Patient-level costs of major cardiovascular conditions: A review of the international literature

ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research

Volumn 8, Issue , 2016, Pages 495-506

  Nicholson, Gina ^a   Gandra, Shravanthi R ^b   Halbert, Ronald J ^a   Richhariya, Akshara ^b   Nordyke, Robert J ^a  

^a Department of Health Economics   (United States)

^b AMGEN INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Follow up studies; Health care costs; Hospitalization economics

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART FAILURE; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DIABETES MELLITUS; EUROPEAN UNION; FOLLOW UP; GERMANY; HEALTH CARE COST; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; LENGTH OF STAY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; SWEDEN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

EID: 84989173803     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11786981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/CEOR.S89331     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. World Health Organization [webpage on the Internet]. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Fact Sheet. 2013. Available from: http://www.who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.html. Accessed April 20, 2013.
2. Laslett LJ, Alagona P Jr, Clark BA 3rd, et al. The worldwide environment of cardiovascular disease: prevalence, diagnosis, therapy, and policy issues: a report from the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(25 suppl):S1-S49.
3. Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, Rayner M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(39):3028-3034.
4. European Heart Network [webpage on the Internet]. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics. 2012. Available from: http://www. ehnheart.org/cvd-statistics.html. Accessed October 14, 2013.
5. Demaerschalk BM, Hwang HM, Leung G. US cost burden of ischemic stroke: a systematic literature review. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(7):525-533.
6. Luengo-Fernandez R, Gray AM, Rothwell PM. Costs of stroke using patient-level data: a critical review of the literature. Stroke. 2009;40(2):e18-e23.
7. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics [webpage on the Internet]. Consumer Price Index. Current Series. 2013. Available from: http:// www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm. Accessed October 23, 2013.
8. World Bank [webpage on the Internet]. PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $). 2015. Available from: http://data.worldbank. org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP. Accessed February 16, 2015.
9. Chapman RH, Liu LZ, Girase PG, Straka RJ. Determining initial and follow-up costs of cardiovascular events in a US managed care population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:11.
10. Straka RJ, Liu LZ, Girase PS, DeLorenzo A, Chapman RH. Incremental cardiovascular costs and resource use associated with diabetes: an assessment of 29,863 patients in the US managed-care setting. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:53.
11. Holstenson E, Ringborg A, Lindgren P, et al. Predictors of costs related to cardiovascular disease among patients with atrial fibrillation in five European countries. Europace. 2011;13(1):23-30.
12. Moleerergpoom W, Kanjanavanit R, Jintapakorn W, Sritara P. Costs of payment in Thai acute coronary syndrome patients. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90(suppl 1):21-31.
13. O’Sullivan AK, Rubin J, Nyambose J, Kuznik A, Cohen DJ, Thompson D. Cost estimation of cardiovascular disease events in the US. Pharmacoeconomics. 2011;29(8):693-704.
14. Miller CD, Hwang W, Case D, et al. Stress CMR imaging observation unit in the emergency department reduces 1-year medical care costs in patients with acute chest pain: a randomized study for comparison with inpatient care. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(8):862-870.
15. Wieser S, Ruthemann I, De Boni S, et al. Cost of acute coronary syndrome in Switzerland in 2008. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13655.
16. Naccarelli GV, Johnston SS, Lin J, Patel PP, Schulman KL. Cost burden of cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality in ATHENA-like patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter in the United States. Clin Cardiol. 2010;33(5):270-279.
17. Timbie JW, Normand SL. A comparison of methods for combining quality and efficiency performance measures: profiling the value of hospital care following acute myocardial infarction. Stat Med. 2008;27(9):1351-1370.
18. Schreyogg J, Stargardt T. The trade-off between costs and outcomes: the case of acute myocardial infarction. Health Serv Res. 2010;45(6 pt 1):1585-1601.
19. Hasan O, Orav EJ, Hicks LS. Insurance status and hospital care for myocardial infarction, stroke, and pneumonia. J Hosp Med. 2010;5(8):452-459.
