Compaction and gas loss in welded pyroclastic deposits as revealed by porosity, permeability, and electrical conductivity measurements of the Shevlin Park Tuff

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 126, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 234-247

  Wright, Heather M ^a   Cashman, Katharine V ^b,c  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; COMPACTION; CRACKS; DEPOSITS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT; ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; PETROLEUM DEPOSITS; POROSITY; VOLCANOES; WELDING;

BEST APPROXIMATIONS; CONSTITUENT MATERIALS; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MATRIX PERMEABILITY; PERMEABILITY ANISOTROPY; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE;

PROCESS CONTROL;

COMPACTION; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; PORE SPACE; POROSITY; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSIT; PYROCLASTIC FLOW;

OREGON; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84987657261     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 19432674     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B30668.1     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Ahlers, C.F., and Liu, H.H., 2000, Calibrated Properties Model: Berkeley, California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRWMS M and O.
2. Archie, G.E., 1942, The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics: Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, v. 146, p. 54-62.
3. Bierwirth, P.N., 1982, Experimental welding of volcanic ash [Honours thesis]: Monash University.
4. Bodvarsson, G., Boyle, W., Patterson, R., and Williams, D., 1999, Overview of scientifi c investigations at Yucca Mountain-The potential repository for high-level nuclear waste: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 38, no. 1-3, p. 3-24, doi: 10.1016 /S0169 -7722 (99)00009-1.
5. Branney, M.J., and Kokelaar, P., 2003, Chapter 5. Interpreting ignimbrite lithofacies, in Branney, M.J., and Kokelaar, P., eds., Pyroclastic Density Currents and the Sedimentation of Ignimbrites: Geological Society of London Memoir 27, p. 51-85, doi: 10.1144 /GSL .MEM .2003 .027 .01.05.
6. Brown, R.J., Buse, B., Sparks, R.S.J., and Field, M., 2008, On the welding of pyroclasts from very low-viscosity magmas: Examples from kimberlite volcanoes: The Journal of Geology, v. 116, no. 4, p. 354-374, doi: 10.1086 /588832.
7. Buesch, D.C., and Riehle, J.R., 2007, Cooling history of the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 6, p. 19.
8. Buesch, D.C., Spengler, R.W., Moyer, T.C., and Geslin, J.K., 1996, Proposed Stratigraphic Nomenclature and Macroscopic Identifi cation of Lithostratigraphic Units of the Paintbrush Group Exposed at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-469, 47 p.
9. Capaccioni, B., and Cuccoli, F., 2005, Spatter and welded air fall deposits generated by fi re-fountaining eruptions: Cooling of pyroclasts during transport and deposition: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 145, no. 3-4, p. 263-280, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2005 .02 .001.
10. Caporuscio, F.A., Gardner, J.N., Schultz-Fellenz, E.S., and Kelley, R.E., 2012, Fumarolic pipes in the Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff on the Pajarito Plateau, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, p. 1023-1037, doi: 10.1007 /s00445 -012 -0582-4.
11. Carman, P.C., 1956, Flow of Gases through Porous Media: London, Butterworths Scientifi c Publications, 182 p.
12. Cas, R.A.F., and Wright, J.V., 1987, Volcanic Successions: Modern and Ancient: London, Allen and Unwin, 528 p.
13. Conrey, R.M., Sherrod, D.R., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Taylor, E.M., 2000, The North-Central Oregon Cascade Margin: Exploring Petrologic and Tectonic Intimacy in a Propagating Intra-Arc Rift: Eugune, Oregon, MARGINS, 59 p.
14. Conrey, R., Donnelly-Nolan, J., Taylor, E.M., Champion, D., and Bullen, T., 2001, The Shevlin Park Tuff, central Oregon Cascade Range: Magmatic processes recorded in an arc-related ash-fl ow tuff: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 82, no. 47, abstract V32D-0994.
15. Dingwell, D.B., 1996, Volcanic dilemma: Flow or blow?: Science, v. 273, p. 1054-1055, doi: 10.1126 /science .273 .5278 .1054.
16. Dinwiddie, C.L., Bradbury, K.K., McGinnis, R.N., Fedors, R.W., and Ferrill, D.A., 2006, Fault zone deformation overprints permeability of nonwelded ignimbrite: Chalk Cover Fault, Bishop Tuff, Bishop, California: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, p. 610-627.
17. Dobson, P.F., Kneafsey, T.J., Hulen, J., and Simmon, A., 2003, Porosity, permeability, and fluid flow in the Yellow stone geothermal system, Wyoming: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 123, p. 313- 324, doi: 10.1016 /S0377 -0273 (03)00039-8.
