메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-8

When should acute exacerbations of copd be treated with systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics in primary care: A systematic review of current copd guidelines

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORTICOSTEROID; PROCALCITONIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84991963163     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20551010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2015.2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 33751325576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining COPD exacerbations: Impact on estimation of incidence and burden in primary care
    • O'Reilly JF, Williams AE, Holt K, Rice L. Defining COPD exacerbations: impact on estimation of incidence and burden in primary care. Prim Care Respir J 2006; 15: 346–353
    • (2006) Prim Care Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 346-353
    • O'reilly, J.F.1    Williams, A.E.2    Holt, K.3    Rice, L.4
  • 5
    • 54349087821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where is the supporting evidence for treating mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations with antibiotics? A systematic review
    • Puhan M, Vollenweider D, Steurer J, Bossuyt P, ter Riet G. Where is the supporting evidence for treating mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations with antibiotics? A systematic review. BMC Med 2008; 6: 28
    • (2008) BMC Med , vol.6
    • Puhan, M.1    Vollenweider, D.2    Steurer, J.3    Bossuyt, P.4    Ter Riet, G.5
  • 6
    • 13844254907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: A cross-national database study
    • Goossens H, Ferech M, Vander Stichele R, Elseviers M. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet 2005; 365: 579–587
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 579-587
    • Goossens, H.1    Ferech, M.2    Vander Stichele, R.3    Elseviers, M.4
  • 7
    • 0035799388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A summary and appraisal of published evidence
    • Bach PB, Brown C, Gelfand SE, McCrory DC. Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 600–620
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , pp. 600-620
    • Bach, P.B.1    Brown, C.2    Gelfand, S.E.3    McCrory, D.C.4
  • 9
    • 0035825257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines targeting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Lacasse Y, Ferreira I, Brooks D, Newman T, Goldstein RS. Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines targeting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 69–74
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 69-74
    • Lacasse, Y.1    Ferreira, I.2    Brooks, D.3    Newman, T.4    Goldstein, R.S.5
  • 10
    • 68049122102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
    • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000097
    • (2009) Plos Med , vol.6
    • Moher, D.1    Liberati, A.2    Tetzlaff, J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 11
    • 77954608997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
    • Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, Feder G et al. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ 2010; 182: E839–E842
    • (2010) CMAJ , vol.182
    • Brouwers, M.C.1    Kho, M.E.2    Browman, G.P.3    Burgers, J.S.4    Cluzeau, F.5    Feder, G.6
  • 12
    • 0018825423 scopus 로고
    • Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency
    • Albert RK, Martin TR, Lewis SW. Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92: 753–758
    • (1980) Ann Intern Med , vol.92 , pp. 753-758
    • Albert, R.K.1    Martin, T.R.2    Lewis, S.W.3
  • 14
    • 0033600275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of systemic glucocorticoids on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Niewoehner DE, Erbland ML, Deupree RH, Collins D, Gross NJ, Light RW et al. Effect of systemic glucocorticoids on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1941–1947
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1941-1947
    • Niewoehner, D.E.1    Erbland, M.L.2    Deupree, R.H.3    Collins, D.4    Gross, N.J.5    Light, R.W.6
  • 15
    • 0033533144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective randomised controlled trial
    • Davies L, Angus RM, Calverley PM. Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 456–460
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 456-460
    • Davies, L.1    Angus, R.M.2    Calverley, P.M.3
  • 16
    • 0036499526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Maltais F, Ostinelli J, Bourbeau J, Tonnel AB, Jacquemet B, Haddon J et al. Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 698–703
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 698-703