20. Kruse GB, Polsky D, Stuart EA, Werner RM. The impact of hospital pay-for-performance on hospital and Medicare costs. Health Serv Res. 2012;47(6):2118-2136.
21. Tiemann O. Variations in hospitalisation costs for acute myocardial infarction - a comparison across Europe. Health Econ. 2008;17(1 suppl):S33-S45.
22. Hakkinen U, Chiarello P, Cots F, Peltola M, Ratto H; EuroDRG Group. Patient classification and hospital costs of care for acute myocardial infarction in nine European countries. Health Econ. 2012;21(suppl 2):19-29.
23. Hakkinen U, Hartikainen J, Juntunen M, Malmivaara A, Peltola M, Tierala I. Analysing current trends in care of acute myocardial infarction using PERFECT data. Ann Med. 2011;43(suppl 1):S14-S21.
24. Gregori D, Desideri A, Bigi R, et al. Proper modeling strategies selection for the assessment of post-infarction costs. Int J Cardiol. 2008;129(1):53-58.
25. Lopez-Valcarcel BG, Pinilla J. The impact of medical technology on health: a longitudinal analysis of ischemic heart disease. Value Health. 2008;11(1):88-96.
26. Ringborg A, Yin DD, Martinell M, Stalhammar J, Lindgren P. The impact of acute myocardial infarction and stroke on health care costs in patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16(5):576-582.
27. Wilhelmsen L, Welin L, Oden A, Bjornberg A. Saving lives, money and resources: drug and CABG/PCI use after myocardial infarction in a Swedish record-linkage study. Eur J Health Econ. 2010;11(2):177-184.
28. Ademi Z, Liew D, Hollingsworth B, et al. The economic implications of treating atherothrombotic disease in Australia, from the government perspective. Clin Ther. 2010;32(1):119-132. discussion 106-117.
29. United Nations Statistical Divison [webpage on the Internet]. European Regions. 2013. Available from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm. Accessed April 27, 2015.
30. Bogner HR, Miller SD, de Vries HF, Chhatre S, Jayadevappa R. Assessment of cost and health resource utilization for elderly patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. J Card Fail. 2010;16(6):454-460.
31. Chhatre S, Weiner MG, Jayadevappa R, Johnson JC. Incremental burden of congestive heart failure among elderly with Alzheimer’s. Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(4):628-634.
32. Liao L, Anstrom KJ, Gottdiener JS, et al. Long-term costs and resource use in elderly participants with congestive heart failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am Heart J. 2007;153(2):245-252.
33. Dunlay SM, Shah ND, Shi Q, et al. Lifetime costs of medical care after heart failure diagnosis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011;4(1):68-75.
34. Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Nwaise IA, Tangka FK, Orenstein D. The economic burden of chronic cardiovascular disease for major insurers. Health Promot Pract. 2007;8(3):234-242.
35. Esposito D, Bagchi AD, Verdier JM, Bencio DS, Kim MS. Medicaid beneficiaries with congestive heart failure: association of medication adherence with healthcare use and costs. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(7):437-445.
36. Unroe KT, Greiner MA, Hernandez AF, et al. Resource use in the last 6 months of life among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, 2000-2007. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(3):196-203.
37. Allen LA, Anstrom KJ, Horton JR, Shaw LK, Eisenstein EL, Felker GM. Relationship between anemia and health care costs in heart failure. J Card Fail. 2009;15(10):843-849.
38. Chen LM, Jha AK, Guterman S, Ridgway AB, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Hospital cost of care, quality of care, and readmission rates: penny wise and pound foolish? Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(4):340-346.
39. Chen SI, Dharmarajan K, Kim N, et al. Procedure intensity and the cost of care. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5(3):308-313.
40. Chiong JR, Kim S, Lin J, Christian R, Dasta JF. Evaluation of costs associated with tolvaptan-mediated length-of-stay reduction among heart failure patients with hyponatremia in the US, based on the EVEREST trial. J Med Econ. 2012;15(2):276-284.
41. Gregory D, Ordway LJ, McGillivray M, Konstam MA, Denofrio D. A cost-saving strategy for inpatient management of advanced decompensated heart failure patients: the Cardiomyopathy Unit. J Card Fail. 2009;15(5):428-434.