18. Flint, L.E., 1998, Characterization of Hydrogeologic Units Using Matrix Properties of Rock Outcrop Samples at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 97-4243, 64 p.
19. Flint, L.E., Buesch, D.C., and Flint, A.L., 2006, Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 480, doi: 10.2136 /vzj2004 .0180.
20. Foster, S.S.D., Ellis, A.T., Losilla-Penon, M., and Rodriguez-Estrada, H.V., 1985, Role of volcanic tuffs in ground-water regime of Valle Central, Costa Rica: Ground Water, v. 23, p. 795-801, doi: 10.1111 /j.1745 -6584 .1985 .tb01959.x.
21. Fuller, C.M., and Sharp, J.M., Jr., 1992, Permeability and fracture patterns in extrusive volcanic rocks, implications for the welded Santa Tuff, Trans-Pecos Texas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1485-1496, doi: 10.1130 /0016 -7606 (1992)104 <1485: PAFPIE>2.3 .CO;2.
22. Griggs, R.F., 1922, The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes: Washington, National Geographic Society, 341 p. Grisak, G., and Pickens, J., 1980, Solute transport through fractured media: 1. The effect of matrix diffusion: Water Resources Research, v. 16, no. 4, p. 719-730, doi: 10.1029/WR016i004p00719.
23. Grunder, A.L., and Russell, J.K., 2005, Welding processes in volcanology: Insights from fi eld, experimental, and modeling studies: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 142, p. 1-9, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2004 .10 .010.
24. Guéguen, Y., and Dienes, J., 1989, Transport properties of rocks from statistics and percolation: Mathematical Geology, v. 21, p. 1-13, doi: 10.1007 /BF00897237.
25. Hadi, J., Harrison, C., Keller, J., and Rejeki, S., 2005, Overview of Darajat Reservoir Characterization: A Volcanic Hosted Reservoir: Antalya, Turkey, Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, 11 p.
26. Hildreth, W., 2007, Quaternary Magmatism in the Cascades- Geologic Perspectives: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1744, 125 p.
27. Hilfer, R., 1993, Local porosity theory for electrical and hydro dynamical transport through porous media: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, v. 194, p. 406-414.
28. Holt, E.W., and Taylor, H.P., Jr., 1998, 18O/16O mapping and hydrogeology of a short-lived (~10 years) fumarolic (>500 °C) meteoric-hydrothermal event in the upper part of the 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff outfl ow sheet, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 83, p. 115-139, doi: 10.1016 /S0377 -0273 (98)00014-6.
29. Houghton, B.F., Wilson, C.J.N., and Hasson, M., 1988, Density measurements for pyroclasts and pyroclastic rocks: New Zealand Geological Survey Record, v. 35, p. 73-76.
30. Ida, Y., 2007, Driving force of lateral permeable gas fl ow in magma and the criterion of explosive and effusive eruptions: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 162, no. 3-4, p. 172-184, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2007 .03 .005.
31. Innocentini, M.D.M., and Pandolfelli, V.C., 2001, Permeability of porous ceramics considering the Klinkenberg and inertial effects: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, v. 84, no. 5, p. 941-944, doi: 10.1111 /j.1151 -2916 .2001 .tb00772.x.
32. Kamata, H., Suzuki-Kamata, K., and Bacon, C.R., 1993, Defor ma tion of the Wineglass Welded Tuff and the timing of caldera collapse at Crater Lake, Oregon: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 56, p. 253- 265, doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90019-N.
33. Katz, A.J., and Thompson, A.H., 1986, Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock: Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, v. 34, p. 8179-8181, doi: 10.1103 /PhysRevB.34.8179.
34. Keating, G.N., 2005, The role of water in cooling ignimbrites: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 142, p. 145-171, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2004 .10 .019.
35. Keith, T., 1991, Fossil and active fumaroles in the 1912 eruptive deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 45, p. 227-254, doi: 10.1016 /0377 -0273 (91)90061-4.
36. Keith, T.E.C., Casadevall, T.J., and Johnston, D.A., 1981, Fumarole encrustations: Occurrence, mineralogy, and chemistry, in Lipman, P.W., and Mullineaux, D.R., eds., The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1250, p. 239-250.
37. Keller, G.V., Grose, L.T., and Pickett, G.R., 1977, Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock: Golden, Colorado, Colorado School of Mines, 55 p.
38. Klug, C., Cashman, K.V., and Bacon, C.R., 2002, Structure and physical characteristics of pumice from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, p. 486-501, doi: 10.1007 /s00445 -002 -0230-5.
39. Kodosky, L., and Keskinen, M., 1990, Fumarole distribution, morphology, and encrustation mineralogy asso ciated with the 1986 eruptive deposits of Mount St. Augustine, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, p. 175-185, doi: 10.1007/BF00334803.
