Language policy as cultural politics: The double-edged sword of language education in colonial Malaya and Hong Kong

Discourse

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 133-152

  Pennycook, Alastair ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84989398042     PISSN: 01596306     EISSN: 14693739     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0159630960170202     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Addis, C.S., 1889. Education in China. The China Review, XVIII: 205–212.
2. Bennett, A.T., 1991. “ Discourses of power, the dialectics of understanding, the power of literacy ”. In Rewriting Literacy: culture and the discourse of the other, Edited by: Mitchell, C., and Weiler, K., Toronto: OISE Press.
3. Burney, R., 1935. Report on Education in Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Government of Hong Kong.
4. Chai, Hon-Chan. 1964. The Development of British Malaya 1896-1909, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
5. Chan Ming, K., 1994. “ Hong Kong in Sino-British conflict: mass mobilization and the crisis of legitimacy ”. In Precarious Balance: Hong Kong between China and Britain, 1842-1992, Edited by: Chan, Ming K., Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
6. De Quincey, T., 1862. “ De Quincey's Works ”. In Recollections of the Lakes and the Lake Poets, Vol. II, Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black.
7. Donald, J., 1991. “ How illiteracy became a problem (and literacy stopped being one) ”. In Rewriting Literacy: culture and the discourse of the other, Edited by: Mitchell, C., and Weiler, K., Toronto: OISE Press.
8. Eitel, E.J., 1895. Europe in China, Kelly & Walsh/Luzac & Company. Reprinted in 1983 by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong
9. Freire, P., 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Continuum.
10. Hoyles, M., 1977. “ The history and politics of literacy ”. In The Politics of Literacy, Edited by: Hoyles, M., London: Writers and Readers Cooperative.
11. Kachru, BJ., 1986. The Alchemy of English: the spread, Junctions and models of non-native Englishes, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
12. Lethbridge, HJ., 1895/1983. “ Introduction to EJ. EITEL ”. In Europe in China, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
13. Lou Fook Seng, P., 1970. The nineteenth century British approach to Malay education. Jumal Pendidekan, 1: 105–115.
14. Loh Fook Seng, P., 1975. Seeds of Separatism: educational policy in Malaya 1874-1940, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
15. Lugard, F., 1910. Hong Kong University. Objects, History, Present Position and Prospects, Hong Kong: Noronha.
16. Lugard, F., 1926. The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, 3rd edn, Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons.
17. Luk Hung-Kay, B., 1991. Chinese culture in the Hong Kong curriculum: heritage and colonialism. Comparative Education Review, 35: 650–668.
18. Luke, A., Mchoul, A., and Mey, J., 1990. “ On the limits of language planning: class, state and power ”. In Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific, Edited by: Baldauf, R., and Luke, A., Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
19. Macaulay, T.B., 1835/1972. “ Minute on Indian education ”. In Thomas Babington Macaulay: selected writings, Edited by: Clive, J., and Pinney, T., Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Mangan, J.A., 1985. The Games Ethic and Imperialism: aspects of the diffusion of an ideal, Harmondsworth: Viking.
21. Maxwell, G., 1927/1983. “ Some problems of education and public health in Malaya ”. In Honourable Intentions: talks on the British Empire in South-East Asia delivered at the Royal Colonial Institute 1874-1928, Edited by: Kratoska, P., Singapore: Oxford University Press.
22. Mayhew, A., 1926. The Education of India, London: Faber & Gwyer.
23. Mellor, B., 1992. Lugard in Hong Kong: empires, education and a governor at work, 1907-1912, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
24. Mey, J., 1985. Whose Language? A study in linguistic pragmatics, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
25. Ng Lun, Ngai-Ha. 1984. Interactions of East and West: development of public education in early Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
26. Niranjana, Tejaswlni. 1992. Siting Translation: history, post-structuralism and the colonial context, Berkeley: University of California Press.
27. Pennycook, A.D., 1994a. Anglicism and orientalism. Trans/forms, 1: 49–72.
28. Pennycook, A.D., 1994b. The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language, London: Longman.
29. Perham, M., 1960. Lugard: the years of authority, 1898-1945, Vol. 2, London: Collins.
30. Phillipsox, R., 1992. Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Rahim, S.A., 1986. Language as power apparatus: observations on English and cultural policy in nineteenth-century India. World Englishes, 5: 231–239.
32. Robsox, M., 1992. The Potent Poppy, Hong Kong: FormAsia.
33. Said, E.W., 1978. Orientalism, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
34. Smith, C.T., 1985. Chinese Christians: elites, middlemen, and the church in Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
35. Spurr, D., 1993. The Rhetoric of Empire: colonial discourse in journalism, travel writing, and imperial administration, Durham: Duke University Press.
36. Sweetixg, A.E., 1990. Education in Hong Kong, pre-1841 to 1941: fact & opinion, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
37. Sweeting, A.E., 1992. “ Hong Kong education within historical processes ”. In Education and Society in Hong Kong: toward one country and two systems, Edited by: Postglione, G.A., Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
38. Tollefson, J., 1991. Planning Language, Planning Inequality, London: Longman.
39. Tsai, Jung-Fang. 1994. “ From antiforeignism to popular nationalism: Hong Kong between China and Britain, 1839-1911 ”. In Precarious Balance: Hong Kong between China and Britain, 1842-1992, Edited by: Chan, Mixg K., Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
40. Viswanathan, G., 1989. Masks of Conquest: literary study and British rule in India, London: Faber & Faber.
41. Wesley-Smith, P., 1994. “ Anti-Chinese legislation in Hong Kong ”. In Precarious Balance: Hong Kong between China and Britain, 1842-1992, Edited by: Chan, Ming K., Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
42. Young, R., 1990. White Mythologies: writing history and the West, London: Routledge.