42. Titler MG, Jensen GA, Dochterman JM, et al. Cost of hospital care for older adults with heart failure: medical, pharmaceutical, and nursing costs. Health Serv Res. 2008;43(2):635-655.
43. Wang G, Zhang Z, Ayala C, Wall HK, Fang J. Costs of heart failurerelated hospitalizations in patients aged 18 to 64 years. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(10):769-776.
44. Joynt KE, Orav EJ, Jha AK. The association between hospital volume and processes, outcomes, and costs of care for congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(2):94-102.
45. Shoemaker W. Variability in service line costs for heart failure and shock. Healthc Financ Manage. 2012;66(6):166.
46. Patel UD, Greiner MA, Fonarow GC, Phatak H, Hernandez AF, Curtis LH. Associations between worsening renal function and 30-day outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2010;160(1):132-138.e131.
47. Greiner MA, Hammill BG, Fonarow GC, et al. Predicting costs among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(5):705-711.
48. Whellan DJ, Greiner MA, Schulman KA, Curtis LH. Costs of inpatient care among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, 2001 to 2004. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(1):33-40.
49. Kociol RD, Greiner MA, Hammill BG, et al. Long-term outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries with worsening renal function during hospitalization for heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(12):1786-1793.
50. Patterson ME, Grant WC, Glickman SW, et al. Resource use and costs of treatment with anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents: results of the WATCH trial economic evaluation. J Card Fail. 2009;15(10):819-827.
51. Reed SD, Li Y, Dunlap ME, et al. In-hospital resource use and medical costs in the last year of life by mode of death (from the HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial). Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(8):1150-1155.
52. Chan PS, Soto G, Jones PG, et al. Patient health status and costs in heart failure: insights from the eplerenone post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure efficacy and survival study (EPHESUS). Circulation. 2009;119(3):398-407.
53. Caporale JE, Elgart J, Pfirter G, et al. Hospitalization costs for heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes: cost-effectiveness of its prevention measured by a simulated preventive treatment. Value Health. 2011;14(5 suppl 1):S20-S23.
54. Kaul P, McAlister FA, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Resource use in the last 6 months of life among patients with heart failure in Canada. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(3):211-217.
55. Dilokthornsakul P, Chaiyakunapruk N, Nimpitakpong P, Jeanpeerapong N, Sruamsiri R. The effects of medication supply on hospitalizations and health-care costs in patients with chronic heart failure. Value Health. 2012;15(1 suppl):S9-S14.
56. Ellis C. Stroke in young adults. Disabil Health J. 2010;3(3):222-224.
57. Ellis C, Simpson AN, Bonilha H, Mauldin PD, Simpson KN. The one-year attributable cost of poststroke aphasia. Stroke. 2012;43(5):1429-1431.
58. Engel-Nitz NM, Sander SD, Harley C, Rey GG, Shah H. Costs and outcomes of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke in a managed care population. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6:905-913.
59. Kind AJ, Smith MA, Liou JI, Pandhi N, Frytak JR, Finch MD. The price of bouncing back: one-year mortality and payments for acute stroke patients with 30-day bounce-backs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(6):999-1005.
60. Lee WC, Christensen MC, Joshi AV, Pashos CL. Long-term cost of stroke subtypes among Medicare beneficiaries. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23(1):57-65.
61. Mahoney EM, Wang K, Cohen DJ, et al. One-year costs in patients with a history of or at risk for atherothrombosis in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008;1(1):38-45.
62. Roberts CS, Gorelick PB, Ye X, Harley C, Goldberg GA. Additional stroke-related and non-stroke-related cardiovascular costs and hospitalizations in managed-care patients after ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1425-1432.
63. Zorowitz RD, Chen E, Tong KB, Laouri M. Costs and rehabilitation use of stroke survivors: a retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009;16(5):309-320.
64. Bruggenjurgen B, Rossnagel K, Roll S, et al. The impact of atrial fibrillation on the cost of stroke: the berlin acute stroke study. Value Health. 2007;10(2):137-143.
