메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 113, Issue 41, 2016, Pages 11489-11494

Morphology and function of Neandertal and modern human ear ossicles

Author keywords

3D shape; Covariation; Homo; Middle ear

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY OSSICLE; AUDITORY SYSTEM FUNCTION; BRAIN SIZE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARDRUM; HEARING ACUITY; HOLOCENE; HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS; HUMAN; LAST COMMON ANCESTOR; MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; MIDDLE EAR; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MORPHOMETRICS; NONHUMAN; OVAL WINDOW; PLEISTOCENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; TEMPORAL BONE; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TISSUE STRUCTURE; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; ANIMAL; EVOLUTION; IMAGE PROCESSING; PATHOLOGY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

EID: 84991512361     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605881113     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 59849125283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do primates hear? A meta-analysis of all known nonhuman primate behavioral audiograms
    • Coleman MN (2009) What do primates hear? A meta-analysis of all known nonhuman primate behavioral audiograms. IntJ Primatol 30(1):55-91.
    • (2009) IntJ Primatol , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-91
    • Coleman, M.N.1
  • 2
    • 3042824821 scopus 로고
    • Auditory acuity of the chimpanzee
    • Elder JH (1934) Auditory acuity of the chimpanzee. J Comp Psychol 17(2):157-183.
    • (1934) J Comp Psychol , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-183
    • Elder, J.H.1
  • 3
    • 0008409864 scopus 로고
    • The upper limit of hearing in chimpanzee
    • Elder JH (1935) The upper limit of hearing in chimpanzee. Am J Physiol 112(1):109-115.
    • (1935) Am J Physiol , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-115
    • Elder, J.H.1
  • 4
    • 7644233476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate hearing from a mammalian perspective
    • Heffner RS (2004) Primate hearing from a mammalian perspective. AnatRecA Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 281(1):1111-1122.
    • (2004) AnatRecA Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol , vol.281 , Issue.1 , pp. 1111-1122
    • Heffner, R.S.1
  • 5
    • 0025097225 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of auditory functions in the chimpanzee and human
    • Kojima S (1990) Comparison of auditory functions in the chimpanzee and human. Folia Primatol (Basel) 55(2):62-72.
    • (1990) Folia Primatol (Basel) , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 62-72
    • Kojima, S.1
  • 7
    • 84875219055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying audition in fossil hominins: A new approach to the evolution of language
    • ed Jackson M Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY
    • Quam R, et al. (2012) Studying audition in fossil hominins: A new approach to the evolution of language. Psychology of Language, ed Jackson M (Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY), pp 47-95.
    • (2012) Psychology of Language , pp. 47-95
    • Quam, R.1
  • 8
    • 0009753784 scopus 로고
    • Hearing and communication in blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis)
    • Brown CH, Waser PM (1984) Hearing and communication in blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis). Anim Behav 32(1):66-75.
    • (1984) Anim Behav , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-75
    • Brown, C.H.1    Waser, P.M.2
  • 9
    • 0005711512 scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on the structure of primate vocalizations
    • eds Todt D, Goedeking P, Symmes D Springer, Berlin
    • Brown CH, Waser PM (1988) Environmental influences on the structure of primate vocalizations. Primate Vocal Communication, eds Todt D, Goedeking P, Symmes D (Springer, Berlin), pp 51-66.
    • (1988) Primate Vocal Communication , pp. 51-66
    • Brown, C.H.1    Waser, P.M.2
  • 10
    • 0024021770 scopus 로고
    • Absolute auditory thresholds in three Old World monkey species (Cercopithecus aethiops, C. neglectus, Macaca fuscata) and humans (Homo sapiens)
    • Owren MJ, Hopp SL, Sinnott JM, Petersen MR (1988) Absolute auditory thresholds in three Old World monkey species (Cercopithecus aethiops, C. neglectus, Macaca fuscata) and humans (Homo sapiens). J Comp Psychol 102(2):99-107.
    • (1988) J Comp Psychol , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-107
    • Owren, M.J.1    Hopp, S.L.2    Sinnott, J.M.3    Petersen, M.R.4
  • 11
    • 77950397795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between auditory structures and hearing sensitivity in non-human primates
    • Coleman MN, Colbert MW (2010) Correlations between auditory structures and hearing sensitivity in non-human primates. J Morphol 271(5):511-532.
