메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 115, Issue , 2016, Pages 1092-1108

Development of a modified equilibrium model for biomass pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier performance predictions

Author keywords

Experimental validation; Fluidized bed gasification; Non equilibrium model; Tar analysis; Thermodynamic

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CALORIFIC VALUE; CARBON; FERTILIZERS; FLUIDIZATION; FORECASTING; FREE ENERGY; GASIFICATION; GIBBS FREE ENERGY; MANURES; SYNTHESIS GAS; TAR; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMICS; WOOD PRODUCTS;

EID: 84991045250     PISSN: 03605442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.079     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 84859216357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) using NiO supported on modified dolomite
    • [1] Wang, J., Cheng, G., You, Y., Xiao, B., Liu, S., He, P., et al. Hydrogen-rich gas production by steam gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) using NiO supported on modified dolomite. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37 (2012), 6503–6510.
    • (2012) Int J Hydrogen Energy , vol.37 , pp. 6503-6510
    • Wang, J.1    Cheng, G.2    You, Y.3    Xiao, B.4    Liu, S.5    He, P.6
  • 2
    • 0035427842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of performance of a downdraft gasifier using equilibrium modeling for different biomass materials
    • [2] Zainal, Z.A., Ali, R., Lean, C.H., Seetharamu, K.N., Prediction of performance of a downdraft gasifier using equilibrium modeling for different biomass materials. Energy Convers Manage 42 (2001), 1499–1515.
    • (2001) Energy Convers Manage , vol.42 , pp. 1499-1515
    • Zainal, Z.A.1    Ali, R.2    Lean, C.H.3    Seetharamu, K.N.4
  • 3
    • 0037562597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the working parameters of a wood waste through an equilibrium model
    • [3] Altafini, C.R., Wander, P.R., Barreto, R.M., Prediction of the working parameters of a wood waste through an equilibrium model. Energy Convers Manage 44 (2003), 2763–2777.
    • (2003) Energy Convers Manage , vol.44 , pp. 2763-2777
    • Altafini, C.R.1    Wander, P.R.2    Barreto, R.M.3
  • 4
    • 51749089542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance prediction and validation of equilibrium modeling for gasification of cashew nut shell char
    • [4] Ramanan, V.M., Lakshmanan, E., Sethumadhavan, R., Renganarayanan, S., Performance prediction and validation of equilibrium modeling for gasification of cashew nut shell char. Braz J Chem Eng 25:03 (2008), 558–601.
    • (2008) Braz J Chem Eng , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 558-601
    • Ramanan, V.M.1    Lakshmanan, E.2    Sethumadhavan, R.3    Renganarayanan, S.4
  • 5
    • 39749133617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium modeling of global reduction reactions for a downdraft (biomass) gasifier
    • [5] Sharma, A.K., Equilibrium modeling of global reduction reactions for a downdraft (biomass) gasifier. Energy Convers Manage 49 (2008), 832–842.
    • (2008) Energy Convers Manage , vol.49 , pp. 832-842
    • Sharma, A.K.1
  • 6
    • 33750062622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of a gasifying process
    • [6] Melgar, A., Perez, J.F., Laget, H., Horillo, A., Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of a gasifying process. Energy Convers Manage 48 (2007), 59–67.
    • (2007) Energy Convers Manage , vol.48 , pp. 59-67
    • Melgar, A.1    Perez, J.F.2    Laget, H.3    Horillo, A.4
  • 7
    • 56049122413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three zone equilibrium and kinetic free modeling of biomass gasifier – a novel approach
    • [7] Ratnadhariya, J.K., Channiwala, S.A., Three zone equilibrium and kinetic free modeling of biomass gasifier – a novel approach. Renew Energy 34 (2009), 1050–1058.
    • (2009) Renew Energy , vol.34 , pp. 1050-1058
    • Ratnadhariya, J.K.1    Channiwala, S.A.2
  • 8
    • 34250350438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic equilibrium model and second law analysis of a downdraft waste gasifier
    • [8] Jarungthammachote, S., Dutta, A., Thermodynamic equilibrium model and second law analysis of a downdraft waste gasifier. Energy 32 (2007), 1660–1669.
