Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy

Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-170

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84991214731     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.17226/11977     Document Type: Book

References (125)

1. ACAA (American Coal Ash Association), 2005. 2005 Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use Survey. Available online at http://www.acaa-usa.org/PDF/2005_CCP_Production_and_ Use_Figures_Released_by_ACAA.pdf; accessed December 2006.
2. AGI (American Geological Institute), 1997. Dictionary of Mining, Mineral and Related Terms, 2nd ed. Alexandria, Va.: American Geological Institute.
3. Averitt, P., 1975. Coal Resources of the United States, January 1, 1974. U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1412; Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Interior, 131 pp.
4. BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics), 2006. Current Population Survey. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor. Available online at http://www.bls.gov/cps/; accessed March 2007.
5. BNSF (BNSF Railway Company), 2005. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Available online at http://www.bnsf. com/investors/secfilings/10K_railway_2005.pdf; accessed March 2007.
6. BP (British Petroleum), 2006. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2006. Available online at http://www.bp.com/multipleimagesection.do?categoryId=6840&contentId=7021557; accessed March 2007.
7. Bradshaw, J., S. Bachu, D. Bonijoly, R. Burruss, N.P. Christensen, O.M. Mathiassen, 2005. Draft Discussion Paper from the Task Force for Reviewing and Identifying Standards with Regards to CO2 Storage Capacity Measurement (Version 2). Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum, CLSF-T-2005-9; 16 pp. Available online at http://www.cslforum.org/documents/Taskforce: Storage_Capacity_Estimation_Version_2.pdf; accessed December 2006.
8. Bradshaw, J., S. Bachu, D. Bonijoly, R. Burruss, S. Holloway, N.P. Christensen, O.M. Mathiassen, 2006. CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technology. Trondheim, Norway, June 19-22; 5 pp.
9. Brennan, S.T., R.C. Burruss, 2006. Specific Sequestration Volumes: A Useful Tool for CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 03-452; 12 pp. Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-452/of03-452-tagged.pdf; accessed April 2007.
10. Bullinger, C., M. Ness, N. Sarunac, 2006. Coal creek prototype fluidized bed coal dryer: performance improvement, emissions reduction, operating experience. Presentation, 31st International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Clearwater, Fla., May 21-25. Available online at http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/cctc/ccpi/pubs/GRE/ GREClr06_1.pdf; accessed March 2007.
11. Burke, F., D. Carter, 2006. CURC/EPRI Technology Roadmap Update. Washington, D.C.: Coal Utilization Research Council (CURC) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), September 20. Available online at http://www.coal.org/PDFs/jointroadmap2006.pdf; accessed April 2007.
12. Carter, M.D., T.J. Rohrbacher, D.D. Teeters, D.C. Scott, L.M. Osmonson, G.A. Weisenfluh, E.I. Loud, R.S. Sites, A.G. Axon, M.E. Wolfe, L.J. Lentz, 2001. Coal Availability, Recoverability, Economic Evaluations of Coal Resources in the Northern and Central Appalachian Basin Coal Regions. Chapter J in: Northern and Central Appalachian Basin Coal Regions Assessment Team: 2000 Resource Assessment of Selected Coal Beds and Zones in the Northern and Central Appalachian Basin Coal Regions. Denver, Colo., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625-C, pp. J1-J43. Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1625c/; accessed June 2007.
13. CAST (Center for Advanced Separation Technologies), 2003. CAST Technology Roadmap. Available online at http://www.cast.org.vt.edu/Mission/roadmap2003.pdf; accessed April 2007.
14. DOE (Department of Energy), 2004. Program Facts: Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI). Available online at http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/cleancoal/ccpi/Prog052_4P.pdf; accessed March 2007.
15. DOE, 2005. The Value of Economic Dispatch. A Report to Congress Pursuant to Section 1234 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, November 7, 2005. Available online at http://www.oe.energy. gov/DocumentsandMedia/value.pdf; accessed February 2007.
16. DOE, 2006. National Electric Transmission Congestion Study, August 2006. Available online at http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/Congestion_Study_2006-9MB.pdf; accessed March 2007.
17. DOE, 2007. Technologies: Carbon Sequestration. Available online at http://www.netl.doe.gov/ technologies/carbon_seq/index.html; accessed February 2007.
18. DOE, 2007. Draft National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations. Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Federal Register, 72 (87) (May 7): 25837-25923.
19. DOE, 2007. Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada. Available online at http:// www.netl.doe.gov/publications/carbon_seq/atlas/ATLAS.pdf; accessed June 2007.
