Sulfate resistance of clay-portland cement and clay high-calcium fly ash geopolymer

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2015, Pages

  Sukmak, Patimapon ^a   De Silva, Pre ^b   Horpibulsuk, Suksun ^c   Chindaprasirt, Prinya ^d  

^a WALAILAK UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^b AUSTRALIAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c SURANAREE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Thailand)

^d KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Ettringite; Fly ash; Geopolymer; Hybrid (masonry metals timber composites and polymeric); Microstructure; Portland cement; Silty clay; Strength

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CEMENTS; FLY ASH; GEOPOLYMERS; GYPSUM; INORGANIC POLYMERS; MAGNESIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; PORTLAND CEMENT; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SODIUM; SODIUM SULFATE; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

ETTRINGITES; GEOPOLYMER; HYBRID (MASONRY/METALS/TIMBER/COMPOSITES AND POLYMERIC); SILTY CLAY; STRENGTH;

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS;

CEMENT; FLY ASH; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYMER; SILTY CLAY; SULFATE;

EID: 84988045166     PISSN: 08991561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001112     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. ASTM. (2007). "Standard test methods for compressive strength of molded soil-cement cylinders". D1633, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. ASTM. (2007). "Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils". D7348, West Conshohocken, PA.
3. ASTM. (2009). "Standard test method for density of hydraulic cement". C188, West Conshohocken, PA.
4. ASTM. (2010). "Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer". D854, West Conshohocken, PA.
5. 3)]". D1557, West Conshohocken, PA.
6. ASTM. (2013). "Standard test method for length change of hydraulic-cement mortars exposed to a sulfate solution". C 1012, West Conshohocken, PA.
7. Bakharev, T. (2005). "Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions". Cem. Concr. Res., 35(6), 1233-1246.
8. Bakharev, T. (2005). "Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing". Cem. Concr. Res., 35(6), 1224-1232.
9. Blotz, L. R., Benson, C., and Boutwell, G. (1998). "Estimating optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight for compacted clays". J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:9(907), 907-912.
10. Chindaprasirt, C., Chareerat, T., and Sirivivatnanon, V. (2007). "Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer". Cem. Concr. Compos., 29(3), 224-229.
11. Chinkulkijniwat, A., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2012). "Field strength development of repaired pavement using the recycling technique". Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 45(2):221-229.
12. Davidovits, J. (1991). "Geopolymers". J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 37(8), 1633-1656.
13. Davidovits, J., and Davidovics, M. (2008). "Geopolymer: Room-temperature ceramic matrix for composites". Proc., 12th Annual Conf. on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proc., Vol. 9, Wiley, 835-841.
14. Ferraris, C. F., Clifton, J. R., Stutzman, P. E., and Garbocsi, E. J. (1997). "Mechanisms of degradation of portland cement-based systems by sulfate attack". Mechanisms of chemical degradation of cement-based systems, K. L. Scrivener and J. F. Young, eds., E and FN Spon, London, 185-192.
15. Horpibulsuk, S., Katkan, W., and Apichatvullop, A. (2008). "An approach for assessment of compaction curves of fine-grained soils at various energies using a one point test". Soils Found., 48(1), 115-125.
16. Horpibulsuk, S., Katkan, W., and Naramitkornburee, A. (2009). "Modified Ohio's curves: A rapid estimation of compaction curves for coarse-and fine-grained soils". Geotech. Test. J., 32(1), 64-75.
17. Horpibulsuk, S., Katkan, W., Sirilerdwattana, W., and Rachan, R. (2006). "Strength development in cement stabilized low plasticity and coarse grained soils: Laboratory and field study". Soils Found., 46(3), 351-366.
18. Horpibulsuk, S., Phojan, W., Suddeepong, A., Chinkulkijniwat, A., and Liu, M. D. (2012). "Strength development in blended cement admixed saline clay". Appl. Clay Sci., 55, 44-52.
19. Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., Chinkulkijniwat, A., Raksachon, Y., and Suddeepong, A. (2010). "Analysis of strength development in cement-stabilized silty clay based on microstructural considerations". Constr. Build. Mater., 24(10), 2011-2021.
20. Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., and Raksachon, Y. (2009). "Role of fly ash on strength and microstructure development in blended cement stabilized silty clay". Soils Found., 49(1), 85-98.
21. Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., and Suddeepong, A. (2011). "Assessment of strength development in blended cement admixed Bangkok clay". Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4), 1521-1531.
22. Horpibulsuk, S., Rachan, R., Suddeepong, A., and Chinkulkijniwat, A. (2011). "Strength development in cement admixed Bangkok clay: Llaboratory and field investigations". Soils Found., 51(2), 239-251.
23. Ismail, I., Bernal, S., Provis, J., Hamdan, S., and Deventer, J. J. (2013). "Microstructural changes in alkali activated fly ash/slag geopolymers with sulfate exposure". Mater. Struct., 46(3), 361-373.