    • (2007) Energy , vol.32 , pp. 1660-1669
    • Jarungthammachote, S.1    Dutta, A.2
  • 9
    • 43049091839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium modeling of gasification: Gibbs free energy minimization approach and its application to spouted bed and spot-fluid bed gasifiers
    • [9] Jarungthammachote, S., Dutta, A., Equilibrium modeling of gasification: Gibbs free energy minimization approach and its application to spouted bed and spot-fluid bed gasifiers. Energy Convers Manage 49 (2008), 1345–1356.
    • (2008) Energy Convers Manage , vol.49 , pp. 1345-1356
    • Jarungthammachote, S.1    Dutta, A.2
  • 10
    • 78649506412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass – modeling and experiment
    • [10] Loha, C., Chatterjee, P.K., Chattopadhyay, H., Performance of fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass – modeling and experiment. Energy Convers Manage 52 (2011), 1583–1588.
    • (2011) Energy Convers Manage , vol.52 , pp. 1583-1588
    • Loha, C.1    Chatterjee, P.K.2    Chattopadhyay, H.3
  • 11
    • 77957052803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and analysis of biomass gasification models
    • [11] Puig-Arnavat, M., Bruno, J.C., Coronas, A., Review and analysis of biomass gasification models. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14:9 (2010), 2841–2851.
    • (2010) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 2841-2851
    • Puig-Arnavat, M.1    Bruno, J.C.2    Coronas, A.3
  • 12
    • 84860882528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an equilibrium model for the simulation of thermochemical gasification and application to agricultural residues
    • [12] Emanuele, A., Mirko, M., Michele, P., Development of an equilibrium model for the simulation of thermochemical gasification and application to agricultural residues. Renew Energy 46 (2012), 248–254.
    • (2012) Renew Energy , vol.46 , pp. 248-254
    • Emanuele, A.1    Mirko, M.2    Michele, P.3
  • 13
    • 0035203114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium modeling of gasification: a free energy minimization approach and its application to a circulating fluidized bed coal gasifier
    • [13] Li, X.T., Grace, J.R., Watkinson, A.P., Lim, C.J., Ergudenler, A., Equilibrium modeling of gasification: a free energy minimization approach and its application to a circulating fluidized bed coal gasifier. Fuel 80 (2001), 195–207.
    • (2001) Fuel , vol.80 , pp. 195-207
    • Li, X.T.1    Grace, J.R.2    Watkinson, A.P.3    Lim, C.J.4    Ergudenler, A.5
  • 14
    • 77953208068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification modelling: an equilibrium model, modified to reproduce the operation of actual reactors
    • [Orlando, Florida, USA]
    • [14] Damiani, L., Trucco, A., Biomass gasification modelling: an equilibrium model, modified to reproduce the operation of actual reactors. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2009: power for land, sea and air, 2009 [Orlando, Florida, USA].
    • (2009) Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2009: power for land, sea and air
    • Damiani, L.1    Trucco, A.2
  • 15
    • 84891610248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of various operational parameters on biomass gasification process; a modified equilibrium model
    • [15] Ghassemi, H., Shahsavan-Markadeh, R., Effects of various operational parameters on biomass gasification process; a modified equilibrium model. Energy Convers Manage 79 (2014), 18–24.
    • (2014) Energy Convers Manage , vol.79 , pp. 18-24
    • Ghassemi, H.1    Shahsavan-Markadeh, R.2
  • 16
    • 84856588307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasification of biomass in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier – a realistic model including tar
    • [16] Barman, N.S., Ghosh, S., De, Sudipta, Gasification of biomass in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier – a realistic model including tar. Bioresour Technol 107 (2012), 505–511.
    • (2012) Bioresour Technol , vol.107 , pp. 505-511
    • Barman, N.S.1    Ghosh, S.2    De, S.3
  • 18
    • 67650732177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of air preheating in a biomass CFB gasifier using ASPEN Plus simulation
    • [18] Doherty, W., Reynolds, A., Kennedy, D., The effect of air preheating in a biomass CFB gasifier using ASPEN Plus simulation. Biomass Bioenergy 33 (2009), 1158–1167.