20. DOE/NRC (Department of Energy/Natural Resources Canada), 2004. Final Report on the August 14 , 2003 Blackout in the United States and Canada: Causes and Recommendations. U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force; 22 pp.
21. EC (European Commission), 2003. World Energy, Technology and Climate Policy Outlook 2030- WETO. EUR 20366; 137 pp. Available online at http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/weto_ final_report.pdf; accessed April 2007.
22. EIA (Energy Information Administration), 1999. U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update. Available online at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/052997.pdf; accessed March 2007.
23. EIA, 2005. Coal News and Markets, Week of May 15 , 2005. Available online at http://tonto.eia.doe. gov/FTPROOT/coal/newsmarket/coalmar050515.html; accessed February 2007.
24. EIA, 2005. Coal News and Markets, Week of May 22 , 2005. Available online at http://tonto.eia.doe. gov/FTPROOT/coal/newsmarket/coalmar050522.html; accessed February 2007.
25. EIA, 2005. Coal News and Markets, Week of November 6, 2005. Available online at http://tonto.eia. doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/newsmarket/coalmar051106.html; accessed February 2007.
26. EIA, 2005. Coal Production Data File, 2005. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/ page/coalpublic05.xls; accessed March 2007.
27. EIA, 2006. Annual Energy Review 2005. Report No. DOE/EIA-0384(2005). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html; accessed April 2007.
28. EIA, 2006. Annual Coal Report 2005. DOE/EIA-0584. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_sum.html; accessed March 2007.
29. EIA, 2006. U.S. Coal Consumption by End-Use Sector: Data for Second Quarter, 2006. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/html/t28p01p1.html; accessed December 2006.
30. EIA, 2006. Annual Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2030. DOE/EIA-0383(2006). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ archive/aeo06/pdf/0383(2006).pdf; accessed April 2007.
31. EIA, 2006. Energy Market Impacts of Alternative Greenhouse Gas Intensity Reduction Goals. SR/ OIAF/2006-01. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www. eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/agg/pdf/sroiaf(2006)01.pdf; accessed June 2007.
32. EIA, 2006. International Energy Outlook. DOE/EIA-0484(2006). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/archive/ieo06/pdf/0484(2006). pdf; accessed June 2007.
33. EIA, 2006. Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin State, Consumer, Destination and Method of Transportation, 2004. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/2004/d_04state.pdf; accessed February 2007.
34. EIA, 2006. Average Utility Contract Coal Transportation Rate per Ton-Mile by Transportation Mode, 1979 -1997. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http:// www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/ctrdb/tab37.html; accessed February 2007.
35. EIA, 2007. Annual Energy Outlook Retrospective Review: Evaluation of Projections in Past Editions (1982 -2006). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Available online at http://www.eia. doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/retrospective/pdf/0640(2006).pdf; accessed June 2007.
36. EIA, 2007. Glossary: Longwall Mining. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/glossary/ glossary_l.htm; accessed April 2007.
37. English, G., 2006. In the Matter of Discussions with Utility and Railroad Representatives on Market and Reliability Matters. Testimony before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Docket No. AD06-8-000, June 6.
38. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1997. The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 197 0 to 199 0. Available online at http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eermfile.nsf/vwAN/EE-0295- 1.pdf/$File/EE-0295-1.pdf/; accessed May 2006.
39. EPA, 1998. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1998. Available online at http://www. epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd98/; accessed March 2007.
40. EPA, 2005. Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone (Clean Air Interstate Rule); Revisions to Acid Rain Program; Revisions to the NOX SIP Call. Federal Register, 70 (91) (May 12): 25261-25310.
41. EPA, 2006. Fact Sheet: Final Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution (Particulate Matter). Available online at http://www.epa.gov/oar/particlepollution/ pdfs/20060921_factsheet.pdf; accessed September 2006.
42. EPA, 2006. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 199 0-2004. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads06/06_Complete_Report.pdf; accessed February 2007.
43. EPA, 2006. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter; Final Rule. Federal Register, 71 (200) (October 17): 61143-61233.
44. EPA, 2007. Air Quality and Emissions-Progress Continues in 2006. Available online at http://www. epa.gov/airtrends/econ-emissions.html; accessed May 2007.
45. EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute), 2006. Competitiveness of Coal-What Is Being Planned? Presentation by Stu Dalton, Gulf Coast Power Association, April 6. Available online at http:// www.gulfcoastpower.org/default/s06-dalton.pdf; accessed June 2007.
46. EPRI, 2006. Feasibility Study for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Facility at a Texas Site. Report No.1014510, Palo Alto, Calif.: EPRI, October. Available online at http://www. epriweb.com/public/000000000001014510.pdf; accessed June 2007.