    • Maltais, F.1    Ostinelli, J.2    Bourbeau, J.3    Tonnel, A.B.4    Jacquemet, B.5    Haddon, J.6
  • 17
    • 0037832413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient oral prednisone after emergency treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Hebert P, Dales R, Stiell IG, Ahuja J et al. Outpatient oral prednisone after emergency treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2618–2625
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2618-2625
    • Aaron, S.D.1    Vandemheen, K.L.2    Hebert, P.3    Dales, R.4    Stiell, I.G.5    Ahuja, J.6
  • 18
    • 37549054671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral or IV prednisolone in the treatment of COPD exacerbations: A randomized, controlled, double-blind study
    • de Jong YP, Uil SM, Grotjohan HP, Postma DS, Kerstjens HA, van den Berg JW. Oral or IV prednisolone in the treatment of COPD exacerbations: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Chest 2007; 132: 1741–1747
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1741-1747
    • De Jong, Y.P.1    Uil, S.M.2    Grotjohan, H.P.3    Postma, D.S.4    Kerstjens, H.A.5    Van Den Berg, J.W.6
  • 19
    • 34547584773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nebulised budesonide in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Gunen H, Hacievliyagil SS, Yetkin O, Gulbas G. The role of nebulised budesonide in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 399–400
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 399-400
    • Gunen, H.1    Hacievliyagil, S.S.2    Yetkin, O.3    Gulbas, G.4
  • 20
    • 65649136231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budesonide/ formoterol as effective as prednisolone plus formoterol in acute exacerbations of COPD. A double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, parallel-group, multicentre study
    • Ställberg B, Selroos O, Vogelmeier C, Andersson E, Ekstrom T, Larsson K. Budesonide/ formoterol as effective as prednisolone plus formoterol in acute exacerbations of COPD. A double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, parallel-group, multicentre study. Respir Res 2009; 10: 11
    • (2009) Respir Res , vol.10
    • Ställberg, B.1    Selroos, O.2    Vogelmeier, C.3    Ersson, E.4    Ekstrom, T.5    Larsson, K.6
  • 21
    • 82455206043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving ventilatory support
    • Alia I, de la Cal MA, Esteban A, Abella A, Ferrer R, Molina FJ et al. Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving ventilatory support. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 1939–1946
    • (2011) Arch Intern Med , vol.171 , pp. 1939-1946
    • Alia, I.1    De La Cal, M.A.2    Esteban, A.3    Abella, A.4    Ferrer, R.5    Molina, F.J.6
  • 22
    • 84878538257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The reduce randomized clinical trial
    • Leuppi JD, Schuetz P, Bingisser R, Bodmer M, Briel M, Drescher T et al. Short-term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the reduce randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 309: 2223–2231
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 2223-2231
    • Leuppi, J.D.1    Schuetz, P.2    Bingisser, R.3    Bodmer, M.4    Briel, M.5    Drescher, T.6
  • 23
    • 84883593673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations
    • Gupta D, Agarwal R, Aggarval A, Maturu VN, Dhooria S, Prasad KT et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Joint ICS/NCCP (I) recommendations. Lung India 2013; 30: 228–267
    • (2013) Lung India , vol.30 , pp. 228-267
    • Gupta, D.1    Agarwal, R.2    Aggarval, A.3    Maturu, V.N.4    Dhooria, S.5    Prasad, K.T.6
  • 25
    • 0023164742 scopus 로고
    • Antiobiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Anthonisen N, Manfreda J, Warren C. Antiobiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 196–204
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.106 , pp. 196-204
    • Anthonisen, N.1    Manfreda, J.2    Warren, C.3
  • 26
    • 0035509117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Seemungal T, Harper-Owen R, Bhowmik A, Moric I, Sanderson G, Message S et al. Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1618–1623
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 1618-1623
    • Seemungal, T.1    Harper-Owen, R.2    Bhowmik, A.3    Moric, I.4    Sanderson, G.5    Message, S.6
  • 27
    • 0036727140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations
    • Patel IS, Seemungal TA, Wilks M, Lloyd-Owen SJ, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA. Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2002; 57: 759–764
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 759-764
    • Patel, I.S.1    Seemungal, T.A.2    Wilks, M.3    Lloyd-Owen, S.J.4    Donaldson, G.C.5    Wedzicha, J.A.6
  • 28