    • (2009) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.33 , pp. 1158-1167
    • Doherty, W.1    Reynolds, A.2    Kennedy, D.3
  • 19
    • 84944789797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arpornwichanop. Analysis of synthesis gas production with a flexible H2/CO ratio from rice straw gasification
    • [19] Im-orb, K., Simasatitkul, L., Arpornwichanop. Analysis of synthesis gas production with a flexible H2/CO ratio from rice straw gasification. Fuel 164 (2016), 361–373.
    • (2016) Fuel , vol.164 , pp. 361-373
    • Im-orb, K.1    Simasatitkul, L.2
  • 20
    • 0035284940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass steam gasification – an extensive parametric modeling study
    • [20] Schuster, G., Lofller, G., Weigl, K., Hofbauer, H., Biomass steam gasification – an extensive parametric modeling study. Bioresour Technol 77 (2001), 71–79.
    • (2001) Bioresour Technol , vol.77 , pp. 71-79
    • Schuster, G.1    Lofller, G.2    Weigl, K.3    Hofbauer, H.4
  • 21
    • 84941928273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified Gibbs free energy minimization model for fluid bed coal gasification
    • [21] Ściążko, M., Stępień, L., A modified Gibbs free energy minimization model for fluid bed coal gasification. Chem Process Eng 36:1 (2015), 73–87.
    • (2015) Chem Process Eng , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-87
    • Ściążko, M.1    Stępień, L.2
  • 23
    • 0041923986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of experimental conditions on co-gasification of coal, biomass and plastics wastes with air/steam mixtures in a fluidized bed system
    • [23] Pinto, F., Franco, C., Rui, N.A., Tavares, C., Dias, M., Gulyurtlu, I., et al. Effect of experimental conditions on co-gasification of coal, biomass and plastics wastes with air/steam mixtures in a fluidized bed system. Fuel 82 (2003), 1967–1976.
    • (2003) Fuel , vol.82 , pp. 1967-1976
    • Pinto, F.1    Franco, C.2    Rui, N.A.3    Tavares, C.4    Dias, M.5    Gulyurtlu, I.6
  • 24
    • 62649160382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier
    • [24] Sheth, P.N., Babu, B.V., Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier. Bioresour Technol 100 (2009), 3127–3133.
    • (2009) Bioresour Technol , vol.100 , pp. 3127-3133
    • Sheth, P.N.1    Babu, B.V.2
  • 25
    • 60949084761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on 75 kWth downdraft (biomass) gasifier system
    • [25] Sharma, A.K., Experimental study on 75 kWth downdraft (biomass) gasifier system. Renew Energy 34 (2009), 1726–1733.
    • (2009) Renew Energy , vol.34 , pp. 1726-1733
    • Sharma, A.K.1
  • 27
    • 84939864927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidized bed gasification of high tonnage sorghum, cotton gin trash and beef cattle manure: evaluation of synthesis gas production
    • [27] Maglinao, A.L. Jr., Capareda, S.C., Nam, H., Fluidized bed gasification of high tonnage sorghum, cotton gin trash and beef cattle manure: evaluation of synthesis gas production. Energy Convers Manag 105 (2015), 578–587.
    • (2015) Energy Convers Manag , vol.105 , pp. 578-587
    • Maglinao, A.L.1    Capareda, S.C.2    Nam, H.3
  • 28
    • 84960374796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enriched-air fluidized bed gasification using bench and pilot scale reactors of dairy manure with sand bedding based on response surface methods
    • [28] Nam, H., Maglinao, A.L. Jr., Capareda, S.C., Rodriguez-Alejandro, D.A., Enriched-air fluidized bed gasification using bench and pilot scale reactors of dairy manure with sand bedding based on response surface methods. Energy 95 (2016), 187–199.
