Older adults' responses to patronizing advice: Balancing Politeness and Identity in Context

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 168-196

  Hummert, Mary Lee ^a   Mazloff, Debra C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b Price water house Coopers   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84990350700     PISSN: 0261927X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X01020001008     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Baltes, M. M., & Wahl, H. W. (1996). Patterns of communication in old age: The dependency-support and independence-ignore script. Health Communication, 8, 217-231.
2. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Universals in language usage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3. Caporael, L. R. (1981). The paralanguage of caregiving: Baby talk to the institutionalized aged. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 876-884.
4. Caporael, L. R., Lukaszewski, M. P., & Culbertson, G. H. (1983). Secondary baby talk: Judgments by institutionalized elderly and their caregivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 746-754.
5. Gallois, C., Callan, V. J., & McKenzie Palmer, J. (1992). The influence of applicant communication style and interviewer characteristics on hiring decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1041-1060.
6. Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1991). Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In H. Giles, J. Coupland, & N. Coupland (Eds.), Contexts of accommodation: Developments in applied linguistics (pp. 1-68). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
7. Giles, H., & Williams, A. (1994). Intergenerational patronizing: Young people’s evaluations of older people’s patronizing speech. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 39, 33-53.
8. Harwood, J., & Giles, H. (1996). Reactions to older people being patronized: The roles of response strategies and attributed thoughts. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 395-421.
9. Harwood, J., Giles, H., Fox, S., Ryan, E. B., & Williams, A. (1993). Patronizing young and elderly adults: Response strategies in a community setting. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 21, 211-226.
10. Harwood, J., Ryan, E. B., Giles, H., & Tysoski, S. (1997). Evaluations of patronizing speech and three response styles in a non-service-providing context. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 25, 170-195.
11. Holsti, O. R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
12. Hummert, M. L. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly and patronizing speech style. In M. L. Hummert, J. M. Wiemann, & J. F. Nussbaum (Eds.), Interpersonal communication in older adulthood: Interdisciplinary theory and research (pp. 162-185). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
13. Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T. A., Shaner, J. L., & Strahm, S. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly held by young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 49, 240-249.
14. Hummert, M. L., & Ryan, E. B. (1996). Toward understanding variations in patronizing talk addressed to older adults: Psycholinguistic features of care and control. International Journal of Psycholinguistics, 12, 149-169.
15. Hummert, M. L., & Ryan, E. B. (in press). Patronizing communication. In W. P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.), The new handbook of language and social psychology (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley.
16. Hummert, M. L., & Shaner, J. L. (1994). Patronizing speech to the elderly as a function of stereotyping. Communication Studies, 45, 145-158.
17. Hummert, M. L., Shaner, J. L., Garstka, T. A., & Henry, C. (1998). Communication with older adults: The influence of age stereotypes, context, and communicator age. Human Communication Research, 25, 124-151.
18. Jackson, S. (1992). Message effects research: Principles of design and analysis. New York: Guilford.
19. Kemper, S. (1987). Life-span changes in syntactic complexity. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 323-328.
20. Kemper, S., Kynette, D., Rash, S., O’Brien, K., & Sprott, R. (1989). Life-span changes to adults’ language: Effects of memory and genre. Applied Psycholinguistics, 10, 49-66.
21. Luborsky, M. R. (1994). The identification of themes and patterns. In J. Gubrium & A. Sankar (Eds.), Qualitative methods in aging research (pp. 189-210). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Okamoto, S., & Robinson, W. P. (1997). Determinants of gratitude expressions in England. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16, 411-433.
23. Robinson, W. P. (1979). Speech markers and social class. In H. Giles & K. R. Scherer (Eds.), Social markers in speech (pp. 211-249). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Robinson, W.P. (1985). Social psychology and discourse. In T. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Handbook of discourse analysis (Vol. 1, pp. 107-144). London: Academic.
25. Robinson, W. P., & Breslav, G. (1996). Academic achievement and self-concepts of Latvian adolescents in a changed social context. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 11, 399-410.
26. Robinson, W. P., Giles, H., & Smith, P. M. (1980). Epilogue. In H. Giles, W. P. Robinson, & P. M. Smith (Eds.), Language: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 425-430). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
27. Robinson, W. P., & Rackstraw, S. J. (1972). A question of answers (Vol. 2). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
28. Ryan, E. B., Bourhis, R. Y., & Knops, U. (1991). Evaluative perceptions of patronizing speech addressed to elders. Psychology and Aging, 6, 442-450.
29. Ryan, E. B., Giles, H., Bartolucci, G., & Henwood, K. (1986). Psycholinguistic and social psychological components of communication by and with the elderly. Language & Communication, 6, 1-24.
30. Ryan, E. B., Hummert, M. L., & Boich, L. H. (1995). Communication predicaments of aging: Patronizing behavior toward older adults. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 14, 144-166.
31. Ryan, E. B., Kennaley, D. E., Pratt, M. W., & Shumovich, M. A. (2000). Evaluations by staff, residents, and community seniors of patronizing speech in the nursing home: Impact of passive, assertive or humorous responses. Psychology and Aging, 15, 272-285.
32. Ryan, E. B., Kwong See, S., Meneer, W. B., & Trovato, D. (1992). Age-based perceptions of language performance among younger and older adults. Communication Research, 19, 423-443.
33. Ryan, E. B., Meredith, S. D., & Shantz, G. B. (1994). Evaluative perceptions of patronizing speech addressed to institutionalized elders in contrasting conversational contexts. Canadian Journal on Aging, 13, 236-248.
34. SAS Institute. (1991). SAS/STAT user’s guide: Release 6.03 edition. Cary, NC: Author.
35. Tracy, K., & Tracy, S. J. (1998). Rudeness at 911: Reconceptualizing face and face attack. Human Communication Research, 25, 225-251.