    • 0035894617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Nouira S, Marghli S, Belghith M, Besbes L, Elatrous S, Abroug F. Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 358: 2020–2025
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 2020-2025
    • Nouira, S.1    Marghli, S.2    Belghith, M.3    Besbes, L.4    Elatrous, S.5    Abroug, F.6
  • 30
    • 0000524995 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic regimens in chronic bronchitis
    • Fear E, Edwards G. Antibiotic regimens in chronic bronchitis. Br J Dis Chest 1962; 56: 153–162
    • (1962) Br J Dis Chest , vol.56 , pp. 153-162
    • Fear, E.1    Edwards, G.2
  • 31
    • 0001244281 scopus 로고
    • Value of ampicillin in the hospital treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Elmes P, King T, Langlands J. Value of ampicillin in the hospital treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br Med J 1965; 2: 904–908
    • (1965) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 904-908
    • Elmes, P.1    King, T.2    Langlands, J.3
  • 32
    • 0014426674 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic regimens in severe and acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Pines A, Raafat H, Plucinski K, Greenfield J, Solari M. Antibiotic regimens in severe and acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. BMJ 1968; 2: 735–738
    • (1968) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 735-738
    • Pines, A.1    Raafat, H.2    Plucinski, K.3    Greenfield, J.4    Solari, M.5
  • 33
    • 0015325381 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic regimens in moderately ill patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
    • Pines A, Raafat H, Greenfield JS, Linsell WD, Solari ME. Antibiotic regimens in moderately ill patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br J Dis Chest 1972; 66: 107–115
    • (1972) Br J Dis Chest , vol.66 , pp. 107-115
    • Pines, A.1    Raafat, H.2    Greenfield, J.S.3    Linsell, W.D.4    Solari, M.E.5
  • 35
    • 0026534661 scopus 로고
    • Amoxicillin in treatment of acute uncomplicated exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in general practice
    • Jørgensen AF, Coolidge J, Pedersen PA, Petersen KP, Waldorff S, Widding E. Amoxicillin in treatment of acute uncomplicated exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 1992; 10: 7–11
    • (1992) Scand J Prim Health Care , vol.10 , pp. 7-11
    • Jørgensen, A.F.1    Coolidge, J.2    Pedersen, P.A.3    Petersen, K.P.4    Waldorff, S.5    Widding, E.6
  • 36
    • 0029070242 scopus 로고
    • Changes in symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and sputum flora during treatment with antibiotics of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice
    • Sachs AP, Koëter GH, Groenier KH, van der Waaij D, Schiphuis J, Meyboom-de Jong B. Changes in symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and sputum flora during treatment with antibiotics of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice. Thorax 1995; 50: 758–763
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 758-763
    • Sachs, A.P.1    Koëter, G.H.2    Groenier, K.H.3    Van Der Waaij, D.4    Schiphuis, J.5    Meyboom-De Jong, B.6
  • 39
    • 84878270326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors for antibiotic prescribing in patients with exacerbations of COPD in general practice
    • Llor C, Bjerrum L, Munck A, Hansen MP, Cordoba GC, Strandberg EL et al. Predictors for antibiotic prescribing in patients with exacerbations of COPD in general practice. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 7: 131–137
    • (2013) Ther Adv Respir Dis , vol.7 , pp. 131-137
    • Llor, C.1    Bjerrum, L.2    Munck, A.3    Hansen, M.P.4    Cordoba, G.C.5    Strandberg, E.L.6
  • 41
    • 0036738452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A comparison of diagnosis and treatment recommendations
    • Iqbal A, Schloss S, George D, Isonaka S. Worldwide guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparison of diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Respirology 2002; 7: 233–239
    • (2002) Respirology , vol.7 , pp. 233-239
    • Iqbal, A.1    Schloss, S.2    George, D.3    Isonaka, S.4
  • 42
    • 77449133105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD in Europe: The GIANT study
    • Miravitlles M, Anzueto A, Ewig S, Legnani D, Stauch K. Characterisation of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD in Europe: the GIANT study. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2009; 3: 267–277
    • (2009) Ther Adv Respir Dis , vol.3 , pp. 267-277
    • Miravitlles, M.1    Anzueto, A.2    Ewig, S.3    Legnani, D.4    Stauch, K.5
  • 43
    • 10944232455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How representative are clinical study patients with asthma or COPD for a larger “real life” population of patients with obstructive lung disease?