    • (2016) Energy , vol.95 , pp. 187-199
    • Nam, H.1    Maglinao, A.L.2    Capareda, S.C.3    Rodriguez-Alejandro, D.A.4
  • 30
    • 84960364395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMERYS Refractory Minerals
    • ® grains and flours, 2015, IMERYS Refractory Minerals.
    • (2015) ® grains and flours
  • 31
    • 84951272897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a segregated municipal solid waste gasification system for electrical power generation
    • Texas A&M University
    • [31] Maglinao, A.L. Jr., Development of a segregated municipal solid waste gasification system for electrical power generation. 2013, Texas A&M University.
    • (2013)
    • Maglinao, A.L.1
  • 32
    • 84455212469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling and analysis of tar and particles in biomass producer gases
    • Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands report ECN-C—06-046
    • [32] van de Kamp, W., de Wild, P., Knoef, H., Neeft, J., Kiel, J., Sampling and analysis of tar and particles in biomass producer gases., 2005, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands report ECN-C—06-046.
    • (2005)
    • van de Kamp, W.1    de Wild, P.2    Knoef, H.3    Neeft, J.4    Kiel, J.5
  • 33
    • 0003686234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to combustion
    • second ed. McGraw Hill
    • [33] Turns, S.R., Introduction to combustion. second ed., 2000, McGraw Hill.
    • (2000)
    • Turns, S.R.1
  • 34
    • 0003865827 scopus 로고
    • Coefficients for calculating thermodynamic and transport properties of individual species
    • NASA Technical Memorandum 4513, NASA
    • [34] McBride, B.J., Gordon, S., Reno, M.A., Coefficients for calculating thermodynamic and transport properties of individual species. 1993, NASA Technical Memorandum 4513, NASA.
    • (1993)
    • McBride, B.J.1    Gordon, S.2    Reno, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 1642577314 scopus 로고
    • JANAF “thermochemical tables”
    • NSRDA - NBS 37
    • [35] Stull, D.R., Prophet, H., JANAF “thermochemical tables”. NSRDA - NBS 37, 1971.
    • (1971)
    • Stull, D.R.1    Prophet, H.2
  • 36
    • 84858893358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perry's chemical engineers handbook, 7th MGH international edition
    • NY
    • [36] Perry, R.H., Green, D.W., Perry's chemical engineers handbook, 7th MGH international edition. 1998 NY.
    • (1998)
    • Perry, R.H.1    Green, D.W.2
  • 37
    • 13344251609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biopower technical assessment: state of the industry and Technology
    • NREL Rep. TP-510-33123 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO
    • [37] Bain, R.L., Amos, W.A., Downing, Perlack, R.L., Biopower technical assessment: state of the industry and Technology. NREL Rep. TP-510-33123, 2003, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 277.
    • (2003) , pp. 277
    • Bain, R.L.1    Amos, W.A.2    Downing3    Perlack, R.L.4
  • 38
    • 84896391669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of biomass downdraft gasifier: stoichiometric models
    • [38] Mendiburu, A.Z., Carvalho, J.A. Jr., Coronado, C.J.R., Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of biomass downdraft gasifier: stoichiometric models. Energy 66 (2014), 189–201.
    • (2014) Energy , vol.66 , pp. 189-201
    • Mendiburu, A.Z.1    Carvalho, J.A.2    Coronado, C.J.R.3
  • 39
    • 84901066137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling biomass char gasification kinetics for improving prediction of carbon conversion in a fluidized bed gasifier
    • [39] Kramb, J., Konttinen, J., Gómez-Barea, A., Moilanen, A., Umeki, K., Modeling biomass char gasification kinetics for improving prediction of carbon conversion in a fluidized bed gasifier. Fuel 132 (2014), 107–115.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.132 , pp. 107-115
    • Kramb, J.1    Konttinen, J.2    Gómez-Barea, A.3    Moilanen, A.4    Umeki, K.5
  • 40
    • 0036558114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
    • [40] Channiwala, S.A., Parikh, P.P., A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel 81 (2002), 1051–1063.