65. Christensen MC, Munro V. Ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage:the latest evidence on mortality, readmissions and hospital costs from Scotland. Neuroepidemiology. 2008;30(4):239-246.
66. Ghatnekar O, Glader EL. The effect of atrial fibrillation on strokerelated inpatient costs in Sweden: a 3-year analysis of registry incidence data from 2001. Value Health. 2008;11(5):862-868.
67. Luengo-Fernandez R, Gray AM, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. A population-based study of hospital care costs during 5 years after transient ischemic attack and stroke. Stroke. 2012;43(12):3343-3351.
68. Mahler MP, Zuger K, Kaspar K, et al. A cost analysis of the first year after stroke - early triage and inpatient rehabilitation may reduce long term costs. Swiss Med Wkly. 2008;138(31-32):459-465.
69. McGuire AJ, Raikou M, Whittle I, Christensen MC. Long-term mortality, morbidity and hospital care following intracerebral hemorrhage:an 11-year cohort study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23(2-3):221-228.
70. Meretoja A, Kaste M, Roine RO, et al. Direct costs of patients with stroke can be continuously monitored on a national level: performance, effectiveness, and Costs of Treatment episodes in Stroke (PERFECT Stroke) Database in Finland. Stroke. 2011;42(7):2007-2012.
71. Thijs V, Dewilde S, Putman K, Pince H. Cost of hospitalization for cerebrovascular disorders in Belgium. Acta Neurol Belg. 2011;111(2):104-110.
72. Winter Y, Wolfram C, Schaeg M, et al. Evaluation of costs and outcome in cardioembolic stroke or TIA. J Neurol. 2009;256(6):954-963.
73. Gioldasis G, Talelli P, Chroni E, Daouli J, Papapetropoulos T, Ellul J. In-hospital direct cost of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Greece. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;118(4):268-274.
74. Ma Y, Liu Y, Fu HM, et al. Evaluation of admission characteristics, hospital length of stay and costs for cerebral infarction in a mediumsized city in China. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(10):1270-1276.
75. Sun Y, Toh MP. Impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the health-care utilization and clinical outcomes of patients with stroke in Singapore. Value Health. 2009;12(suppl 3):S101-S105.
76. Wang IK, Muo CH, Chang YC, et al. Risks, subtypes, and hospitalization costs of stroke among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(8):1611-1618.
77. Wei JW, Heeley EL, Jan S, et al. Variations and determinants of hospital costs for acute stroke in China. PLoS One. 2010;5(9):e13041.
78. Christensen MC, Previgliano I, Capparelli FJ, Lerman D, Lee WC, Wainsztein NA. Acute treatment costs of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in Argentina. Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;119(4):246-253.
79. Christensen MC, Valiente R, Sampaio Silva G, et al. Acute treatment costs of stroke in Brazil. Neuroepidemiology. 2009;32(2):142-149.
80. Mittmann N, Seung SJ, Hill MD, et al. Impact of disability status on ischemic stroke costs in Canada in the first year. Can J Neurol Sci. 2012;39(6):793-800.
81. Auerbach AD, Hilton JF, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Rothberg MB, Lindenauer PK. Case volume, quality of care, and care efficiency in coronary artery bypass surgery. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(14):1202-1208.
82. Birkmeyer JD, Gust C, Dimick JB, Birkmeyer NJ, Skinner JS. Hospital quality and the cost of inpatient surgery in the United States. Ann Surg. 2012;255(1):1-5.
83. Chastek B, Riedel AA, Wygant G, Hauch O. Evaluation of hospitalization and follow-up care costs among patients hospitalized with ACS treated with a stent and clopidogrel. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(12):2845-2852.
84. Chen JC, Kaul P, Levy JH, et al. Myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery increases healthcare resource utilization. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(5):1296-1301.
85. Eisenstein EL, Sun JL, Anstrom KJ, DeLong ER, Szczech LA, Mark DB. Assessing the economic attractiveness of coronary artery revascularization in chronic kidney disease patients. J Med Syst. 2009;33(4):287-297.