    • (2010) J Morphol , vol.271 , Issue.5 , pp. 511-532
    • Coleman, M.N.1    Colbert, M.W.2
  • 12
    • 84957643176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early hominin auditory capacities
    • Quam R, et al. (2015) Early hominin auditory capacities. Sci Adv 1(8):e1500355.
    • (2015) Sci Adv , vol.1 , Issue.8 , pp. e1500355
    • Quam, R.1
  • 13
    • 7644233742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate auditory diversity and its influence on hearing performance
    • Coleman MN, Ross CF (2004) Primate auditory diversity and its influence on hearing performance. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 281(1):1123-1137.
    • (2004) Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol , vol.281 , Issue.1 , pp. 1123-1137
    • Coleman, M.N.1    Ross, C.F.2
  • 14
    • 0029026565 scopus 로고
    • What middle ear parameters tell about impedance matching and high frequency hearing
    • Hemilä S, Nummela S, Reuter T (1995) What middle ear parameters tell about impedance matching and high frequency hearing. Hear Res 85(1-2):31-44.
    • (1995) Hear Res , vol.85 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 31-44
    • Hemilä, S.1    Nummela, S.2    Reuter, T.3
  • 15
    • 84956683766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative middle ear structure and function in vertebrates
    • eds Puria S, Fay RR, Popper AN Springer, New York
    • Rosowski JJ (2013) Comparative middle ear structure and function in vertebrates. The Middle Ear, eds Puria S, Fay RR, Popper AN (Springer, New York), pp 31-65.
    • (2013) The Middle Ear , pp. 31-65
    • Rosowski, J.J.1
  • 16
    • 0031020979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sound-pressure measurements in the cochlear vestibule of human-cadaver ears
    • Puria S, Peake WT, Rosowski JJ (1997) Sound-pressure measurements in the cochlear vestibule of human-cadaver ears. J Acoust Soc Am 101(5 Pt 1):2754-2770.
    • (1997) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 2754-2770
    • Puria, S.1    Peake, W.T.2    Rosowski, J.J.3
  • 17
    • 84904040480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the auditory ossicles in extant hominids: Metric variation in African apes and humans
    • Quam RM, Coleman MN, Martínez I (2014) Evolution of the auditory ossicles in extant hominids: Metric variation in African apes and humans. J Anat 225(2):167-196.
    • (2014) J Anat , vol.225 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-196
    • Quam, R.M.1    Coleman, M.N.2    Martínez, I.3
  • 18
    • 84957675960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative anatomy of the middle ear ossicles of extant hominids-Introducing a geometric morphometric protocol
    • Stoessel A, Gunz P, David R, Spoor F (2016) Comparative anatomy of the middle ear ossicles of extant hominids-Introducing a geometric morphometric protocol. J Hum Evol 91:1-25.
    • (2016) J Hum Evol , vol.91 , pp. 1-25
    • Stoessel, A.1    Gunz, P.2    David, R.3    Spoor, F.4
  • 20
    • 84928706855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child reloaded: New remains and re-assessment of the original collection
    • Gómez-Olivencia A, Crevecoeur I, Balzeau A (2015) La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child reloaded: New remains and re-assessment of the original collection. J Hum Evol 82:107-126.
    • (2015) J Hum Evol , vol.82 , pp. 107-126
    • Gómez-Olivencia, A.1    Crevecoeur, I.2    Balzeau, A.3
  • 22
    • 0037026534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lost Neanderthal neonate found
    • Maureille B (2002) A lost Neanderthal neonate found. Nature 419(6902):33-34.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , Issue.6902 , pp. 33-34
    • Maureille, B.1
  • 23
    • 0033120604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence from Le Moustier 1: Computerassisted reconstruction and morphometry of the skull
    • Ponce de León MS, Zollikofer CP (1999) New evidence from Le Moustier 1: Computerassisted reconstruction and morphometry of the skull. Anat Rec 254(4):474-489.
    • (1999) Anat Rec , vol.254 , Issue.4 , pp. 474-489
    • Ponce De León, M.S.1    Zollikofer, C.P.2
  • 24
    • 84875210773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessment of the La Ferrassie 3 Neandertal ossicular chain
    • Quam R, Martínez I, Arsuaga JL (2013) Reassessment of the La Ferrassie 3 Neandertal ossicular chain. J Hum Evol 64(4):250-262.
