Homarus Species

Lobsters: Biology, Management, Aquaculture and Fisheries

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 310-339

  Cobb, J Stanley ^a   Castro, Kathleen M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84986293337     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470995969.ch9     Document Type: Chapter

References (179)

1. Acheson, J.M. (2001) Confounding the goals of management: response of the Maine lobster industry to a trap limit. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 21 (2), 404-16.
2. Addison, J.T. & Bannister, R.C.A. (1998) Quantifying potential impacts of behavioral factors on crustacean stock monitoring and assessment: modeling and experimental approaches. In: G.S. Jamieson & A. Campbell (Eds) Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 125, 167-77.
3. Addison, J.T. & Bell, M.C. (1997) Simulation modeling of capture processes in trap fisheries for clawed lobsters. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48, 1035-44.
4. Agnalt, A.-L., van der Meeren, G.I., Jprstad, K.E., Nss, H., Farestveit, E., Npstvold, E., Korspen, E., Ydstebp, L. & Svâsand, T. (1999) Stock enhancement of European lobster (Homarus gammarus); a large-scale experiment off southwestern Norway (Kvitspy). In: B. Howell, E. Moksness & T. Svâsand (Eds) Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching. Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 401-19.
5. Aiken, D.E., Waddy, S.L. & Uhazy, L.S. (1985) Aspects of the biology of Pseudocarcinonemertes homari and its association with the American lobster, HA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 351-6.
6. Aiken, D.E. & Waddy, S.L. (1995) Aquaculture. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
7. Aiken, D.E., Waddy, S.L. & Mercer, S.M. (2004) Confirmation of external fertilization in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 24, 474-80.
8. Anderson, J.R. & May, R.M. (1979) Population biology of infectious disease Part I. Nature, 280, 361-7.
9. Anderson, R.M. & May, R.M. (1978) Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions. 1. Regulatory processes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 47, 219-47.
10. ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission) (2005) Lobster Stock Assessment Model Technical Review. Special Report 82.
11. Atema, J. & Voigt, R. (1995) Behavior and sensory biology. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
12. Ball, B., Linnane, A., Munday, B., Browne, R. & Mercer, J.P. (2001) The effect of cover on in situ predation in early benthic phase European lobster Homarus gammarus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 81 (4), 639-42.
13. Bannister, R.C.A. & Addison, J.T. (1998) Enhancing lobster stocks: a review of recent European methods, results and future prospects. Bulletin of Marine Science, 62, 369-87.
14. Barry, J. & Wickins, J.F. (1992) A model for the number and sizes of crevices that can be seen on the exposed surface of submerged rock reefs. Environmetrics, 3, 55-69.
15. Bax, N.J. (1998) The significance and prediction of predation in marine fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 55, 997-1030.
16. Beck, M.W. (1995) Size-specific shelter limitation in stone crabs: a test of the demographic bottleneck hypothesis. Ecology, 76, 968-80.
17. Beck, M.W. (1997) A test of the generality of the effects of shelter bottlenecks in four stone crab populations. Ecology, 78, 2487-503.
18. Becker, P., Smolowitz, R., Porter, M., Hsu, A. & Roberts, S. (2004) Characterization of bacteria associated with lobster shell disease. Biological Bulletin, 207 (2), 171.
19. Biggers, W.J. & Laufer, H. (2004) Identification of juvenile hormone-active alkylphenols in the lobster, Homarus americanus and in marine sediments. Biological Bulletin, 206, 13-24.
20. Briggs, P.T. & Mushacke, F.M. (1980) The American lobster and the pot fishery in the inshore waters off the south shore of Long Island, New York. New York Fish Game Journal, 27, 156-78.
21. Briggs, P.T. & Zawacki, C.S. (1974) American lobsters at artificial reefs in New York. New York Fish and Game Journal, 21, 73-7.
22. Brown, C.R. & Brown, M.B. (1986) Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows. Ecology, 67 (5), 1206-18.
23. Browne, R. (1999) Studies on the European Lobster Homarus gammarus L: Fisheries Practices, Research Management, Cultivation and Stock Enhancement Techniques with Observations on the Fishery and Larval Cultivation of Spiny Lobster Palinurus elephas. PhD dissertation, National University of Ireland, Galway.
24. Caddy, J.F. (1986) Modeling stock-recruitment processes in Crustacea: some practical and theoretical perspectives. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43, 2330-44.
25. Caddy, J.F. (2003) Scaling elapsed time: an alternative approach to modelling crustacean moulting schedules? Fisheries Research, 63, 73-84.
26. Cadrin, S.X. (1995) Discrimination of American lobster (Homarus americanus) stocks off southern New England on the basis of secondary sex character allometry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52, 2712-23.