86. Eisenstein EL, Wijns W, Fajadet J, et al. Long-term clinical and economic analysis of the Endeavor drug-eluting stent versus the Driver bare-metal stent: 4-year results from the ENDEAVOR II trial (Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Medtronic AVE ABT-578 Eluting Driver Coronary Stent in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2(12):1178-1187.
87. Hlatky MA, Boothroyd DB, Melsop KA, et al. Economic outcomes of treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial. Circulation. 2009;120(25):2550-2558.
88. Johnston SS, Bell K, Gdovin J, Jing Y, Graham J. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in acute coronary syndrome: incidence, cost impact, and acute clopidogrel interruption. Hosp Pract (1995). 2012;40(1):15-23.
89. Kessler DP, Kroch E, Hlatky MA. The effect of bivalirudin on costs and outcomes of treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2011;162(3):494-500.e492.
90. LaPar DJ, Bhamidipati CM, Reece TB, Cleveland JC, Kron IL, Ailawadi G. Is off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting superior to conventional bypass in octogenarians? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141(1):81-90.
91. LaPar DJ, Stukenborg GJ, Guyer RA, et al. Primary payer status is associated with mortality and resource utilization for coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2012;126(11 suppl 1):S132-S139.
92. Lindsey JB, Cohen DJ, Stolker JM, et al. The impact of bivalirudin on percutaneous coronary intervention-related bleeding. EuroIntervention. 2010;6(2):206-213.
93. Mark DB, Knight JD, Velazquez EJ, et al. Quality of life and economic outcomes with surgical ventricular reconstruction in ischemic heart failure: results from the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure trial. Am Heart J. 2009;157(5):837-844, 844.e831-833.
94. Olchanski N, Slawsky KA, Plent S, Kado C, Cyr PL. Economic impact of switching to bivalirudin for a primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a US hospital. Hosp Pract (1995). 2010;38(4):138-146.
95. Philipson TJ, Mozaffari E, Maclean JR. Pharmacy cost sharing, antiplatelet therapy utilization, and health outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(4):290-297.
96. Pinto DS, Stone GW, Shi C, et al. Economic evaluation of bivalirudin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition versus heparin with routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition for early invasive management of acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(22):1758-1768.
97. Poston RS, Tran R, Collins M, et al. Comparison of economic and patient outcomes with minimally invasive versus traditional off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting techniques. Ann Surg. 2008;248(4):638-646.
98. Rihal CS, Ryan JL, Singh M, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes after introduction of drug-eluting stents. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(8):580-587.
99. Ryan J, Linde-Zwirble W, Engelhart L, Cooper L, Cohen DJ. Temporal changes in coronary revascularization procedures, outcomes, and costs in the bare-metal stent and drug-eluting stent eras: results from the US Medicare program. Circulation. 2009;119(7):952-961.
100. Saleh SS, Racz M, Hannan E. The effect of preoperative and hospital characteristics on costs for coronary artery bypass graft. Ann Surg. 2009;249(2):335-341.
101. Speir AM, Kasirajan V, Barnett SD, Fonner E Jr. Additive costs of postoperative complications for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting patients in Virginia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(1):40-45. discussion 45-46.
102. Vogel TR, Dombrovskiy VY, Lowry SF. In-hospital delay of elective surgery for high volume procedures: the impact on infectious complications. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211(6):784-790.
103. Bakhai A, Ferrieres J, Iniguez A, et al. Clinical outcomes, resource use, and costs at 1 year in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI: results from the multinational APTOR registry. J Interv Cardiol. 2012;25(1):19-27.
104. Bramkamp M, Radovanovic D, Erne P, Szucs TD. Determinants of costs and the length of stay in acute coronary syndromes: a real life analysis of more than 10,000 patients. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2007;21(5):389-398.
105. Dendale P, Hansen D, Berger J, Lamotte M. Long-term cost-benefit ratio of cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Cardiol. 2008;63(4):451-456.
106. Epstein DM, Sculpher MJ, Clayton TC, et al. Costs of an early intervention versus a conservative strategy in acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 2008;127(2):240-246.