    • (2013) J Hum Evol , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 250-262
    • Quam, R.1    Martínez, I.2    Arsuaga, J.L.3
  • 25
    • 38949095046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory ossicles from southwest Asian Mousterian sites
    • Quam R, Rak Y (2008) Auditory ossicles from southwest Asian Mousterian sites. J Hum Evol 54(3):414-433.
    • (2008) J Hum Evol , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-433
    • Quam, R.1    Rak, Y.2
  • 27
    • 84939191049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disproportionate cochlear length in genus Homo shows a high phylogenetic signal during apes' hearing evolution
    • Braga J, et al. (2015) Disproportionate cochlear length in genus Homo shows a high phylogenetic signal during apes' hearing evolution. PLoS One 10(6):e0127780.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. e0127780
    • Braga, J.1
  • 29
    • 84896961531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological integration of the bony labyrinth and the cranial base in modern humans and Neandertals
    • Gunz P, et al. (2013) Morphological integration of the bony labyrinth and the cranial base in modern humans and Neandertals. Europ Soc Hum Evol 2013:1-4.
    • (2013) Europ Soc Hum Evol , vol.2013 , pp. 1-4
    • Gunz, P.1
  • 30
    • 0037376012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of Neanderthal temporal bone morphology using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics
    • Harvati K (2003) Quantitative analysis of Neanderthal temporal bone morphology using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Am J Phys Anthropol 120(4):323-338.
    • (2003) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-338
    • Harvati, K.1
  • 32
    • 0008352226 scopus 로고
    • Application of a morphometric model for the reconstruction of some functional characteristics of external and middle ear in Circeo 1
    • eds Piperno M, Scichilone G Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato-Libreria dello Stato, Rome
    • Masali M, Maffei M, Borgognini Tarli S (1991) Application of a morphometric model for the reconstruction of some functional characteristics of external and middle ear in Circeo 1. The Neandertal Skull Circeo 1-Studies and Documentation, eds Piperno M, Scichilone G (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato-Libreria dello Stato, Rome), pp 321-338.
    • (1991) The Neandertal Skull Circeo 1-studies and Documentation , pp. 321-338
    • Masali, M.1    Maffei, M.2    Borgognini Tarli, S.3
  • 33
    • 84956627887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. II. Inferring function from structure
    • Mason MJ (2016) Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. II. Inferring function from structure. JAnat 228(2):300-312.
    • (2016) JAnat , vol.228 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-312
    • Mason, M.J.1
  • 34
    • 0029057974 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of the mammalian middle ear
    • Nummela S (1995) Scaling of the mammalian middle ear. Hear Res 85(1-2):18-30.
    • (1995) Hear Res , vol.85 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 18-30
    • Nummela, S.1
  • 35
    • 0030619670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo
    • Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Holliday TW (1997) Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature 387(6629):173-176.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , Issue.6629 , pp. 173-176
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Trinkaus, E.2    Holliday, T.W.3
  • 36
    • 0842299590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: Implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences
    • Harvati K, Frost SR, McNulty KP (2004) Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: Implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(5):1147-1152.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 1147-1152
    • Harvati, K.1    Frost, S.R.2    McNulty, K.P.3
  • 37
    • 70349482681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa: Modern human origins special feature: The origin of Neandertals
    • Hublin J-J (2009) Out of Africa: Modern human origins special feature: The origin of Neandertals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(38):16022-16027.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , Issue.38 , pp. 16022-16027
    • Hublin, J.-J.1
  • 38
    • 0029664369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A late neanderthal associated with upper palaeolithic artefacts
    • Hublin J-J, Spoor F, Braun M, Zonneveld F, Condemi S (1996) A late Neanderthal associated with Upper Palaeolithic artefacts. Nature 381(6579):224-226.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , Issue.6579 , pp. 224-226
    • Hublin, J.-J.1    Spoor, F.2    Braun, M.3    Zonneveld, F.4    Condemi, S.5
  • 42
    • 77952675615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tympanic-membrane and malleus-incus-complex co-adaptations for high-frequency hearing in mammals
    • Puria S, Steele C (2010) Tympanic-membrane and malleus-incus-complex co-adaptations for high-frequency hearing in mammals. Hear Res 263(1-2):183-190.
