Do hospital-owned skilled nursing facilities provide better post-acute care quality?

Journal of Health Economics

Volumn 50, Issue , 2016, Pages 36-46

  Rahman, Momotazur ^a   Norton, Edward C ^b,c   Grabowski, David C ^d  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Care utilization trajectory; Hospital based; Instrumental variable; Medicare; Post acute care; Skilled nursing facilities

Indexed keywords

HEALTH SERVICES; HEALTH STATUS; HOSPITAL SECTOR; MORTALITY;

HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL READMISSION; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE ANALYSIS; MEDICARE; MORTALITY; NURSING HOME; AGED; FEMALE; MALE; STANDARDS; SUBACUTE CARE; UNITED STATES;

AGED; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICARE; PATIENT DISCHARGE; PATIENT READMISSION; SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES; SUBACUTE CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84988442790     PISSN: 01676296     EISSN: 18791646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.08.004     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Abt Associates Inc., MegaQI covariate analysis and recommendations: identification and evaluation of existing quality indicators that are appropriate for use in long-term care settings. Prepared by D. Kidder, M. Rennison, H. Goldberg, D. Warner, B. Bell, L. Hadden, J. Morris, R. Jones, & V. Mor, for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (Contract No. 500-95-0062 TO #4), 2002.
2. Ackerly, D.C., Grabowski, D.C., Post-acute care reform – beyond the ACA. The New England Journal of Medicine 370:8 (2014), 689–691.
3. Brooks, J.M., Irwin, C.P., Hunsicker, L.G., Flanigan, M.J., Chrischilles, E.A., Pendergast, J.F., Effect of dialysis center profit-status on patient survival: a comparison of risk-adjustment and instrumental variable approaches. Health Services Research 41:6 (2006), 2267–2289.
4. Das, A., Norton, E.C., Miller, D.C., Ryan, A.M., Birkmeyer, J.D., Chen, L.M., Adding a spending metric to medicare's value-based purchasing program rewarded low-quality hospitals. Health Affairs (Millwood) 35:5 (2016), 898–906.
5. David, G., Rawley, E., Polsky, D., Integration and task allocation: evidence from patient care. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 22:3 (2013), 617–639.
6. Deyo, R.A., Cherkin, D.C., Ciol, M.A., Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 45:6 (1992), 613–619.
7. Doyle, J.J., Returns to local-area healthcare spending: evidence from health shocks to patients far from home. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3:3 (2011), 221–243.
8. Elixhauser, A., Steiner, C., Harris, D.R., Coffey, R.M., Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data. Medical Care 36:1 (1998), 8–27.
9. Fries, B.E., Cooney, L.M. Jr., Resource utilization groups. A patient classification system for long-term care. Medical Care 23:2 (1985), 110–122.
10. Fries, B.E., Schneider, D.P., Foley, W.J., Gavazzi, M., Burke, R., Cornelius, E., Refining a case-mix measure for nursing homes: resource utilization groups (RUG-III). Medical Care 32:7 (1994), 668–685.
11. Grabowski, D.C., Norton, E.C., Nursing home quality of care. Jones, A.M., (eds.) The Elgar companion to health economics, Second ed., 2012, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc, Cheltenham, UK, 307–317.
12. Grabowski, D.C., Gruber, J., Angelelli, J.J., Nursing home quality as a common good. Review of Economics and Statistics 90:4 (2008), 754–764.
13. Grabowski, D.C., Feng, Z., Intrator, O., Mor, V., Medicaid bed-hold policy and Medicare skilled nursing facility rehospitalizations. Health Services Research 45:6 Pt 2 (2010), 1963–1980.
14. Grabowski, D.C., Afendulis, C.C., McGuire, T.G., Medicare prospective payment and the volume and intensity of skilled nursing facility services. Journal of Health Economics 30:4 (2011), 675–684.
15. Grabowski, D.C., Feng, Z., Hirth, R., Rahman, M., Mor, V., Effect of nursing home ownership on the quality of post-acute care: an instrumental variables approach. Journal of Health Economics 32:1 (2013), 12–21.
16. Hawes, C., Morris, J.N., Phillips, C.D., Mor, V., Fries, B.E., Nonemaker, S., Reliability estimates for the minimum data set for nursing home resident assessment and care screening (MDS). The Gerontologist 35:2 (1995), 172–178.
17. Hirdes, J.P., Frijters, D.H., Teare, G.F., The MDS-CHESS scale: a new measure to predict mortality in institutionalized older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51:1 (2003), 96–100.
18. Hirth, R.A., Chernew, M.E., Turenne, M.N., Pauly, M.V., Orzol, S.M., Held, P.J., Chronic illness, treatment choice and workforce participation. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics 3:3 (2003), 167–181.
19. Intrator, O., Hiris, J., Berg, K., Miller, S.C., Mor, V., The residential history file: studying nursing home residents' long-term care histories(*). Health Services Research 46:1 Pt 1 (2011), 120–137.
20. Konetzka, R.T., Norton, E.C., Sloane, P.D., Kilpatrick, K.E., Stearns, S.C., Medicare prospective payment and quality of care for long-stay nursing facility residents. Medical Care 44:3 (2006), 270–276.