    • (2002) Fuel , vol.81 , pp. 1051-1063
    • Channiwala, S.A.1    Parikh, P.P.2
  • 41
    • 49049108306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasification and co-gasification of biomass wastes: effect of the biomass origin and the gasifier operating conditions
    • [41] Lapuerta, M., Hernández, J.J., Pazo, Alim, López, J., Gasification and co-gasification of biomass wastes: effect of the biomass origin and the gasifier operating conditions. Fuel Process Technol 89 (2008), 828–837.
    • (2008) Fuel Process Technol , vol.89 , pp. 828-837
    • Lapuerta, M.1    Hernández, J.J.2    Pazo, A.3    López, J.4
  • 42
    • 78751650238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasification of high moisture rubber woodchip with rubber waste in a bubbling fluidized bed
    • [42] Kaewluan, S., Pipatmanomai, S., Gasification of high moisture rubber woodchip with rubber waste in a bubbling fluidized bed. Fuel Process Technol 92 (2011), 671–677.
    • (2011) Fuel Process Technol , vol.92 , pp. 671-677
    • Kaewluan, S.1    Pipatmanomai, S.2
  • 43
    • 84860882528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an equilibrium model for the simulation of thermochemical gasification and application to agricultural residues
    • [43] Azzone, E., Morini, M., Pinelli, M., Development of an equilibrium model for the simulation of thermochemical gasification and application to agricultural residues. Renew Energy 46 (2012), 248–254.
    • (2012) Renew Energy , vol.46 , pp. 248-254
    • Azzone, E.1    Morini, M.2    Pinelli, M.3
  • 44
    • 78650699804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidized bed gasification of select granular biomaterials
    • [44] Subramanian, P., Venkatachalam, A.S.P., Fluidized bed gasification of select granular biomaterials. Bioresour Technol 102 (2011), 1914–1920.
    • (2011) Bioresour Technol , vol.102 , pp. 1914-1920
    • Subramanian, P.1    Venkatachalam, A.S.P.2
  • 45
    • 80052265275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation for dual circulating fluidized-bed steam gasifier of biomass using quasiequilibrium three-stage gasification model
    • [45] Ngo, S.I., Nguyen, T.D.B., Lim, Y., Song, B., Lee, U., Choi, Y., et al. Performance evaluation for dual circulating fluidized-bed steam gasifier of biomass using quasiequilibrium three-stage gasification model. Appl Energy 88 (2011), 5208–5220.
    • (2011) Appl Energy , vol.88 , pp. 5208-5220
    • Ngo, S.I.1    Nguyen, T.D.B.2    Lim, Y.3    Song, B.4    Lee, U.5    Choi, Y.6
  • 46
    • 80755184741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-stage steady-state model for biomass gasification in a dual circulating fluidized-bed
    • [46] Nguyen, Ngo S.I., Lim, Y.I., Lee, J.W., Lee, U.D., Song, B.H., Three-stage steady-state model for biomass gasification in a dual circulating fluidized-bed. Energy Convers Manag 54 (2012), 100–112.
    • (2012) Energy Convers Manag , vol.54 , pp. 100-112
    • Nguyen, N.S.I.1    Lim, Y.I.2    Lee, J.W.3    Lee, U.D.4    Song, B.H.5
  • 47
    • 84902537673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of a biomass downdraft gasifier: constrained and unconstrained non-stoichiometric models
    • [47] Mendiburu, A.Z., Carvalho, J.A. Jr., Zanzi, R., Coronado, C.R.C., Silveira, J.L., Thermochemical equilibrium modeling of a biomass downdraft gasifier: constrained and unconstrained non-stoichiometric models. Energy 71 (2014), 624–637.
    • (2014) Energy , vol.71 , pp. 624-637
    • Mendiburu, A.Z.1    Carvalho, J.A.2    Zanzi, R.3    Coronado, C.R.C.4    Silveira, J.L.5
  • 48
    • 84878346431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of gas composition and char conversion in a fluidized bed biomass gasifier
    • [48] Gómez-Barea, A., Leckner, B., Estimation of gas composition and char conversion in a fluidized bed biomass gasifier. Fuel 107 (2013), 419–431.
