Hypothyroidism incidence in and around pregnancy: A Danish nationwide study

European Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 175, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 387-393

  Andersen, S L ^a   Carle A ^a   Olsen, J ^b   Laurberg, P ^a,c  

^a AALBORG UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^c AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITHYROID AGENT; THYROID HORMONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DANE (PEOPLE); DENMARK; FEMALE; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PARITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREGNANCY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIMIGRAVIDA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; ADOLESCENT; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; DENMARK; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; THYROID HORMONES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84991392563     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: 1479683X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-16-0446     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Effraimidis G & Wiersinga WM. Mechanisms in endocrinology: autoimmune thyroid disease: old and new players. European Journal of Endocrinology 2014 170 R241-R252. (doi:10.1530/EJE-14-0047)
2. Weetman AP Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2010 6 311-318. (doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.46)
3. Stagnaro-Green A. Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2012 97 334-342. (doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2576)
4. Andersen SL, Olsen J, Carle A & Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism incidence fluctuates widely in and around pregnancy and is at variance with some other autoimmune diseases: a Danish populationbased study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2015 100 1164-1171. (doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3588)
5. Amino N, Tada H & Hidaka Y. Postpartum autoimmune thyroid syndrome: a model of aggravation of autoimmune disease. Thyroid 1999 9 705-713. (doi:10.1089/thy.1999.9.705)
6. Premawardhana LD, Parkes AB, Ammari F, John R, Darke C, Adams H & Lazarus JH. Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 71-75. (doi:10.1210/jcem.85.1.6227)
7. Knudsen LB & Olsen J. The Danish medical birth registry. Danish Medical Bulletin 1998 45 320-323.
8. Carle A, Laurberg P, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB & Jorgensen T. Epidemiology of subtypes of hypothyroidism in Denmark. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 21-28. (doi:10.1530/eje.1.02068)
9. Kildemoes HW, Sorensen HT & Hallas J. The Danish national prescription registry. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2011 39 38-41. (doi:10.1177/1403494810394717)
10. Andersen TF, Madsen M, Jorgensen J, Mellemkjoer L & Olsen JH. The Danish national hospital register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences. Danish Medical Bulletin 1999 46 263-268.
11. Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L & Laurberg P. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in a large survey of populations with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. Clinical Endocrinology 2003 58 36-42. (doi:10.1046/j.13652265.2003.01633.x)
12. Amino N, Kuro R, Tanizawa O, Tanaka F, Hayashi C, Kotani K, Kawashima M, Miyai K & Kumahara Y. Changes of serum anti-thyroid antibodies during and after pregnancy in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 1978 31 30-37.
13. Jansson R, Bernander S, Karlsson A, Levin K & Nilsson G. Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in the postpartum period. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1984 58 681-687. (doi:10.1210/jcem-58-4-681)
14. Stagnaro-Green A, Roman SH, Cobin RH, el-Harazy E, Wallenstein S & Davies TF. A prospective study of lymphocyte-initiated immunosuppression in normal pregnancy: evidence of a T-cell etiology for postpartum thyroid dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1992 74 645-653. (doi:10.1210/jcem.74.3.1740500)
15. Nohr SB, Jorgensen A, Pedersen KM & Laurberg P. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in pregnant thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women living in an area with mild to moderate iodine deficiency: is iodine supplementation safe? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 3191-3198. (doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6799)
16. Laurberg P. Remission of Graves' disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism? European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 155 783-786. (doi:10.1530/eje.1.02295)
17. Amino N, Tanizawa O, Mori H, Iwatani Y, Yamada T, Kurachi K, Kumahara Y & Miyai K. Aggravation of thyrotoxicosis in early pregnancy and after delivery in Graves' disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1982 55 108-112. (doi:10.1210/jcem-551-108)
18. Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee MC, Klein I, Laurberg P, McDougall IR, Montori VM, Rivkees SA et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American thyroid association and American association of clinical endocrinologists. Thyroid 2011 21 593-646. (doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0417)
19. Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, Nixon A, Pearce EN, Soldin OP, Sullivan S et al. Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid 2011 21 1081-1125. (doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0087)
20. Carle A, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Rasmussen LB & Laurberg P. Development of autoimmune overt hypothyroidism is highly associated with live births and induced abortions but only in premenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2014 99 2241-2249. (doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4474)
21. Phillips DI, Lazarus JH & Butland BK. The influence of pregnancy and reproductive span on the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Clinical Endocrinology 1990 32 301-306. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00870.x)
22. Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Bulsara MK, O'Leary P, Leedman PJ, Feddema P & Michelangeli V. Parity and the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease: a community-based study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 5309-5312. (doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0771)
23. Bulow Pedersen I, Laurberg P, Knudsen N, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L & Rasmussen LB. Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 39-45. (doi:10.1530/eje.1.02070)
24. Strieder TG, Tijssen JG, Wenzel BE, Endert E & Wiersinga WM. Prediction of progression to overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease using the Thyroid Events Amsterdam (THEA) score. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008 168 1657-1663. (doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1657)
25. Friedrich N, Schwarz S, Thonack J, John U, Wallaschofski H & Volzke H. Association between parity and autoimmune thyroiditis in a general female population. Autoimmunity 2008 41 174-180. (doi:10.1080/08916930701777629)
26. Greer LG, Casey BM, Halvorson LM, Spong CY, McIntire DD & Cunningham FG. Antithyroid antibodies and parity: further evidence for microchimerism in autoimmune thyroid disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 205 471.e1-471.e4. (doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.060)
27. Bjergved L, Carle A, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Laurberg P, Krejbjerg A, Ovesen L, Bulow Pedersen I, Rasmussen LB & Knudsen N. Parity and 11-year serum thyrotropin and thyroid autoantibody change: a longitudinal population-based study. Thyroid 2016 26 203-211. (doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0279)