40. Lenhardt, N., and Götz, A.E., 2011, Volcanic settings and their reservoir potential: An outcrop analog study on the Miocene Tepoztlán Formation, Central Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 204, no. 1-4, p. 66-75, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2011 .03 .007.
41. Le Pennec, J.-L., Hermitte, D., Isya, D., Pezard, P., Coulon, C., Cochemé, J.-J., Mulyadi, E., Ollagnier, F., and Revest , C., 2001, Electrical conductivity and porespace topology of Merapi lavas: Implication for the degassing of porphyritic andesite magmas: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 22, p. 4283-4286, doi: 10.1029 /2001GL013401.
42. Moyer, T.C., and Swanson, D.A., 1987, Secondary hydroeruptions in pyroclastic-fl ow deposits: Examples from Mount St. Helens: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 32, p. 299-319, doi: 10.1016 /0377 -0273 (87)90081-3.
43. Moyer, T.C., Geslin, J.K., and Flint, L.E., 1996, Stratigraphic Relations and Hydrologic Properties of the Paintbrush Tuff Nonwelded (PTn) Hydrologic Unit, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-397, 151 p.
44. Nelson, P.H., and Anderson, L.A., 1992, Physical properties of ash fl ow tuff from Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, no. B5, p. 6823-6841, doi: 10.1029 /92JB00350.
45. Odling, N.E., and Roden, J.E., 1997, Contaminant transport in fractured rocks with signifi cant matrix permeability, using natural fracture geometries: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 263-283, doi: 10.1016 /S0169 -7722 (96)00096-4.
46. Quane, S.L., and Russell, J.K., 2005, Ranking welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 67, p. 129-143, doi: 10.1007 /s00445 -004 -0367-5.
47. Quane, S.L., Russell, J.K., and Friedlander, E.A., 2009, Time scales of compaction in volcanic systems: Geology, v. 37, p. 471-474, doi: 10.1130 /G25625A.1.
48. Rasmussen, T.C., Evans, D.D., Sheets, P.J., and Blanford, J.H., 1993, Permeability of Apache Leap Tuff: Borehole and core measurements using water and air: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1997-2006, doi: 10.1029 /93WR00741.
49. Riehle, J.R., Miller, T.F., and Bailey, R.A., 1995, Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash fl ow tuffs: A computational model: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, p. 319-336.
50. Rogers, D.B., and Gallaher, B.M., 1995, The Unsaturated Hydraulic Characteristics of the Bandelier Tuff: Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-12968-MS, 76 p.
51. Russell, J.K., and Quane, S.L., 2005, Rheology of welding: Inversion of fi eld constraints: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 142, p. 173-191, doi: 10.1016 /j.jvolgeores .2004 .10 .017.
52. Rust, A.C., and Cashman, K.V., 2004, Permeability of vesicular silicic magma: Inertial and hysteresis effects: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 228, no. 1-2, p. 93-107, doi: 10.1016 /j.epsl .2004 .09 .025.
53. Scott, D.H., and Tanaka, K.L., 1982, Ignimbrites of Amazonis Planitia region of Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, no. 1, p. 1179-1190, doi: 10.1029 /JB087iB02p01179.
54. Selley, R.C., 1985, Methods of exploration, in Elements of Petroleum Geology: New York, W.H. Freeman and Company, p. 37-131.
55. Sheridan, M.F., 1970, Fumarolic mounds and ridges of the Bishop Tuff, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 851-868, doi: 10.1130 /0016 -7606 (1970)81[851: FMAROT]2.0 .CO;2.
56. Sheridan, M.F., and Ragan, D.M., 1976, Compaction of ash-fl ow tuffs, in Chilingarian, G.V., and Wolf, K.H., eds., Compaction of Coarse-Grained Sediments, I: Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientifi c Publishing Company, p. 677-717.
57. Sherrod, D.R., Taylor, E.M., Ferns, M.L., Scott, W.E., Conrey, R.M., and Smith, G.A., 2004, Geologic Map of the Bend 30- × 60-Minute Quadrangle, Central Oregon: Geologic Investigations Series I-2683, 48 p.
58. Smith, R.L., 1960b, Zones and Zonal Variations in Welded Ash Flows: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 354, p. 149-159.
59. Smyth, R.C., and Sharp, J.M., Jr., 2006, The hydrology of tuffs, in Heiken, G., ed., Tuffs: Their Properties, Uses, Hydrology, and Resources: Geological Society of America Special Paper 408, p. 91-111.
60. Sparks, R.S.J., and Wright, J.V., 1979, Welded air-fall tuffs, in Chapin, C.E., and Elston, W.E., eds., Ash-Flow Tuffs: Geological Society of America Special Paper 180, p. 155-166.
