Deaths: Final data for 2014

National Vital Statistics Reports

Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2016, Pages

  Kochanek, Kenneth D ^a   Murphy, Sherry L ^a   Xu, Jiaquan ^a   Tejada Vera, Betzaida ^a  

^a Division of Vital Statistics   (United States)

Author keywords

Cause of death; Life expectancy; Mortality; Vital statistics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84987837601     PISSN: 15518922     EISSN: 15518930     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Hoyert DL, Singh GK, Rosenberg HM. Sources of data on socioeconomic differential mortality in the United States. Jour Off Stat 11(3):233–60. 1995.
2. Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2014. National vital statistics reports; vol 65 no 5. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2016.
3. Arias E. United States life tables, 2014. National vital statistics reports; Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics [Forthcoming].
4. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999. Technical appendix. Hyattsville, MD. 2004. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/techap99.pdf.
5. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. 2008 ed. Geneva, Switzerland. 2009.
6. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Volume 1. ICD–10, International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tabular list. (Modified by NCHS for use in the classification and analysis of medical mortality data in the U.S.) NCHS instruction manual; part 2e, vol 1. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_ manuals.htm.
7. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Volume 1. ICD–10, International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Alphabetical index. (Modified by NCHS for use in the classification and analysis of medical mortality data in the U.S.) NCHS instruction manual; part 2e, vol 3. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/ instruction_manuals.htm.
8. National Center for Health Statistics. Estimates of the April 1, 2010 resident population of the United States, by county, single-year of age (0, 1, 2,…, 85 years and over), bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex. Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.
9. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2011 bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm.
10. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2012 bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm.
11. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2013 bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm.
12. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2014 bridged-race postcensal population estimates. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm.
13. National Center for Health Statistics. Revised intercensal estimates of the resident population of the United States for July 1, 2001–July 1, 2009, by year, county, single-year of age (0, 1, 2, …, 85 years and over), bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex. Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau; released by NCHS on October 26, 2012. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm.
14. Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Fed Regist 62FR58782. Washington, DC. 1997. Available from: http://federal register.gov/a/97-28653.
15. Ingram DD, Parker JD, Schenker N, et al. United States Census 2000 population with bridged race categories. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(135). 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_135.pdf.
16. Arias E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, et al. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(148). 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_148.pdf.
17. Arias E, Eschbach K, Schauman WS, Backlund EL, Sorlie PD. The Hispanic mortality advantage and ethnic misclassification on US death certificates. Am J Public Health 100 Suppl 1:S171–7. 2010. Available from: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2008.135863.
18. Arias E. United States life tables by Hispanic origin. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(152). 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_152.pdf.
19. Abraido-Lanza AF, Dohrenwend BP, Ng-Mak DS, Turner JB. The Latino mortality paradox: A test of the “salmon bias“ and healthy migrant hypotheses. Am J Public Health 89(10):1543–8. 1999. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508801/pdf/ amjph00010-0085.pdf.
20. Palloni A, Arias E. Paradox lost: Explaining the Hispanic adult mortality advantage. Demography 41(3):385–415. 2004.
21. Hoyert DL, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL. Deaths: Final data for 1997. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 19. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1999. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/nvs47_19.pdf.
22. CDC. Wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER). Underlying cause of death output based on the Detailed Mortality File. Available from: http://wonder.cdc.gov/.
23. Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Bastian BA. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National vital statistics reports; vol 64 no 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2016. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_02.pdf.
24. Sunenshine RH, McDonald LC. Clostridium difficile-associated disease: New challenges from an established pathogen. Cleve Clin J Med 73(2):187–97. 2006.
25. Redelings MD, Sorvillo F, Mascola L. Increase in Clostridium difficile-related mortality rates, United States, 1999–2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13(9). 2007. Available from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/9/pdfs/ 06-1116.pdf.
26. National Center for Health Statistics. Proceedings of the international collaborative effort on injury statistics; vol 1. Hyattsville, MD. 1995. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ice/ice95v1/ice:i.pdf.
27. Fingerhut LA, Cox CS, Warner M. International comparative analysis of injury mortality: Findings from the ICE on Injury Statistics. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 303. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/ad/ad303.pdf.
28. Pamuk E, Makuc D, Heck K, et al. Socioeconomic status and health chartbook. Health, United States, 1998. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/hus/hus98cht.pdf.
29. Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF, Thoma ME. Infant mortality statistics from the 2013 period linked birth/infant death data set. National vital statistics reports; vol 64 no 9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2015. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_09.pdf.