47. ExxonMobil, 2005. The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2030. Available online at http://library.corporateir. net/library/11/115/115024/items/176641/2005%20Energy%20Outlook-WB-12-9-05.pdf; accessed March 2007.
48. Feeley, T.J., III, 2006. U.S. DO E's Hg Control Technology R&D Program Review. Presentation, 2006 Mercury Control Technology Conference, December 11-13. Available online at http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/06/mercury/presentations/Feeley_Overview- Presentation_121106.pdf; accessed March 2007.
49. Fiscor, S., 2005. Prep plant population rebounds: U.S. Prep Plant Census 2005. Coal Age (October): 20-26, 30-31.
50. FRA (Federal Railroad Administration), 2004. Impact of the Staggers Rail Act of 198 0. Available online at http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/policy/staggers_rail_act_impact.pdf; accessed March 2007.
51. FRA, 2006. Statement of the Honorable Joseph H. Boardman, Federal Railroad Administrator before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Railroads, April 26. Available online at http://www.fra.dot.gov/downloads/pubaffairs/ capacity_final.pdf; accessed February 2007.
52. Frailey, S.M., R.J. Finley, T.S. Hickman, 2006. CO2 sequestration: Storage capacity guideline needed. Oil and Gas Journal Online, 104(30); 8 pp. Available online at http://www.ogj.com/ currentissue/index.cfm?p=7&v=104&i=30; accessed June 2007.
53. Freme, F., 2006. U.S. Coal Supply and Demand: 2005 Review. Washington, D.C., U.S. Energy Information Administration; 14 pp. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/ special/feature05.pdf; accessed June 2007.
54. Gale, J., J. Davidson, 2004. Transmission of CO2-Safety and economic considerations. Energy, 29: 1319-1328.
55. Hamberger, E.R., 2006. In the Matter of Discussions with Utility and Railroad Representatives on Market and Reliability Matters, Testimony the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Docket No. AD06-8-000, June 15. Available online at http://www.aar.org/PubCommon/Documents/ Testimony/AAR%20FERC%20Final.pdf; accessed March 2007.
56. IEA (International Energy Agency), 2004. World Energy Outlook, 2004. Paris: International Energy Agency; 577 pp.
57. IEA, 2006. World Energy Outlook, 2006. Paris: International Energy Agency; 600 pp.
58. IEA, 2006. Energy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios & Strategies to 2050. Paris: International Energy Agency; 484 pp.
59. IEAGHG (International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme), 2006. Estimating Future Trends in the Cost of CO2 Capture Technologies. Report No. 2006/5. Prepared by Carnegie Mellon University, Cheltenham, U.K.
60. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, C.A. Johnson (eds.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; 881 pp.
61. IPCC, 2005. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. B. Metz, O. Davidson, H.C. de Coninck, M. Loos, L.A. Meyer (eds.). IPCC Special Report. New York: Cambridge University Press; 442 pp.
62. IPCC, 2007. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor, H.L. Miller (eds.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
63. IWUB (Inland Waterway Users Board), 2005. IWUB 19 th Annual Report to the Secretary of the Army and the United States Congress. Available online at http://www.iwub.iwr.usace.army.mil/ IWUBReport2005.pdf; accessed March 2007.
64. KGS (Kentucky Geological Survey), 2006. Methods of Mining. Available online at http://www.uky. edu/kgs/coal/coal_mining.htm, accessed February 2007.
65. Knoy, M., 2006. Shaping a better future for waterways interests. Presentation to the Inland Waterways Navigational Conference, Memphis, Tenn., March 14-16.
66. Kowalski, C.A., 2005. KFx Clean Coal Technology. Presentation to Indiana Department of Environmental Management. Available online at http://www.in.gov/idem/programs/air/workgroups/ mercury/feb05/idem_final.ppt#276; accessed March 2007.
67. LCA (Lake Carriers' Association), 2006. Press release: Great Lakes Coal Trade Down 2.1 percent in 2006. Available online at http://www.lcaships.com/coal1206-text.pdf; accessed March 2007.
68. McGinty, K.A., 2004. Waste coal incentives. Testimony before the Pennsylvania Senate Environmental Resources and Energy Committee, September 8. Available online at http://www.depweb. state.pa.us/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=474575; accessed March 2007.
69. McLennan, R., 2006. Testimony before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, May 25. Available online at http://energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings. Testimony&Hearing_ID=1560&Witness_ID=4407; accessed June 2007.