61. Sparks, R.S.J., Stasiuk, M.V., Gardeweg, M., and Swanson, D.A., 1993, Welded breccias in andesite lavas: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 150, p. 897- 902, doi: 10.1144 /gsjgs .150 .5 .0897.
62. Sparks, R.S.J., Tait, S.R., and Yanev, Y., 1999, Dense welding caused by volatile resorption: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 156, p. 217-225, doi: 10.1144 /gsjgs .156 .2 .0217.
63. Sruoga, P., Rubinstein, N., and Hinterwimmer, G., 2004, Porosity and permeability in volcanic rocks: A case study on the Serie Tobífera, South Patagonia, Argentina: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 132, p. 31-43, doi: 10.1016 /S0377 -0273 (03)00419-0.
64. Stasiuk, M.V., Barclay, J., Carroll, M.R., Jaupart, C., Ratté, J.C., Sparks, R.S.J., and Tait, S.R., 1996, Degassing during magma ascent in the Mule Creek vent (USA): Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 58, no. 2-3, p. 117-130, doi: 10.1007 /s004450050130.
65. Stimac, J.A., Powell, T.S., and Golla, G.U., 2004, Porosity and permeability of the Tiwi geothermal fi eld, Philippines, based on continuous and spot core measurements: Geothermics, v. 33, no. 1-2, p. 87-107, doi: 10.1016 /j.geothermics .2003 .03 .002.
66. Streck, M.J., and Grunder, A.L., 1995, Crystallization and welding variations in a widespread ignimbrite sheet; the Rattlesnake Tuff, eastern Oregon, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, p. 151-169.
67. Taylor, B.E., Eichelberger, J.C., and Westrich, H.R., 1983, Hydrogen isotopic evidence of rhyolitic magma degassing during shallow intrusion and eruption: Nature, v. 306, no. 8, p. 541-545, doi: 10.1038 /306541a0.
68. Torres, R.C., Self, S., and Martinez, M.M.L., 1996, Sec ondary pyroclastic fl ows from the June 15, 1991, ignim brite of Mount Pinatubo. Fire and Mud: Eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines: Seattle , University of Washington Press, p. 625-678.
69. Vidal-Beaudet, L., and Charpentier, S., 2000, Percolation theory and hydrodynamics of soil-peat mixtures: Soil Science Society of America, v. 64, p. 827-835, doi: 10.2136 /sssaj2000 .643827x.
70. Whelley, P.L., Jay, J., Calder, E.S., Pritchard, M.E., Cassidy, N.J., Alcaraz, S., and Pavez, A., 2011, Postdepositional fracturing and subsidence of pumice fl ow deposits: Lascar Volcano, Chile: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 511-531, doi: 10.1007 /s00445 -011 -0545-1.
71. Wilson, C.J.N., and Hildreth, W., 2003, Assembling an ignimbrite: Mechanical and thermal building blocks in the Bishop Tuff, California: The Journal of Geology, v. 111, p. 653-670, doi: 10.1086 /378335.
72. Winograd, I.J., 1971, Hydrogeology of ash fl ow tuff: A preliminary statement: Water Resources Research, v. 7, no. 4, p. 994-1006.
73. Wohletz, K., 2006, Fractures in welded tuff, in Heiken, G., ed., Tuffs: Their Properties, Uses, Hydrology, and Resources: Geological Society of America Special Paper 408, p. 17-31.
74. Wong, P., 1999, Conductivity, permeability, and electrokinetics: Exp erimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, v. 35, p. 119-159.
75. Wong, P., Koplik, J., and Tomanic, J.P., 1984, Conductivity and permeability of rocks: Physical Review B, v. 30, no. 11, p. 6606-6614.
76. Wright, H.M.N., Cashman, K.V., Gottesfeld, E.H., and Roberts, J.J., 2009, Pore structure of volcanic clasts: Measurements of permeability and electrical conductivity: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 280, p. 93-104, doi: 10.1016 /j.epsl .2009 .01 .023.
77. Wright, H.M.N., Lesti, C., Cas, R.A.F., Porreca, M., Viramonte, J., Folkes, C., and Giordano, G., 2011, Columnar jointing in vapor phase altered, non-welded Cerro Galán ignimbrite, Paycuqui, Argentina: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 10, p. 1567-1582, doi: 10.1007 /s00445 -011 -0524-6.
78. Wyllie, M.R.J., and Gregory, A.R., 1955, Fluid fl ow through unconsolidated porous aggregates: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, v. 47, p. 1379-1388, doi: 10.1021 /ie50547a037.
79. Zhang, Y., Stolper, E.M., and Wasserburg, G.J., 1991, Diffusion of water in rhyolitic glasses: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 441-456.