    • (2010) Hear Res , vol.263 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 183-190
    • Puria, S.1    Steele, C.2
  • 43
    • 0015237137 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the evolution of hearing in vertebrates
    • Manley GA (1971) Some aspects of the evolution of hearing in vertebrates. Nature 230(5295):506-509.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.230 , Issue.5295 , pp. 506-509
    • Manley, G.A.1
  • 44
    • 0036789976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of the external, middle, and inner ears in determining the bandwidth of hearing
    • Ruggero MA, Temchin AN (2002) The roles of the external, middle, and inner ears in determining the bandwidth of hearing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(20):13206-13210.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , Issue.20 , pp. 13206-13210
    • Ruggero, M.A.1    Temchin, A.N.2
  • 45
    • 3042709661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain
    • Martínez I, et al. (2004) Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(27):9976-9981.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.27 , pp. 9976-9981
    • Martínez, I.1
  • 46
    • 84876717748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communicative capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain
    • Martínez I, et al. (2013) Communicative capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain. Quat Int 295:94-101.
    • (2013) Quat Int , vol.295 , pp. 94-101
    • Martínez, I.1
  • 47
    • 84961725717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins
    • Meyer M, et al. (2016) Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins. Nature 531(7595):504-507.
    • (2016) Nature , vol.531 , Issue.7595 , pp. 504-507
    • Meyer, M.1
  • 48
    • 1842428882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometrics and hominoid phylogeny: Support for a chimpanzee-human clade and differentiation among great ape subspecies
    • Lockwood CA, Kimbel WH, Lynch JM (2004) Morphometrics and hominoid phylogeny: Support for a chimpanzee-human clade and differentiation among great ape subspecies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(13):4356-4360.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.13 , pp. 4356-4360
    • Lockwood, C.A.1    Kimbel, W.H.2    Lynch, J.M.3
  • 50
    • 0034522976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration
    • Lieberman DE, Ross CF, Ravosa MJ (2000) The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration. Am J Phys Anthropol 31(Suppl):117-169.
    • (2000) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.31 , pp. 117-169
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Ross, C.F.2    Ravosa, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 0030858580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basicranial architecture and relative brain size of Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus) and other Plio-Pleistocene hominids
    • Spoor F (1997) Basicranial architecture and relative brain size of Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus) and other Plio-Pleistocene hominids. S AfrJ Sci 93:182-186.
    • (1997) S AfrJ Sci , vol.93 , pp. 182-186
    • Spoor, F.1
  • 52
    • 84455174802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the base of the brain in highly encephalized human species
    • Bastir M, et al. (2011) Evolution of the base of the brain in highly encephalized human species. Nat Commun 2:5-8.
    • (2011) Nat Commun , vol.2 , pp. 5-8
    • Bastir, M.1
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0036008148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fossil stapes from Sterkfontein, South Africa, and the hearing capabilities of early hominids
    • Moggi-Cecchi J, Collard M (2002) A fossil stapes from Sterkfontein, South Africa, and the hearing capabilities of early hominids. J Hum Evol 42(3):259-265.
    • (2002) J Hum Evol , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-265
    • Moggi-Cecchi, J.1    Collard, M.2
  • 55
    • 84878466009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early hominin auditory ossicles from South Africa
    • Quam RM, et al. (2013) Early hominin auditory ossicles from South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(22):8847-8851.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.110 , Issue.22 , pp. 8847-8851
    • Quam, R.M.1
  • 56
    • 0018780634 scopus 로고
    • Ear ossicle of Australopithecus robustus
    • Rak Y, Clarke RJ (1979) Ear ossicle of Australopithecus robustus. Nature 279(5708):62-63.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.279 , Issue.5708 , pp. 62-63
    • Rak, Y.1    Clarke, R.J.2
  • 57
    • 84899881782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of coding variation in the complete exomes of three Neandertals
    • Castellano S, et al. (2014) Patterns of coding variation in the complete exomes of three Neandertals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(18):6666-6671.
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.111 , Issue.18 , pp. 6666-6671
    • Castellano, S.1
  • 61
    • 69449097227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in geometric morphometrics
    • Mitteroecker P, Gunz P (2009) Advances in geometric morphometrics. Evol Biol 36(2):235-247.
    • (2009) Evol Biol , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-247
    • Mitteroecker, P.1    Gunz, P.2
  • 62
    • 0034001912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the past to predict the present: Confidence intervals for regression equations in phylogenetic comparative methods
    • Garland T, Jr, Ives AR (2000) Using the past to predict the present: Confidence intervals for regression equations in phylogenetic comparative methods. Am Nat 155(3):346-364.