27. Cadrin, S.X. (2000) Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology, 10, 91-112.
28. Campbell, A. (1983) Growth of tagged lobsters (Homarus americanus) off Port Maitland, Nova Scotia, 1946-80. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1232, 1-10.
29. Campbell, A. & Brattey, J. (1986) Egg loss from the American lobster. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43, 772-80.
30. Castro, K.M. (2003) Assessing the Impact of Habitat and Stock Enhancement for the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. PhD dissertation, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.
31. Castro, K.M. & Angell, T.E. (2000) Prevalence and progression of shell disease in American lobster from Rhode Island and the offshore canyons. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19 (2), 691-700.
32. Castro, K.M., Cobb, J.S., Wahle, R.A. & Catena, J. (2001) Habitat addition and stock enhancement for American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52 (8), 1253-61.
33. Castro, M., Encarnacao, P. & Tully, O. (2002) The effect of dietary antioxidants on lipofuscin accumulation in the crustacean brain. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 269, 53-64.
34. Chang, E.S. (1995) Physiological and biochemical changes during the molt cycle in decapod crustaceans: an overview. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 193, 1-14.
35. Chang, E.S., Chang, S.A. & Mulder, E.P. (2001) Hormones in the lives of crustaceans: an overview. American Zoologist, 41, 1090-7.
36. Cheng, J.H. & Chang, E.S. (1993) Determinants of postmoult size in the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50 (10), 2106-11.
37. Cobb, J.N. (1899) The lobster fishery of Maine. Bulletin of the United States Fisheries Commission, 19, 241-66.
38. Cobb, J.S. (1971) The shelter related behavior of the lobster Homarus americanus. Ecology, 52, 108-15.
39. Cobb, J.S. (1995) Interface of ecology, behavior and fisheries In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
40. Cobb, J.S., Wang, D. & Campbell, D.B. (1989) Timing of settlement by postlarval lobsters (Homarus americanus): field and laboratory evidence. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 9, 60-6.
41. Cobb, J.S., Booth, J.D. & Clancy, M. (1997) Recruitment strategies in lobsters and crabs: a comparison. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48, 797-806.
42. Comeau, M. & Savoie, F. (2001) Growth increment and molt frequency of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the southwestern Gulf of St Lawrence. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 923-36.
43. Comeau, M. & Savoie, F. (2002) Maturity and reproductive cycle of the female American lobster, Homarus americanus in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 22, 762-74.
44. Conan, G.Y. (1985) Periodicity and phasing of moulting. In: A.M. Wenner (Ed.) Crustacean Issues, 3, Factors in Adult Growth. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 73-98.
45. Conan, G.Y., Comeau, M. & Moriyasu, M. (2001) Are morphometrical approaches appropriate to establish size at maturity for male Homarus americanus? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 937-47.
46. Cooper, R.A. & Uzmann, J.R. (1973) Migrations and growth of deep-sea lobsters, Homarus americanus. Science, 171, 288-90.
47. Crecco, V. (2000) The Effect of Intense Gear Saturation on the Assessment and Management of American Lobster (Homarus americanus). Stock Assessment Report No. 00-01 (Supplement) of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, July 2000, Washington DC. Appendix G, pp. 507-28.
48. Crivello, J.F., Landers, D.F. & Keser, M. (2005) The genetic stock structure of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in Long Island Sound and the Hudson Canyon, Journal of Shellfish Research, 24, 841-8.
49. Curtis, L.A. (1987) Vertical distribution of an estuarine snail altered by a parasite. Science, 235, 1509-11.
50. Dove, A.D.M., LoBue, C., Bowser, P. & Powell, M. (2004) Excretory calcinosis: a new fatal disease of wild American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 58 (2-3), 215-21.
51. Dumbauld, B.R., Visser, E.P., Armstrong, D.A., Cole-Warner, L., Feldman, K.L. & Kauffman, B.E. (2000) Use of oyster shell to create habitat for juvenile Dungeness crab in Washington coastal estuaries: status and prospects. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19, 379-86.
52. Dunham, PW. & Skinner-Jacobs, D. (1978) Intermolt mating in the lobster (Homarus americanus). Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 5, 209-14.
53. Emery, K.O., Merrill, A.S. & Druffel, E.R.M. (1988) Changed late Quartenary marine environments on Atlantic continental shelf and upper slope. Quartenary Research, 30, 251-69.
54. Ennis, G.P (1995) Larval and postlarval ecology. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