    • Herland K, Akselsen J-P, Skjønsberg OH, Bjermer L. How representative are clinical study patients with asthma or COPD for a larger “real life” population of patients with obstructive lung disease? Respir Med 2005; 99: 11–19
    • (2005) Respir Med , vol.99 , pp. 11-19
    • Herland, K.1    Akselsen, J.-P.2    Skjønsberg, O.H.3    Bjermer, L.4
  • 44
    • 0034064973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations
    • Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbations. Chest 2000; 117: 398–401
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 398-401
    • Rodriguez-Roisin, R.1
  • 45
    • 0029156848 scopus 로고
    • Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A consensus statement of the European Respiratory Society
    • Siafakas NM, Vermeire P, Pride NB, Paoletti P, Gibson J, Howard P et al. Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a consensus statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1398–1420
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1398-1420
    • Siafakas, N.M.1    Vermeire, P.2    Pride, N.B.3    Paoletti, P.4    Gibson, J.5    Howard, P.6
  • 46
    • 0029969573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early corticosteroid use in acute exacerbations of chronic airflow obstruction
    • Bullard MJ, Liaw SJ, Tsai YH, Min HP. Early corticosteroid use in acute exacerbations of chronic airflow obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14: 139–143
    • (1996) Am J Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 139-143
    • Bullard, M.J.1    Liaw, S.J.2    Tsai, Y.H.3    Min, H.P.4
  • 47
    • 84873956600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary
    • Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 347–365
    • (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.187 , pp. 347-365
    • Vestbo, J.1    Hurd, S.S.2    Agusti, A.G.3    Jones, P.W.4    Vogelmeier, C.5    Anzueto, A.6
  • 48
    • 18244386462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sputum color as a marker of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Allegra L, Blasi F, Diano P, Consentini R, Tarsia P, Confalonieri M et al. Sputum color as a marker of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2005; 99: 742–747
    • (2005) Respir Med , vol.99 , pp. 742-747
    • Allegra, L.1    Blasi, F.2    Diano, P.3    Consentini, R.4    Tarsia, P.5    Confalonieri, M.6
  • 49
    • 84887303436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it possible to identify exacerbations of mild to moderate COPD that do not require antibiotic treatment?