    • (2000) Am Nat , vol.155 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-364
    • Garland, T.1    Ives, A.R.2
  • 63
    • 0035685482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative methods for the analysis of continuous variables: Geometric interpretations
    • Rohlf FJ (2001) Comparative methods for the analysis of continuous variables: Geometric interpretations. Evolution 55(11):2143-2160.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 2143-2160
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 64
    • 33748203042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comment on phylogenetic correction
    • Rohlf FJ (2006) A comment on phylogenetic correction. Evolution 60(7):1509-1515.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 1509-1515
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 65
    • 84939464084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro-CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples
    • De Greef D, et al. (2015) Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro-CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples. J Morphol 276(9):1025-1046.
    • (2015) J Morphol , vol.276 , Issue.9 , pp. 1025-1046
    • De Greef, D.1
  • 66
    • 77954217594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins
    • Endicott P, Ho SY, Stringer C (2010) Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins. J Hum Evol 59(1):87-95.
    • (2010) J Hum Evol , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-95
    • Endicott, P.1    Ho, S.Y.2    Stringer, C.3
  • 67
    • 84860388944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision dating of the Palaeolithic: A new radiocarbon chronology for the Abri Pataud (France), a key Aurignacian sequence
    • Higham T, et al. (2011) Precision dating of the Palaeolithic: A new radiocarbon chronology for the Abri Pataud (France), a key Aurignacian sequence. J Hum Evol 61(5):549-563.
    • (2011) J Hum Evol , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 549-563
    • Higham, T.1
  • 68
    • 0033102187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TL dates for the Neanderthal site of the Amud Cave, Israel
    • Valladas H, et al. (1999) TL dates for the Neanderthal site of the Amud Cave, Israel. J Archaeol Sci 26(3):259-268.
    • (1999) J Archaeol Sci , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-268
    • Valladas, H.1
  • 69
    • 0042595777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les fossiles de Cro-Magnon (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne). Nouvelles données sur leur position chronologique et leur attribution culturelle
    • Henry-Gambier D (2002) Les fossiles de Cro-Magnon (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne). Nouvelles données sur leur position chronologique et leur attribution culturelle. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris 14:89-112.
    • (2002) Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris , vol.14 , pp. 89-112
    • Henry-Gambier, D.1
  • 70
    • 0022845287 scopus 로고
    • U-series analyses of the lower travertine at Ehringsdorf, DDR
    • Blackwell B, Schwarcz HP (1986) U-series analyses of the lower travertine at Ehringsdorf, DDR. Quat Res 25(2):21-5-222.
    • (1986) Quat Res , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-222
    • Blackwell, B.1    Schwarcz, H.P.2
  • 72
    • 70549101287 scopus 로고
    • Essai de datation directe
    • eds Raynal JP, Pautrat Y La Nef, Bordeaux, France
    • Raynal JP (1990) Essai de datation directe. La Chapelle-aux-Saints et la Préhistoire en Corrèze, eds Raynal JP, Pautrat Y (La Nef, Bordeaux, France), pp 43-46.
    • (1990) La Chapelle-aux-Saints et la Préhistoire en Corrèze , pp. 43-46
    • Raynal, J.P.1
  • 73
    • 84906535757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance
    • Higham T, et al. (2014) The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance. Nature 512(7514):306-309.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.512 , Issue.7514 , pp. 306-309
    • Higham, T.1
  • 74
    • 33947425256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pech-de-l'Azé I Neandertal child: ESR, uranium-series, and AMS 14C dating of its MTA type B context
    • Soressi M, Jones HL, Rink WJ, Maureille B, Tillier AM (2007) The Pech-de-l'Azé I Neandertal child: ESR, uranium-series, and AMS 14C dating of its MTA type B context. J Hum Evol 52(4):455-466.
    • (2007) J Hum Evol , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-466
    • Soressi, M.1    Jones, H.L.2    Rink, W.J.3    Maureille, B.4    Tillier, A.M.5
  • 75
    • 0002833963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chronology of the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant
    • eds Akazawa T, Aoki K, Bar-Yosef O Plenum, New York
    • Bar-Yosef O (2002) The chronology of the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant. Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia, eds Akazawa T, Aoki K, Bar-Yosef O (Plenum, New York), pp 39-56.
    • (2002) Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia , pp. 39-56
    • Bar-Yosef, O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.