70. Merritt, R.D., C.C. Hawley, 1986. Map of Alaska's Coal Resources. Fairbanks: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Special Report 37. MIOF (Mining Industry of the Future), 2000. Mineral Processing Technology Roadmap, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; 20 pp.
71. Mohl, W., 2006. In the Matter of Discussions with Utility and Railroad Representatives on Market and Reliability Matters. Testimony before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Docket No. AD06-8-000, June 6.
72. MSTTC (Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission), 2006. Improving Mine Safety Technology and Training: Establishing U.S. Global Leadership. Available online at http://www. coalminingsafety.org/documents/msttc_report.pdf; accessed June 2007.
73. NARUC (National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners), 2006. Resolution Urging Legal and Regulatory Reform to Improve Railroad Shipper Rates and Quality of Service, adopted February 16. Available online at http://www.naruc.org/associations/1773/files/EL-3Reformto ImproveRailroadShipperRates.pdf; accessed June 2007.
74. NAS (National Academy of Sciences), 2005. Joint Science Academies' Statement: Global Response to Climate Change. Statement of science academies of Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom, the United States, June 7. Available online at http://nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf; accessed December 2006.
75. NCC, 2006. Coal: America's Energy Future, Volumes I and II. Washington, D.C.: National Coal Council; 132 pp and 105 pp.
76. NCEP (National Commission on Energy Policy), 2004. Ending the Energy Stalemate: A Bipartisan Strategy to Meet America's Energy Challenges. Washington, D.C.: National Commission on Energy Policy; 128 pp.
77. NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management), 2005. Assessment of Control Technology Options for BART-Eligible Sources: Steam Electric Boilers, Industrial Boilers, Cement Plants and Paper and Pulp Facilities. Available online at http://www.nescaum.org/ documents/bart-control-assessment.pdf; accessed December 2006.
78. NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory), 2006. Key Issues and Mandates. Available online at http://www.netl.doe.gov/KeyIssues/index.html; accessed February 2006.
79. NETL, 2006. International Carbon Capture and Storage Projects Overcoming Legal Barriers. Report No. DOE/NETL-2006/1236. Prepared by Science Applications International Corporation for U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, W. Va., National Energy Technology Laboratory, June 23.
80. NETL, 2007. Tracking New Coal-fired Power Plants: Coal's Resurgence in Electric Power Generation. Available online at http://www.netl.doe.gov/coal/refshelf/ncp.pdf; accessed March 2007.
81. NMA (National Mining Association), 1998. The Future Begins with Mining. Washington, D.C.: National Mining Association; 17 pp.
82. NMA, 2006. 2005 Coal Producer Survey. Available online at http://www.nma.org/pdf/coal_ producer_survey2005.pdf; accessed March 2007.
83. NMA, 2006. Trends in U.S. Coal Mining, 1923 -2005. Available online at http://www.nma.org/pdf/ c_trends_mining.pdf; accessed February 2007.
84. NRC (National Research Council), 1975. Underground Disposal of Coal Mine Wastes. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 172 pp.
85. NRC, 1981. Disposal of Excess Spoil from Coal Mining and the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 207 pp.
86. NRC, 1994. Drilling and Excavation Technologies for the Future. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 176 pp.
87. NRC, 1995. Coal: Energy for the Future. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 304 pp.
88. NRC, 1996. Mineral Resources and Sustainability: Challenges for Earth Scientists. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 26 pp.
89. NRC, 1999. Meeting U.S. Energy Resource Needs: The Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 80 pp.
90. NRC, 2000. Vision 21: Fossil Fuel Options for the Future. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 158 pp.
91. NRC, 2001. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 42 pp.
92. NRC, 2002. Coal Waste Impoundments: Risks, Responses, Alternatives. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 244 pp.
93. NRC, 2002. Evolutionary and Revolutionary Technologies for Mining. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 102 pp.
94. NRC, 2002. Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 170 pp.
95. NRC, 2003. Review of DO E's Vision 21 Research and Development Program-Phase 1. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 108 pp.
96. NRC, 2003. The Carbon Dioxide Dilemma: Promising Technologies and Policies. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 150 pp.
97. NRC, 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, R&D Needs. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 256 pp.
98. NRC, 2004. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 118 pp.
99. NRC, 2005. Interim Report of the Committee on Changes in New Source Review Programs for Stationary Sources of Air Pollutants. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 242 pp.
100. NRC, 2005. Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 208 pp.
101. NRC, 2006. Managing Coal Combustion Residues in Mines. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 256 pp.
102. NRC, 2007. Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 590 pp.
103. NRC, 2007. Mining Safety and Health Research at NIOSH. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 228 pp.
104. NTIS (National Technical Information Service), 2007. Bureau of Mines Publications and Journal Articles 191 0-1996. Available online at http://www.ntis.gov/products/specialty/bom.asp?loc=4- 5-1; accessed May 2007.
