Methylation array data can simultaneously identify individuals and convey protected health information: An unrecognized ethical concern

Clinical Epigenetics

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Philibert, Robert A ^a,b   Terry, Nicolas ^c   Erwin, Cheryl ^d   Philibert, Winter J ^a   Beach, Steven R H ^e,f   Brody, Gene H ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b Behavioral Diagnostics Inc   (United States)

^c Indiana University School of Law Indianapolis   (United States)

^d TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^f University of Georgia   (United States)

Author keywords

Confidentiality; DNA methylation; Ethics; Genetics; Methylation array

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; DNA;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CONFIDENTIALITY; DNA METHYLATION; FEMALE; GENE LOCUS; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEDICAL HISTORY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; SUBSTANCE USE;

EID: 84986333488     PISSN: 18687075     EISSN: 18687083     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-28     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Wheeler DL, Church DM, Edgar R, Federhen S, Helmberg W, Madden TL, Pontius JU, Schuler GD, Schriml LM, Sequeira E: Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information: update. Nucleic Acids Res 2004, 32: D35.
2. de Miguel-Yanes JM, Shrader P, Pencina MJ, Fox CS, Manning AK, Grant RW, Dupuis J, Florez JC, D’Agostino RB, Cupples LA, Miegs JB, MAGIC Investigators, Diagram Investigators: Genetic risk reclassification for type 2 diabetes by age below or above 50 years using 40 type 2 diabetes risk single nucleotide polymorphisms. Diabetes Care 2011, 34: 121-125.
3. Meigs JB, Shrader P, Sullivan LM, McAteer JB, Fox CS, Dupuis J, Manning AK, Florez JC, Wilson PWF, D’Agostino RB, Cupples LA: Genotype score in addition to common risk factors for prediction of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 359: 2208-2219.
4. Gymrek M, McGuire AL, Golan D, Halperin E, Erlich Y: Identifying personal genomes by surname inference. Science 2013, 339: 321-324.
5. Callaway E: Deal done over HeLa cell line. Nature 2013, 500: 132-133.
6. Genomic Data Sharing Policy. http://gds.nih.gov/03policy2.html.
7. Barrett T, Troup DB, Wilhite SE, Ledoux P, Evangelista C, Kim IF, Tomashevsky M, Marshall KA, Phillippy KH, Sherman PM: NCBI GEO: archive for functional genomics data sets-10 years on. Nucleic Acids Res 2011, 39: D1005-D1010.
8. Shenker NS, Polidoro S, van Veldhoven K, Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Birrell MA, Belvisi MG, Brown R, Vineis P, Flanagan JM: Epigenome-wide association study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Turin) identifies novel genetic loci associated with smoking. Hum Mol Genet 2013, 22: 843-851.
9. Philibert RA, Beach SR, Brody GH: Demethylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor as a biomarker for nascent smokers. Epigenetics 2012, 7: 1331-1338.
10. Monick MM, Beach SR, Plume J, Sears R, Gerrard M, Brody GH, Philibert RA: Coordinated changes in AHRR methylation in lymphoblasts and pulmonary macrophages from smokers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012, 159B: 141-151.
11. Joubert BR, Håberg SE, Nilsen RM, Wang X, Vollset SE, Murphy SK, Huang Z, Hoyo C, Midttun Ø, Cupul-Uicab LA, Ueland PM, Wu WC, Nystad W, Bell DA, Peddada SD, London SJ: 450K epigenome-wide scan identifies differential DNA methylation in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 2012, 120: 1425-1431.
12. Shoemaker R, Deng J, Wang W, Zhang K: Allele-specific methylation is prevalent and is contributed by CpG-SNPs in the human genome. Genome Res 2010, 20: 883-889.
13. Dogan MV, Shields B, Cutrona C, Gao L, Gibbons FX, Simons R, Monick M, Brody G, Tan K, Philibert R: The effect of smoking on DNA methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from African American women. BMC Genomics 2014, 15: 151.
14. Elliott H, Tillin T, McArdle W, Ho K, Duggirala A, Frayling T, Davey Smith G, Hughes A, Chaturvedi N, Relton C: Differences in smoking associated DNA methylation patterns in South Asians and Europeans. Clinical Epigenetics 2014, 6: 4.
15. Zeilinger S, Kühnel B, Klopp N, Baurecht H, Kleinschmidt A, Gieger C, Weidinger S, Lattka E, Adamski J, Peters A, Strauch K, Waldenberger M, Illig T: Tobacco smoking leads to extensive genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. PLoS One 2013, 8: e63812.
16. Shenker NS, Ueland PM, Polidoro S, van Veldhoven K, Ricceri F, Brown R, Flanagan JM, Vineis P: DNA methylation as a long-term biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Epidemiology 2013, 24: 712-716.
17. Philibert R, Beach SR, Li K-M, Brody G: Changes in DNA methylation at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor may be a new biomarker for smoking. Clinical Epigenetics 2013, 5: 19-26.
18. Besingi W, Johansson A: Smoke-related DNA methylation changes in the etiology of human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014, 23: 2290-2297.
19. Rakyan VK, Beyan H, Down TA, Hawa MI, Maslau S, Aden D, Daunay A, Busato F, Mein CA, Manfras B, Dias KR, Bell CG, Tost J, Boehm BO, Beck S, Leslie RD: Identification of type 1 diabetes-associated DNA methylation variable positions that precede disease diagnosis. PLoS Genet 2011, 7: e1002300.
20. Toperoff G, Aran D, Kark JD, Rosenberg M, Dubnikov T, Nissan B, Wainstein J, Friedlander Y, Levy-Lahad E, Glaser B, Hellman A: Genome-wide survey reveals predisposing diabetes type 2-related DNA methylation variations in human peripheral blood. Hum Mol Genet 2012, 21: 371-383.
21. Philibert R, Penaluna B, White T, Shires S, Gunter TD, Liesveld J, Erwin C, Hollenbeck N, Osborn T: A pilot examination of the genome-wide DNA methylation signatures of subjects entering and exiting short-term alcohol dependence treatment programs. Epigenetics 2014, 9: 1212-1219.
22. Code of Federal Regulations. In Book Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register. Title 45, Parts 160 and 164. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2007-title45-vol1/content-detail.html.
23. McGraw D: Building public trust in uses of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act de-identified data. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2013, 20: 29-34.
24. World Heath Organization: Declaration of Helsinki. JAMA 2013, 310: 2191-2194.
25. Benitez K, Malin B: Evaluating re-identification risks with respect to the HIPAA privacy rule. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2010, 17: 169-177.
26. Gostin LO, Levit LA, Nass SJ: Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy. Improving Health Through Research. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2009.
27. Privacy and Progress in Whole Genome Sequencing. In Privacy and Progress in Whole Genome Sequencing. 2012. http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/PrivacyProgress508_1.pdf.
28. The National Practitioner Databank: Data Use Agreement. http://www.npdb.hrsa.gov/resources/publicData.jsp.
29. Bucholz KK, Cadoret R, Cloninger CR, Dinwiddie SH, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Reich T, Schmidt I, Schuckit MA: A new, semi-structured psychiatric interview for use in genetic linkage studies: a report on the reliability of the SSAGA. J Stud Alcohol 1994, 55: 149-158.