30. National Center for Health Statistics. 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/DEATH11-03final-acc.pdf.
31. Tolson GC, Barnes JM, Gay GA, Kowaleski JL. The 1989 revision of the U.S. standard certificates and reports. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 4(28). 1991. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_04/sr04_028.pdf.
32. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. Geneva, Switzerland. 1992.
33. National Center for Health Statistics, Data Warehouse. Comparability of cause-of-death between ICD revisions. 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality/comparability_icd.htm.
34. National Center for Health Statistics, Data Warehouse. Updated comparability ratios (ICD–10 and ICD–9). 2004. Available from: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/Comparability/icd9_icd10/Comparability_Ratio_tables.xls.
35. Anderson RN, Miniño AM, Hoyert DL, Rosenberg HM. Comparability of cause of death between ICD–9 and ICD–10: Preliminary estimates. National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_02.pdf.
36. Faust MM, Dolman AB. Comparability of mortality statistics for the sixth and seventh revisions, United States, 1958. Vital statistics— Special reports 51(4). Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics. 1965. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ spec_rpt51_04.pdf.
37. Klebba AJ, Dolman AB. Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the international classification of diseases, United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(66). 1975. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ series/sr_02/sr02_066.pdf.
38. Klebba AJ, Scott JH. Estimates of selected comparability ratios based on dual coding of 1976 death certificates by the eighth and ninth revisions of the international classification of diseases. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 28 no 11. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1980. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ data/mvsr/supp/mv28_11s.pdf.
39. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Instructions for classifying the underlying cause of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2a. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_manuals.htm.
40. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Instructions for classifying the multiple causes of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2b. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_manuals.htm.
41. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. ICD–10 ACME decision tables for classifying underlying causes of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2c. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_ manuals.htm.
42. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Data entry instructions for the mortality medical indexing, classification, and retrieval system (MICAR), 1996–1997. NCHS instruction manual; part 2g. Hyattsville, MD. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/nvss/mmds.htm.
43. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Dictionary of valid terms for the mortality medical indexing, classification, and retrieval system (MICAR). NCHS instruction manual; part 2h. Hyattsville, MD. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mmds.htm.
44. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. SuperMICAR data entry instructions. NCHS instruction manual; part 2s. Hyattsville, MD. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nvss/instruction_manuals.htm.
45. National Center for Health Statistics. Public-use data set documentation; control total Table 1: Mortality data set for ICD–10, 2012. Hyattsville, MD. 2015. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ dvs/Record_Layout_2012.pdf.
46. Chamblee RF, Evans MC. TRANSAX: The NCHS system for producing multiple cause-of-death statistics, 1968–78. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1(20). 1986. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_01/sr01_020acc.pdf.
47. Israel RA, Rosenberg HM, Curtin LR. Analytical potential for multiple cause-of-death data. Am J Epidemiol 124(2):161–79. 1986. Available from: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/124/2/161.full.pdf.
48. National Center for Health Statistics. ICD–10 cause-of-death lists for tabulating mortality statistics (updated March 2011 to include WHO updates to ICD–10 for data year 2011). NCHS instruction manual, part 9. Hyattsville, MD. 2011. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ dvs/Part9InstructionManual2011.pdf.
49. Hoyert DL, Arias E, Smith BL, et al. Deaths: Final data for 1999. National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no 8. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_08.pdf.
50. National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System. Computer edits for mortality data, including separate section for fetal deaths. NCHS instruction manual; part 11. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_ manuals.htm.
51. National Center for Health Statistics. ICD–10 cause-of-death querying, 1999. NCHS instruction manual; part 20. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/instruction_ manuals.htm.
52. Miniño AM, Anderson RN, Fingerhut LA, et al. Deaths: Injuries, 2002. National vital statistics reports; vol 54 no 10. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_10.pdf.
53. Office of Management and Budget. Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative reporting. Statistical Policy Directive 15. Washington, DC. 1977. Available from: http://wonder.cdc.gov/ wonder/help/populations/bridged-race/directive15.html.
54. Schenker N, Parker JD. From single-race reporting to multiple-race reporting: Using imputation methods to bridge the transition. Stat Med 22(9):1571–87. 2003.
55. Rosenberg HM, Maurer JD, Sorlie PD, et al. Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: A summary of current research, 1999. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(128). 1999. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_128.pdf.
56. Sorlie PD, Rogot E, Johnson NJ. Validity of demographic characteristics on the death certificate. Epidemiology 3(2):181–4. 1992.
57. Mulry M. Summary of accuracy and coverage evaluation for Census 2000. Research Report Series Statistics #2006–3. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. Available from: http://www.census.gov/ srd/papers/pdf/rrs2006-03.pdf.
58. Poe GS, Powell-Griner E, McLaughlin JK, et al. Comparability of the death certificate and the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(118). 1993. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_118.pdf.