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.107 , pp. 419-431
    • Gómez-Barea, A.1    Leckner, B.2
  • 49
    • 84894425089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pyrolysis parameters on hydrogen formations from biomass: a review
    • [49] Nasir-Uddin, M., Wan-Daud, W.M.A., Abbas, H.F., Effects of pyrolysis parameters on hydrogen formations from biomass: a review. RSC Adv 4 (2014), 10467–10490.
    • (2014) RSC Adv , vol.4 , pp. 10467-10490
    • Nasir-Uddin, M.1    Wan-Daud, W.M.A.2    Abbas, H.F.3
  • 50
    • 84960328717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of pyrolysis of rice straw using bench-scale auger, batch and fluidized bed reactors
    • [50] Nam, H., Capareda, S.C., Ashwath, N., Kongkasawan, J., Experimental investigation of pyrolysis of rice straw using bench-scale auger, batch and fluidized bed reactors. Energy 93 (2015), 2384–2394.
    • (2015) Energy , vol.93 , pp. 2384-2394
    • Nam, H.1    Capareda, S.C.2    Ashwath, N.3    Kongkasawan, J.4
  • 51
    • 84946601178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis of eastern redcedar: distribution and characteristics of fast and slow pyrolysis products
    • [51] Yang, Z., Kumar, A., Huhnke, R.L., Buser, M., Capareda, S., Pyrolysis of eastern redcedar: distribution and characteristics of fast and slow pyrolysis products. Fuel 166 (2016), 157–165.
    • (2016) Fuel , vol.166 , pp. 157-165
    • Yang, Z.1    Kumar, A.2    Huhnke, R.L.3    Buser, M.4    Capareda, S.5
  • 52
    • 84907374155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic model with empirical equations for air–steam biomass gasification in fluidized-beds
    • [52] Lim, Y., Lee, U.D., Quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic model with empirical equations for air–steam biomass gasification in fluidized-beds. Fuel Process Technol 128 (2014), 199–210.
    • (2014) Fuel Process Technol , vol.128 , pp. 199-210
    • Lim, Y.1    Lee, U.D.2
  • 53
    • 84883600388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic modelling and evaluation of a two-stage thermal process for waste gasification
    • [53] Materazzi, M., Lettieri, P., Mazzei, L., Taylor, R., Chapman, C., Thermodynamic modelling and evaluation of a two-stage thermal process for waste gasification. Fuel 108 (2013), 356–369.
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.108 , pp. 356-369
    • Materazzi, M.1    Lettieri, P.2    Mazzei, L.3    Taylor, R.4    Chapman, C.5
  • 54
    • 84879110084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the behaviour of biomass during combustion: Part I. Phase-mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter
    • [54] Vassilev, S.V., Baxter, D., Vassileva, C.G., An overview of the behaviour of biomass during combustion: Part I. Phase-mineral transformations of organic and inorganic matter. Fuel 112 (2013), 391–449.
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.112 , pp. 391-449
    • Vassilev, S.V.1    Baxter, D.2    Vassileva, C.G.3
  • 55
    • 84951021388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semi.empirical approach to the thermodynamic analysis of downdraft gasification
    • [55] Svishchev, D.A., Kozlov, A.N., Donskoy, I.G., Ryzhkov, A.F., A semi.empirical approach to the thermodynamic analysis of downdraft gasification. Fuel 168 (2016), 91–106.
    • (2016) Fuel , vol.168 , pp. 91-106
    • Svishchev, D.A.1    Kozlov, A.N.2    Donskoy, I.G.3    Ryzhkov, A.F.4
  • 56
    • 84884205329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air-blown gasification of woody biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier
    • [56] Kim, Y.D., Yang, C.W., Kim, B.J., Kim, K.S., Lee, J.W., Moon, J.H., et al. Air-blown gasification of woody biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Appl Energy 112 (2013), 414–420.