21. Lage, D.E., Rusinak, D., Carr, D., Grabowski, D.C., Ackerly, D.C., Creating a network of high-quality skilled nursing facilities: preliminary data on the postacute care quality improvement experiences of an accountable care organization. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 63:4 (2015), 804–808.
22. Liu, K., Black, K.J., Hospital-based and freestanding skilled nursing facilities: any cause for differential Medicare payments?. Inquiry: A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing 40:1 (2003), 94–104.
23. Maly, M.B., Lawrence, S., Jordan, M.K., Davies, W.J., Weiss, M.J., Deitrick, L., Salas-Lopez, D., Prioritizing partners across the continuum. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 13:9 (2012), 811–816.
24. McClellan, M., McNeil, B.J., Newhouse, J.P., Does more intensive treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly reduce mortality? Analysis using instrumental variables. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272:11 (1994), 859–866.
25. Mor, V., A comprehensive clinical assessment tool to inform policy and practice: applications of the minimum data set. Medical Care 42:4 Suppl. (2004), III50–III59.
26. Mor, V., Intrator, O., Unruh, M.A., Cai, S., Temporal and geographic variation in the validity and internal consistency of the nursing home resident assessment minimum data set 2.0. BMC Health Services Research, 11, 2011, 78.
27. Morris, J.N., Hawes, C., Fries, B.E., Phillips, C.D., Mor, V., Katz, S., Murphy, K., Drugovich, M.L., Friedlob, A.S., Designing the national resident assessment instrument for nursing homes. The Gerontologist 30:3 (1990), 293–307.
28. Morris, J.N., Fries, B.E., Mehr, D.R., Hawes, C., Phillips, C., Mor, V., Lipsitz, L.A., MDS cognitive performance scale. Journal of Gerontology 49:4 (1994), M174–M182.
29. Morris, J.N., Fries, B.E., Morris, S.A., Scaling ADLs within the MDS. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 54:11 (1999), M546–M553.
30. Newhouse, J.P., Garber, A.M., Graham, R.P., McCoy, M.A., Mancher, M., Kibria, A., Interim report of the committee on geographic variation in health care spending and promotion of high-value health care: preliminary committee observations. 2013, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
31. Norton, E.C., Long-term care. Culyer, A.J., Newhouse, J.P., (eds.) Handbook of health economics, 2000, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, North-Holland, 955–994.
32. Phillips, C.D., Morris, J.N., Hawes, C., Fries, B.E., Mor, V., Nennstiel, M., Iannacchione, V., Association of the resident assessment instrument (RAI) with changes in function, cognition, and psychosocial status. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 45:8 (1997), 986–993.
33. Pizer, S.D., White, A.J., White, C., Why are hospital-based nursing homes so costly? Relative importance of acuity and treatment setting. Medical Care 40:5 (2002), 405–415.
34. Rahman, M., Foster, A.D., Racial segregation and quality of care disparity in US nursing homes. Journal of Health Economics 39 (2015), 1–16.
35. Rahman, M., Foster, A.D., Grabowski, D.C., Zinn, J.S., Mor, V., Effect of hospital-SNF referral linkages on rehospitalization. Health Services Research 48:6 Pt 1 (2013), 1898–1919.
36. Rahman, M., Zinn, J.S., Mor, V., The impact of hospital-based skilled nursing facility closures on rehospitalizations. Health Services Research 48:2 Pt 1 (2013), 499–518.
37. Rahman, M., Grabowski, D.C., Gozalo, P.L., Thomas, K.S., Mor, V., Are dual eligibles admitted to poorer quality skilled nursing facilities?. Health Services Research 49:3 (2014), 798–817.
38. Sager, M.A., Easterling, D.V., Kindig, D.A., Anderson, O.W., Changes in the location of death after passage of Medicare's prospective payment system. A national study. The New England Journal of Medicine 320:7 (1989), 433–439.
39. Schoenfeld, A.J., Zhang, X., Grabowski, D.C., Mor, V., Weissman, J.S., Rahman, M., Hospital-skilled nursing facility referral linkage reduces readmission rates among Medicare patients receiving major surgery. Surgery 159:5 (2016), 1461–1468.
40. Stearns, S.C., Dalton, K., Holmes, G.M., Seagrave, S.M., Using propensity stratification to compare patient outcomes in hospital-based versus freestanding skilled-nursing facilities. Medical Care Research and Review 63:5 (2006), 599–622.
41. Tan, H.J., Norton, E.C., Ye, Z., Hafez, K.S., Gore, J.L., Miller., D.C., Long-term survival following partial vs radical nephrectomy among older patients with early-stage kidney cancer. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 307:15 (2012), 1629–1635.
42. U.S. Census Bureau, Internal migration of the older population: 1995–2000. Census 2000 Special Reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, 2003.
43. Wiener, J., Liu, K., Schieber, G., Case-mix differences between hospital-based and freestanding skilled nursing facilities. A review of the evidence. Medical Care 24:12 (1986), 1173–1182.