105. NYC (New York City Energy Policy Task Force), 2004. New York City Energy Policy: An Electricity Resource Roadmap. Available online at http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/energy_task_force. pdf; accessed June 2007.
106. PDEP (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection), 2002. Report of the Governor's Commission on Quecreek Inundation. Available online at http://www.dep.state.pa.us/hosting/ minesafetycommission/; accessed February 2007.
107. Peterson, D.J., T. LaTourrette, J.T. Bartis, 2001. New Forces at Work in Mining: Industrial Views of Critical Technologies. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation, Science and Technology Policy Institute; 92 pp.
108. PJM (PJM Interconnection, LLC), 2007. PJM 2006 Regional Transmission Expansion Plan, version 1, February 27. Available online at http://www.pjm.com/planning/reg-trans-exp-plan.html; accessed June 2007.
109. Rubin, E.S., 2007. An Overview of CO2 Capture Technology for Fossil Fuel Power Plants. Presentation to EPA Advanced Coal Technology Work Group. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/air/caaac/coaltech/2007_02_rubin. pdf; accessed March 2007.
110. Rubin, E.S., S. Yeh, M. Antes, M. Berkenpas, J. Davison, 2007. Use of experience curves to estimate the future cost of power plants with CO2 capture. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 1(2): 188-197.
111. STAPP A/ALAPCO (State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials), 2005. Regulating Mercury from Power Plants: A Model Rule for States and Localities. Available online at http://www.4cleanair.org/FinalMercury ModelRule-111405.pdf; accessed December 2006.
112. TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), 2005. Final Environmental Assessment, Gallatin Fossil Plant Rail Coal Unloading and Blending Facility. Available online at http://www.tva.gov/environment/ reports/gallatin/fea.pdf; accessed March 2007.
113. UPC (Union Pacific Corporation), 2006. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, February 24, 2006. Available online at http://www.up.com/investors/attachments/secfiling/2006/upc10k_022406.pdf; accessed March 2007.
114. UPC/BNSF (Union Pacific Corporation and BNSF Railway Company), 2006. UP, BNSF Announce Southern Powder River Basin Joint Line $100 Million Capacity Expansion Plan. Press release, May 8. Available online at http://www.uprr.com/newsinfo/releases/capital_ investment/2006/0508_sprb.shtml; accessed March 2007.
115. USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), 2006. Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Calendar Year 2004. Part 5-National Summaries. Available online at http://www.iwr.usace.army. mil/ndc/wcsc/pdf/wcusnatl04.pdf; accessed December 2006.
116. USBM (U.S. Bureau of Mines), 1975. The Reserve Base of U.S. Coals by Sulfur Content, Part I: The Eastern States. Information Circular 8680. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior.
117. USBM, 1975. The Reserve Base of U.S. Coals by Sulfur Content, Part II: The Western States. Information Circular 8693. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior.
118. USDOI (U.S. Department of the Interior), 1976. Coal Resource Classification System of the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey Bulletin 1450-B. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior. Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b1450b/ b1450.htm; accessed June 2007.
119. Watzmann, B., 2004. The Aging of the Energy and Minerals Workforce: A Crisis in the Making? Statement before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Resources, Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. Available online at http://www.nma.org/pdf/cong_test/ watzman_070804.pdf; accessed February 2007.
120. WEC (World Energy Council), 2004. 2004 Survey of Energy Resources, 20th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 464 pp.
121. WEC, 2006. Energy Data Centre, Global Energy Scenarios to 2050 and Beyond. Available online at http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/edc/scenario.asp; accessed December 2006.
122. Wilkes, D., 2006. Coal-Based Generation Reliability. Testimony before U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, May 25. Available online at http://energy.senate.gov/public/ index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Testimony&Hearing_ID=1560&Witness_ID=4410; accessed June 2007.
123. Winschel, R.A., 1990. The relationship of carbon dioxide emissions with coal rank and sulfur content. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 40: 861-865.
124. Wise, M., J. Dooley, R. Dahowski, C. Davidson, 2007. Modeling the impacts of climate policy on the deployment of carbon dioxide capture and geologic storage across electric power regions in the United States. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 1(2): 261-270.
125. Wood, G.H., Jr., T.M. Kehn, M.D. Carter, W.C. Culbertson, 1983. Coal Resource Classification System of the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891, Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 65 pp.