    • (2013) Appl Energy , vol.112 , pp. 414-420
    • Kim, Y.D.1    Yang, C.W.2    Kim, B.J.3    Kim, K.S.4    Lee, J.W.5    Moon, J.H.6
  • 57
    • 84888614091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin gasification
    • [57] Yu, H., Li, Z., Chen, D., Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin gasification. Fuel 118 (2014), 250–256.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.118 , pp. 250-256
    • Yu, H.1    Li, Z.2    Chen, D.3
  • 58
    • 79958086642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasification in a 100 kWth steam–oxygen blown circulating fluidized bed gasifier: effects of operational conditions on product gas distribution and tar formation
    • [58] Meng, X., De Jong, W., Fu, N., Verkooijen, A.H.M., Biomass gasification in a 100 kWth steam–oxygen blown circulating fluidized bed gasifier: effects of operational conditions on product gas distribution and tar formation. Biomass Bioenergy 35 (2011), 2910–2924.
    • (2011) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.35 , pp. 2910-2924
    • Meng, X.1    De Jong, W.2    Fu, N.3    Verkooijen, A.H.M.4
  • 59
    • 84867076895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermogravimetric characterization of dairy manure as pyrolysis and combustion feedstocks
    • [59] Wu, H., Hanna, M., Jones, D., Thermogravimetric characterization of dairy manure as pyrolysis and combustion feedstocks. Waste Manage Res 30:10 (2012), 1066–1071.
    • (2012) Waste Manage Res , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Wu, H.1    Hanna, M.2    Jones, D.3
  • 60
    • 0003623446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass gasifier “tars”: their nature, formation, and conversion
    • National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO
    • [60] Milne, T.A., Abatzoglou, N., Evans, R.J., Biomass gasifier “tars”: their nature, formation, and conversion. 1998, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.
    • (1998)
    • Milne, T.A.1    Abatzoglou, N.2    Evans, R.J.3
  • 61
    • 70249137596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tar content and composition in producer gas of fluidized bed gasification of wood—influence of temperature and pressure
    • [61] Wolfesberger, U., Aigner, I., Hofbauer, H., Tar content and composition in producer gas of fluidized bed gasification of wood—influence of temperature and pressure. Environ Prog Sustain energy 28 (2009), 372–379.
    • (2009) Environ Prog Sustain energy , vol.28 , pp. 372-379
    • Wolfesberger, U.1    Aigner, I.2    Hofbauer, H.3
  • 62
    • 84991088344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies to effectively utilize dairy manure mixed with sand bedding for thermal conversion process
    • in review
    • [62] Nam, H., Maglinao, A.L. Jr., Capareda, S.C., Studies to effectively utilize dairy manure mixed with sand bedding for thermal conversion process. in review, 2016.
    • (2016)
    • Nam, H.1    Maglinao, A.L.2    Capareda, S.C.3
  • 63
    • 84966455297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a microreactor study
    • [63] Mahadevan, R., Adhikari, S., Shakya, R., Wang, K., Dayton, D., Lehrich, M., et al. Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a microreactor study. Energy Fuels 30 (2016), 3045–3056.
    • (2016) Energy Fuels , vol.30 , pp. 3045-3056
    • Mahadevan, R.1    Adhikari, S.2    Shakya, R.3    Wang, K.4    Dayton, D.5    Lehrich, M.6
  • 64
    • 84888614091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin gasification
    • [64] Yu, H., Ze, Zhang, Li, Z., Chen, D., Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin gasification. Fuel 118 (2014), 250–256.
    • (2014) Fuel , vol.118 , pp. 250-256
    • Yu, H.1    Ze, Z.2    Li, Z.3    Chen, D.4
  • 66
    • 84879324961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance improvement of dual fluidized bed gasifiers by temperature reduction: the behavior of tar species in the product gas
    • [66] Kirnbauer, F., Wilk, V., Hofbauer, H., Performance improvement of dual fluidized bed gasifiers by temperature reduction: the behavior of tar species in the product gas. Fuel 108 (2013), 534–542.
    • (2013) Fuel , vol.108 , pp. 534-542
    • Kirnbauer, F.1    Wilk, V.2    Hofbauer, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.