    • Miravitlles M, Moragas A, Hernandez S, Bayona C, Llor C. Is it possible to identify exacerbations of mild to moderate COPD that do not require antibiotic treatment? Chest 2013; 144: 1571–1577
    • (2013) Chest , vol.144 , pp. 1571-1577
    • Miravitlles, M.1    Moragas, A.2    Hernandez, S.3    Bayona, C.4    Llor, C.5
  • 51
    • 80055004544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic biomarkers in exacerbations of copd: The evolving clinical challenge
    • Koutsokera A, Stolz D, Loukides S, Kostikas K. Systemic biomarkers in exacerbations of copd: the evolving clinical challenge. Chest 2012; 141: 396–405
    • (2012) Chest , vol.141 , pp. 396-405
    • Koutsokera, A.1    Stolz, D.2    Loukides, S.3    Kostikas, K.4
  • 52
    • 0031985386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Definitions and aetiology
    • Nyström P. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome: definitions and aetiology. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 41: 1–7
    • (1998) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1-7
    • Nyström, P.1
  • 53
    • 78650562010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of British Thoracic Society guidance (The CRB-65 rule) for predicting the severity of pneumonia in general practice: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • McNally M, Curtain J, O'Brien KK, Dimitrov BD, Fahey T. Validity of British Thoracic Society guidance (the CRB-65 rule) for predicting the severity of pneumonia in general practice: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract 2010; 60: e423–e433
    • (2010) Br J Gen Pract , vol.60
    • McNally, M.1    Curtain, J.2    O'brien, K.K.3    Dimitrov, B.D.4    Fahey, T.5
  • 54
    • 79955401160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of the CRB65 score to predict mortality in exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission
    • Edwards L, Perrin K, Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Travers J. The value of the CRB65 score to predict mortality in exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission. Respirology 2011; 16: 625–629
    • (2011) Respirology , vol.16 , pp. 625-629
    • Edwards, L.1    Perrin, K.2    Wijesinghe, M.3    Weatherall, M.4    Beasley, R.5    Travers, J.6
  • 55
    • 79960941638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and neopterin in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Lacoma A, Prat C, Andreo F, Lores L, Ruiz-Manzano J, Ausina V et al. Value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and neopterin in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2011; 6: 157–169
    • (2011) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.6 , pp. 157-169
    • Lacoma, A.1    Prat, C.2    Reo, F.3    Lores, L.4    Ruiz-Manzano, J.5    Ausina, V.6
  • 56
    • 70149088214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: The ProHOSP randomized controlled trial
    • Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I et al. Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009; 302: 1059–1066
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.302 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Schuetz, P.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Thomann, R.3    Falconnier, C.4    Wolbers, M.5    Widmer, I.6
  • 57
    • 79958731375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or COPD
    • Bafadhel M, Clark TW, Reid C, Medina MJ, Batham S, Barer MR et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or COPD. Chest 2011; 139: 1410–1418
    • (2011) Chest , vol.139 , pp. 1410-1418
    • Bafadhel, M.1    Clark, T.W.2    Reid, C.3    Medina, M.J.4    Batham, S.5    Barer, M.R.6
  • 58
    • 78349254261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin vs c-reactive protein as predictive markers of response to antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Daniels JMA, Schoorl M, Snijders D, Knol DL, Lutter R, Jansen HM et al. Procalcitonin vs c-reactive protein as predictive markers of response to antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2010; 138: 1108–1115
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 1108-1115
    • Daniels, J.1    Schoorl, M.2    Snijders, D.3    Knol, D.L.4    Lutter, R.5    Jansen, H.M.6
  • 59
    • 33846311358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: A randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy
    • Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Bingisser R, Leuppi J, Miedinger D, Muller C et al. Antibiotic treatment of exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, controlled trial comparing procalcitonin-guidance with standard therapy. Chest 2007; 131: 9–19
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 9-19
    • Stolz, D.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Bingisser, R.3    Leuppi, J.4    Miedinger, D.5    Muller, C.6
  • 60
    • 85047695734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Phenotypes of COPD: Identification, Definition and Implications for Guidelines
    • Miravitlles M, Calle M, Soler-Cataluña JJ. Clinical Phenotypes of COPD: Identification, Definition and Implications for Guidelines. Arch Bronconeumol 2012; 48: 86–98
    • (2012) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.48 , pp. 86-98
    • Miravitlles, M.1    Calle, M.2    Soler-Cataluña, J.J.3
  • 61
    • 2642546683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Österreichische Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen und Tuberkulose: Konsensus zum Management der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)
    • Block LH, Burghuber OC, Hartl S, Zwick H. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen und Tuberkulose: Konsensus zum Management der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD). Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004; 116: 268–278
    • (2004) Wien Klin Wochenschr , vol.116 , pp. 268-278
    • Block, L.H.1    Burghuber, O.C.2    Hartl, S.3    Zwick, H.4
  • 62
    • 31544465514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Bellamy D, Bouchard J, Henrichsen S, Johansson G, Langhammer A, Reid J et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prim Care Respir J 2006; 15: 48–57
    • (2006) Prim Care Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 48-57
    • Bellamy, D.1    Bouchard, J.2    Henrichsen, S.3    Johansson, G.4    Langhammer, A.5    Reid, J.6
  • 64
    • 56249099497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De standaard en de wetenschappelijke verantwoording zijn geactualiseerd ten opzichte van de vorige versies van de NHG-Standaarden COPD en astma bij volwassenen: Diagnostiek (Huisarts Wet 2001;44;107-17) en COPD: Behandling (Huisarts Wet 2001;44;207-19)
    • Smeele I, Van Weel C, Van Schayck C, Van der Molen T, Thoonen B, Schermer T et al. De standaard en de wetenschappelijke verantwoording zijn geactualiseerd ten opzichte van de vorige versies van de NHG-Standaarden COPD en astma bij volwassenen: diagnostiek (Huisarts Wet 2001;44;107-17) en COPD: behandling (Huisarts Wet 2001;44;207-19). Huisarts Wet 2007; 50: 362–379.