24. Kampala, A., Horpibulsuk, S., Chinkulkijniwat, A., and Shen, S. L. (2013). "Engineering properties of recycled calcium carbide residue stabilized clay as fill and pavement materials". Constr. Build. Mater., 46(4), 203-210.
25. Kampala, A., Horpibulsuk, S., Prongmanee, N., and Chinkulkijniwat, A. (2014). "Influence of wet-dry cycles on compressive strength of calcium carbide residue-fly ash stabilized clay". J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000853, 633-643.
26. Karaman, S., Ersahin, S., and Gunal, H. (2006). "Firing temperature and firing time influence on mechanical and physical properties of clay bricks". J. Sci. Ind. Res., 65(2), 153-159.
27. Lauer, K. R. (1990). "Classification of concrete damage caused by chemical attack". Mater. Struct., 23(3), 223-229.
28. Lippiatt, B. (2000). BEESRG 4.0: Building for environmental and economic sustainability technical manual and user guide.
29. Locat, J., Berube, M. A., and Choyuette, M. (1990). "Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clay: shear strength development". Can. Geotech. J., 27(3), 294-304.
30. Mehta, P. H. (2000). "Concrete technology for sustainable development-An overview of essential elements". Concrete technology for a sustainable development in the 21st century, O. E. Gjorv and K. Sakai, eds., E&FN Spon, London.
31. Mehta, P. K. (1993). "Sulfate attack on concrete: A critical review". Material science of concrete III, J. Skalny, ed., American Ceramic Society, 105-130.
32. Miura, N., Yamadera, A., and Hino, T. (1999). "Consideration on compression properties of marine clay based on the pore size distribution measurement". J. Geotech. Eng., 26(6), 624-647.
33. Nagaraj, T. S., Lutenegger, A. J., Pandian, N. S., and Manoj, M. (2006). "Rapid estimation of compaction parameters for field control". Geotech. Test. J., 29(6), 497-506.
34. Ng, T., Voo, Y., and Foster, S. (2012). "Sustainability with ultra-high performance and geopolymer concrete construction". Innovative materials and techniques in concrete construction, M. N. Fardis, ed., Springer, Netherlands, 81-100.
35. Pacheco-Torgal, F., Abdollahnejad, Z., Camões, A. F., Jamshidi, M., and Ding, Y. (2012). "Durability of alkali-activated binders: A clear advantage over Portland cement or an unproven issue?" Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 400-405.
36. Palomo, A., Grutzek, M. W., and Blanco, M. T. (1999). "Alkali-activated fly ashes. A cement for the future". Cem. Concr. Res., 29(8), 1323-1329.
37. Prakash, K., and Sridharan, A. (2004). "Free swell ratio and clay mineralogy of fine-grained soils". Geotech. Test., 27(2), 220-225.
38. Rajasekaran, G. (2005). "Sulphate attack and ettringite formation in the lime and cement stabilized marine clays". Ocean Eng., 32(8-9), 1133-1159.
39. Rasheeduzzafar, O. S. B. A., Abduljauwad, S. N., and Maslehuddin, M. (1994). "Magnesium-sodium sulfate attack in plain and blended cements". J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1994)6:2(201), 201-222.
40. Santhanam, M., Cohen, M. D., and Olek, J. (2003). "Mechanism of sulfate attack: A fresh look: Part 2". Proposed Mech., 33(3), 341-346.
41. Sata, V., Sathonsaowaphak, A., and Chindaprasirt, P. (2012). "Resistance of lignite bottom ash geopolymer mortar to sulfate and sulfuric acid attack". Cem. Concr. Compos., 34(5), 700-708.
42. Somna, K., Jaturapitakkul, C., Kajitvichyanukul, P., and Chindaprasirt, P. (2011). "NaOH-activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature". Fuel, 90(6), 2118-2124.
43. Sridharan, A., Miura, N., and El-Shafei, A. (2002). "The effect of pretest conditions on the physical properties of marine clays". Proc., Int. Symp. on Lowland Technology, Saga Univ., Saga, Japan.
44. Sukmak, P., Horpibulsuk, S., and Shen, S.-L. (2013). "Strength development in clay-fly ash geopolymer". Constr. Build. Mater., 40, 566-574.
45. Sukmak, P., Horpibulsuk, S., Shen, S.-L., Chindaprasirt, P., and Suksiripattqanapong, C. (2013). "Factors influencing strength development in clay-fly ash geopolymer". Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 1125-1136.
46. Taylor, H. F. W., and Gollop, R. S. (1997). "Some chemical and microstructural aspects of concrete durability". Mechanisms of chemical degradation of cement-based systems, K. L. Scrivener and J. F. Young, eds., E and FN Spon, London, 177-184.
47. Venkatarama Reddy, B., and Jagadish, K. (2003). "Embodied energy of common and alternative building materials and technologies". Energy Build., 35(2), 129-137.
48. Wakely, L. D., Poole, T. S., Ernzen, J. J., and Neeley, B. D. (1993). "Salt saturated mass concrete under chemical attack". High performance concrete in severe environments, Am Concr Inst SP-140, P. Zia, ed., 239-267.
49. Wallah, S. E., and Rangan, B. V. (2006). "Low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete: Long term properties". Research Rep. GC2, Curtin Univ. of Technology, Australia.
50. Wegian, F. M. (2010). "Effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete". IES J. Part A Civ. Struct. Eng., 3(4), 235-243.
51. Yang, S., Zhongzi, X., and Mingshu, T. (1996). "The process of sulfate attack on cement mortars". Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 4(1), 1-5.
52. Yavaniyama, A., Lertsirivorakul, R., and Sriboonruang, V. (2005). "Effect of land use management on groundwater and soil salinization in northeast Thailand". Workshop on Management of Tropical Sandy Soils for Sustainable Agriculture, Khon Kaen, Thailand.