59. U.S. Census Bureau. DSSD 2010 census coverage measurement memorandum series 2010–G–01. 2012. Available from: https://www.census.gov/coverage_measurement/pdfs/g01.pdf.
60. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics of the United States, 1989, vol I, Natality. Technical appendix. Hyattsville, MD. 1993. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/nat89_1.pdf.
61. Hoyert DL. Effect on mortality rates of the 1989 change in tabulating race. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(25). National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 65 No. 4, June 30, 2016 17 1994. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/ sr20_025.pdf.
62. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJK, et al. Births: Final data for 2014. National vital statistics reports; vol 64 no 12. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2015. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf.
63. Sirken MG. Comparison of two methods of constructing abridged life tables by reference to a “standard“ table. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(4). 1966. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_004.pdf.
64. Anderson RN. Method for constructing complete annual U.S. life tables. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(129). 1999. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/ sr02_129.pdf.
65. National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. decennial life tables for 1989–91, vol 1 no 2, Methodology of the national and state life tables. Hyattsville, MD. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ lifetables/life89_1_2.pdf.
66. Wei R, Curtin LR, Arias E, Anderson RN. U.S. decennial life tables for 1999–2001, Methodology of the United States life tables. National vital statistics reports; vol 57 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for vailable from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/Health Statistics. 2008. Adata/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_04.pdf.
67. Miniño AM, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD. Deaths: Final data for 2008. National vital statistics reports; vol 59 no 10. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2011. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr59/nvsr59_10.pdf.
68. Arias E. United States life tables, 2008. National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2012. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_03.pdf.
69. Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2007. National vital statistics reports; vol 58 no 19. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_19.pdf.
70. Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM. Causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy: United States, 1984–89. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(23). 1994. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_023.pdf.
71. Arriaga EE. Changing trends in mortality decline during the last decades. In: Ruzicka L, Wunsch G, Kane P, editors. Differential mortality: Methodological issues and biosocial factors. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1989.
72. Arriaga EE. Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies. Demography 21(1):83–96. 1984.
73. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2014 1-year. Population estimates for 2014 based on unpublished tabulations. 2015.
74. Kominski R, Adams A. Educational attainment in the United States, March 1993 and 1992. Current Population Reports, Population characteristics, P20–476. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1994. Available from: http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/ data/cps/1993/P20-476.pdf.
75. Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ. Validity of education information on the death certificate. Epidemiology 7(4):437–9. 1996.
76. Hoyert DL. Maternal mortality and related concepts. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 3(33). Hyattsville, MD. 2007. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_03/sr03_033.pdf.
77. MacKay AP, Berg CJ, Liu X, Duran C, Hoyert DL. Changes in pregnancy mortality ascertainment: United States, 1999–2005. Obstet Gynecol 118(1): 104–10. 2011.
78. MacKay AP, Berg CJ, Duran C, Chang J, Rosenberg H. An assessment of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 19(3):206–14. 2005.
79. Horon IL, Cheng D. Effectiveness of pregnancy check boxes on death certificates in identifying pregnancy-associated mortality. Public Health Rep 126(2): 195–200. 2011.
80. U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population by single year of age and sex for the United States, states, and Puerto Rico Commonwealth: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014. American Fact Finder. Available from: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2014_PEPANNRES&src=pt.
81. U.S. Census Bureau. International programs. International data base. 2014. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
82. National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race population estimates for April 1, 2000, by county, single-year of age, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (br040100.txt). Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.
83. National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race intercensal population estimates for July 1, 1990–July 1, 1999, by year, county, 5-year age group, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (one ASCII file each per separate year). Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nvss/bridged_race.htm.
84. U.S. Census Bureau. Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin information from the 1990 census: A comparison of census results with results where age and race have been modified, 1990. CPH–L–74. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1991.
85. Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/ nvsr47/nvs47_03.pdf.
86. Brillinger DR. The natural variability of vital rates and associated statistics. Biometrics 42(4):693–734. 1986.
87. Fay MP, Feuer EJ. Confidence intervals for directly standardized rates: A method based on the gamma distribution. Stat Med 16(7):791–801. 1997.
88. Schenker N, Gentleman JF. On judging the significance of differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. Am Stat 55(3):182–6. 2001. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 2685796?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
89. Arnold SF. Mathematical statistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1990.