    • (2007) Huisarts Wet , vol.50 , pp. 362-379
    • Smeele, I.1    Van Weel, C.2    Van Schayck, C.3    Van Der Molen, T.4    Thoonen, B.5    Schermer, T.6
  • 65
    • 85051839294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farmakologisk behandling av kroniskt obstruktiv lungesjukdom- KOL
    • Läkemedelsverket
    • Läkemedelsverket. Farmakologisk behandling av kroniskt obstruktiv lungesjukdom- KOL. Information från Läkemedelsverket 2009; 2: 13–28
    • (2009) Information från Läkemedelsverket , vol.2 , pp. 13-28
  • 66
    • 74549207537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy and management of community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Guidelines of the Paul- Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy, the German Respiratory Society, the German Society for Infectiology and the Competence Network CAPNETZ Germany
    • Höffken G, Lorenz J, Kern W, Welte T, Bauer T, Dalhoff K et al. [Epidemiology, diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy and management of community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Guidelines of the Paul- Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy, the German Respiratory Society, the German Society for Infectiology and the Competence Network CAPNETZ Germany]. Pneumologie 2009; 63: e1–68
    • (2009) Pneumologie , vol.63
    • Höffken, G.1    Lorenz, J.2    Kern, W.3    Welte, T.4    Bauer, T.5    Dalhoff, K.6
  • 69
    • 77249136293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee, Medical Services Commission: Victoria, BC, Canada
    • Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). British Columbia Medical Association, Medical Services Commission: Victoria, BC, Canada, 2011
    • (2011) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • 70
    • 80053284682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections-Full version
    • Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, Garau J, Huchon G, Ieven M et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections-Full version. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1–59
    • (2011) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.17 , pp. 1-59
    • Woodhead, M.1    Blasi, F.2    Ewig, S.3    Garau, J.4    Huchon, G.5    Ieven, M.6
  • 73
    • 84874043244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The Swiss guidelines. Official guidelines of the Swiss Respiratory Society
    • Russi EW, Karrer W, Brutsche M, Eich C, Fitting JW, Frey M et al. Diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Swiss guidelines. Official guidelines of the Swiss Respiratory Society. Respiration 2013; 85: 160–174
    • (2013) Respiration , vol.85 , pp. 160-174
    • Russi, E.W.1    Karrer, W.2    Brutsche, M.3    Eich, C.4    Fitting, J.W.5    Frey, M.6
  • 79
    • 0024552974 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone in the emergency treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Emerman CL, Connors AF, Lukens TW, May ME, Effron D. A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone in the emergency treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 1989; 95: 563–567.
    • (1989) Chest , vol.95 , pp. 563-567
    • Emerman, C.L.1    Connors, A.F.2    Lukens, T.W.3    May, M.E.4    Effron, D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.