMES (Mar. 4, 2015), http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/04/us/ferguson-police-racial-discrimination.html [https://perma.cc/TYE7-G3JH].
    • (2015) N.y. Times
    • Andrews, W.1    Desantis, A.2    Keller, J.3
  • 49
    • 84956745956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The militarization of U.S. Police: Finally dragged into the light by the horrors of ferguson
    • [https://perma.cc/YG7N-VNWY]. Aug. 14
    • Glenn Greenwald, The Militarization of U.S. Police: Finally Dragged into the Light by the Horrors of Ferguson, INTERCEPT (Aug. 14, 2014), https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/08/14/militarization-u-s-police-dragged-light-horrors-ferguson [https://perma.cc/YG7N-VNWY].
    • (2014) Intercept
    • Greenwald, G.1
  • 50
    • 84992374627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The most outrageous police tactics in ferguson
    • (Aug. 14), [https://perma.cc/8ZXS-2MTC].
    • Nicole Flatow, The Most Outrageous Police Tactics in Ferguson, THINKPROGRESS (Aug. 14, 2014), http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2014/08/14/3471088/the-most-outrageous-police-tactics-inferguson [https://perma.cc/8ZXS-2MTC].
    • (2014) Thinkprogress
    • Flatow, N.1
  • 51
    • 84992397413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police militarization and an argument in favor of black helicopters
    • [https://perma.cc/EW5U-9VR5]. (Aug. 13)
    • Glenn French, Police Militarization and an Argument in Favor of Black Helicopters, POLICEONE (Aug. 13, 2013), http://www.policeone.com/SWAT/articles/6385683-Police-militarization-and-an-argument-in-favor-of-black-helicopters [https://perma.cc/EW5U-9VR5].
    • (2013) Policeone
    • French, G.1
  • 52
    • 84992324170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruit training: Are we preparing officers for a community oriented department?
    • (June), [https://perma.cc/9NB5-RJUP].
    • Karl W. Bickel, Recruit Training: Are We Preparing Officers for a Community Oriented Department?, COMMUNITY POLICING DISPATCH (June 2013), http://cops.usdoj.gov/ html/dispatch/06-2013/preparing-officers-for-a-community-oriented-department.asp [https://perma.cc/9NB5-RJUP].
    • (2013) Community Policing Dispatch
    • Bickel, K.W.1
  • 53
    • 84868585806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What killed aiyana stanley-jones?
    • (Nov.-Dec.), [https://perma.cc/DS5G-BBLS]
    • Charlie LeDuff, What Killed Aiyana Stanley-Jones?, MOTHER JONES (Nov.-Dec. 2010), http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/11/aiyana-stanley-jones-detroit [https://perma.cc/DS5G-BBLS].
    • (2010) Mother Jones
    • LeDuff, C.1
  • 54
    • 84992321323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This Isn't 1968. Baltimore isn't watts. And hillary clinton isn't michael dukakis
    • (May 6), [https://perma.cc/2HC5-3MVH]
    • Radley Balko, This Isn't 1968. Baltimore Isn't Watts. And Hillary Clinton Isn't Michael Dukakis, WASH. POST (May 6, 2015), http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2015/05/06/this-isnt-1968-baltimore-isnt-watts-and-hillary-clinton-isnt-michael-dukakis [https://perma.cc/2HC5-3MVH].
    • (2015) Wash. Post
    • Balko, R.1
  • 55
    • 84992387828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Officer deaths by year
    • [https://perma.cc/3BMT-ZQ9B]. Apr. 9
    • Officer Deaths by Year, NAT'L L. ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS MEMORIAL FUND (Apr. 9, 2015), http://www.nleomf.org/facts/officer-fatalities-data/year.html [https://perma.cc/3BMT-ZQ9B].
    • (2015) Nat'l L. Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund
  • 56
    • 84992400789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking at Baltimore's surveillance cameras
    • [https://perma.cc/7QUKU7AX] last visited May 13, 2015
    • John Duda, Looking at Baltimore's Surveillance Cameras, INDYPENDENT READER, https://indyreader.org/content/looking-baltimores-surveillance-cameras [https://perma.cc/7QUKU7AX] (last visited May 13, 2015).
    • Indypendent Reader
    • Duda, J.1
  • 57
    • 84953767304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School police across the country receive excess military weapons and gear
    • (Sept. 16), [https://perma.cc/7233-C2BP].
    • Niraj Chokshi, School Police Across the Country Receive Excess Military Weapons and Gear, WASH. POST (Sept. 16, 2014), http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/09/16/school-police-across-the-country-receive-excess-military-weapons-and-gear [https://perma.cc/7233-C2BP].
    • (2014) Wash. Post
    • Chokshi, N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.