107. Friedel H, Delges A, Clouth J, Trautvetter DT. Expenditures of the German statutory health insurance system for patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur J Health Econ. 2010;11(5):449-455.
108. Gaughan J, Kobel C, Linhart C, et al; EuroDRG Group. Why do patients having coronary artery bypass grafts have different costs or length of stay? An analysis across 10 European countries. Health Econ. 2012;21(suppl 2):77-88.
109. Kastanioti C. Costs, clinical outcomes, and health-related quality of life of off-pump vs. on-pump coronary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2007;6(1):54-59.
110. Odell A, Landelius P, Astrom-Olsson K, Grip L. The impact of general usage of stents on short- and long-term health care costs following percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiology. 2008;109(2):85-92.
111. Varani E, Balducelli M, Vecchi G, Aquilina M, Maresta A. One-year clinical results and total costs of drug-eluting stents implantation in multivessel coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2007;8(8):596-601.
112. Varani E, Balducelli M, Vecchi G, Aquilina M, Maresta A. Comparison of multiple drug-eluting stent percutaneous coronary intervention and surgical revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: one-year clinical results and total treatment costs. J Invasive Cardiol. 2007;19(11):469-475.
113. Forouzannia SK, Abdollahi MH, Mirhosseini SJ, et al. Clinical outcome and cost in patients with off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Med Iran. 2011;49(7):414-419.
114. Hu S, Li Q, Gao P, et al. Simultaneous hybrid revascularization versus off-pump coronary artery bypass for multivessel coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;91(2):432-438.
115. Hu S, Zheng Z, Yuan X, et al. Increasing long-term major vascular events and resource consumption in patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass: a single-center prospective observational study. Circulation. 2010;121(16):1800-1808.
116. Noguchi H, Shimizutani S, Masuda Y. Regional variations in medical expenditure and hospitalization days for heart attack patients in Japan: evidence from the Tokai Acute Myocardial Study (TAMIS). Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2008;8(2):123-144.
117. Sakakura K, Ako J, Wada H, Kubo N, Momomura S. Comparison of the resource utilization between simultaneous strategy and staged strategy to treat two-vessel coronary artery disease by percutaneous coronary intervention. J Invasive Cardiol. 2011;23(11):454-459.
118. Shimizu T, Ohno T, Ando J, et al. Mid-term results and costs of coronary artery bypass vs drug-eluting stents for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Circ J. 2010;74(3):449-455.
119. Zhao FH, Lu SZ, Li H, et al. Clinical outcomes and cost-utility after sirolimus-eluting versus bare metal stent implantation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123(20):2797-2802.
120. Girardi PB, Hueb W, Nogueira CR, et al. Comparative costs between myocardial revascularization with or without extracorporeal circulation. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(6):340-346.
121. Haddad N, Bittar E, de Marchi AF, et al. Hospital costs of coronary artery bypass grafting on elective coronary patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88(4):418-423.
122. Rodriguez AE, Maree A, Tarragona S, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention with oral sirolimus and bare metal stents has comparable safety and efficacy to treatment with drug eluting stents, but with significant cost saving: long-term follow-up results from the randomised, controlled ORAR III (Oral Rapamycin in ARgentina) study. EuroIntervention. 2009;5(2):255-264.
123. Arnold SV, Morrow DA, Lei Y, et al. Economic impact of angina after an acute coronary syndrome: insights from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009;2(4):344-353.
124. Cohen DJ, Lavelle TA, Van Hout B, et al. Economic outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus bypass surgery for patients with left main or three-vessel coronary artery disease: one-year results from the SYNTAX trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;79(2):198-209.
125. Rinfret S, Kennedy WA, Lachaine J, et al. Economic impact of sameday home discharge after uncomplicated transradial percutaneous coronary intervention and bolus-only abciximab regimen. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(10):1011-1019.
126. Payne KA, Huybrechts KF, Caro JJ, Craig Green TJ, Klittich WS. Long term cost-of-illness in stroke: an international review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20(12):813-825.
127. Reynolds MW, Frame D, Scheye R, et al. A systematic review of the economic burden of chronic angina. Am J Manag Care. 2004;10(11 suppl):S347-S357.