How Risks are Identified and Assessed

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Volumn 545, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 15-24

  Graham, John D ^a   Rhomberg, Lorenz ^b  

^a Harvard Injury Control Center

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84990324295     PISSN: 00027162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002716296545001002     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. John D. Graham, Laura C. Green, and Marc J. Roberts, In Search of Safety: Chemicals and Cancer Risk (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988).
2. Sherine Gabriel et al., “Risk of Connective-Tissue Disease and Other Disorders After Breast Implantation,” New England Journal of Medicine, 330(24):1697-1702 (1994).
3. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1964).
4. Elizabeth N. Allred et al., “Short-Term Effects of Carbon Monoxide Exposure on the Exercise Performance of Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease,” New England Journal of Medicine, 321(21):1426-1431 (1989).
5. A. Wallace Hayes, ed., Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 3d ed. (New York: Raven Press, 1994).
6. Center for Risk Analysis, A Historical Perspective on Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (Boston, MA: Harvard School of Public Health, 1994).
7. Environmental Protection Agency, Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders (Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, 1992).
8. Aaron Blair et al., “Mortality Among Industrial Workers Exposed to Formaldehyde,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 76: 1071-1084 (1986).
9. Background cases are those appearing in the studied population due to causes other than the ones being investigated-in this case, larynx cancer cases that would appear even without exposure to formaldehyde.
10. Graham, Green, and Roberts, In Search of Safety.
11. Interagency Staff Group on Carcinogens, “Chemical Carcinogens: A Review of the Science and Its Associated Principles,” Environmental Health Perspectives, 67: 201-282 (1986).
12. Theo Colburn and Coralie Clement, Chemically-Induced Alternations in Sexual and Functional Development: The Wildlife/Human Connection (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific, 1992).
13. Karen L. Florini and Ellen K. Silbergeld, “Getting the Lead Out,” Issues in Science and Technology, 9: 33-39 (1993).
14. Roger M. Cooke, Experts in Uncertainty: Opinion and Subjective Probability in Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).
15. Charles A. Holloway, Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Models and Choices (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1979).