55. Ennis, G.P. & Fogarty, M.J. (1997) Recruitment overfishing reference point for the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48, 1029-34.
56. Estrella, B.T. & Cadrin, S.X. (1995) Fecundity of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in Massachusetts coastal waters. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 199, Copenhagen.
57. Factor, J.R. (Ed.) (1995) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
58. Fogarty, M.J. (1995) Populations, fisheries, and management. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
59. Fogarty, M.J. (1998) Implications of larval dispersal and directed migration in American lobster stocks: spatial structure and resilience. Canadian Special Publication Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 125, 273-83.
60. Fogarty, M.J. & Addison, J.T. (1992) Stochastic Models for Stationary Gear Fisheries. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen.
61. Fogarty, M.J. & Gendron, L. (2004) Biological reference points for American lobster (Homarus americanus) populations: limits to exploitation and the precautionary approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61, 1392-403.
62. Fogarty, M.J. & Idoine, J.S. (1986) Recruitment dynamics in an American lobster (Homarus americanus) population. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43, 2368-76.
63. Free, E.K., Tyler, P.A. & Addison, J.T. (1992) Lobster (Homarus gammarus) Fecundity and Maturity in England and Wales. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas Council Meeting Papers, Copenhagen.
64. Funch, P. & Kristensen, R.M. (1995) Cycliophora is a new phylum with affinities to Endoprocta and Ectoprocta. Nature, 378, 711-14.
65. Gendron, L. & Brethes, J.C. (2002) Simulations of the impact of different temporal and spatial allocations of fishing effort on fishing mortality in a lobster fishery. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59 (5), 899-909.
66. Gendron, L., Fradette, P. & Godbout, G. (2001) The importance of rock crab (Cancer irroratus) for growth, condition and ovary development of adult American lobster (Homarus americanus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 262 (2), 221-41.
67. Getchell, R.G. (1989) Bacterial shell disease in crustaceans: a review. Journal of Shellfish Research, 8 (1), 1-6.
68. Gil-Turnes, M.S. & Fenical, W. (1992) Embryos of Homarus americanus are protected by epibiotic bacteria. Biological Bulletin, 185, 105-8.
69. Gosselin, T., Sainte-Marie, B. & Bernatchez, L. (2003) Patterns of sexual cohabitation and female ejaculate storage in the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 55, 151-60.
70. Groeneveld, J.C., Butterworth, D.S., Glazer, J.P., Branch, G.M. & Cockcroft, A.C. (2003) An experimental assessment of the impact of gear saturation on an abundance index for an exploited rock lobster resource. Fisheries Research, 65, 453-65.
71. Hancock, D.A. & Edwards, E. (1967) Estimation of annual growth in the edible crab (Cancer pagurus). Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 31, 246-64.
72. Harding, G.C., Pringle, J.D., Vass, W.P., Pearre, S. & Smith, S.J. (1987) Vertical distribution and daily movements of larval lobsters Homarus americanus over Brown's Bank, Nova Scotia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 41, 29-41.
73. Harding, G.C., Kenchington, E.L., Bird, C.J., Pezzack, D.S. & Landry, D.C. (1997) Genetic relationships among subpopulations of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 1762-71.
74. Hart, B.L. (1990) Behavioral adaptations to pathogens and parasites: five strategies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 14, 273-94.
75. Hartnoll, R.G. (2001) Growth in Crustacea - twenty years on. Hydrobiologia, 449, 111-22.
76. Herrick, F.H. (1895) The American lobster: a study of its habits and development. Bulletin of the US Fish Commission for 1895, 252 pp.
77. Hudon, C. & Fradette, P. (1993) Wind-induced advection of larval decapods into Baie de Plaisance (Iles de la Madeleine, Quebec). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 1422-34.
78. Hughes, J.T. & Matthiessen, A.C. (1962) Observations on the biology of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Limnology and Oceanography, 7, 414-21.
79. Incze, L.S. & Naimie, C.E. (2000) Modelling the transport of lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae and postlarvae in the Gulf of Maine. Fisheries Oceanography, 9, 99-113.
80. Incze, L.S., Wahle, R.A. & Cobb, J.S. (1997) Quantitative relationships between postlarval production and benthic recruitment in lobsters, Homarus americanus. Marine and Freshwater Research, 48, 729-43.
81. Incze, L.S., Wahle, R.A. & Palma, A.T. (2000) Advection and settlement rates in a benthic invertebrate, recruitment to first benthic stage in Homarus americanus. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 430-7.
82. Incze, L.S., Wolff, N. & Wahle, R.A. (2003) Can scientific observations of early life stages be scaled up to the level of a fished population? A case study using Homarus americanus. Fisheries Research, 65, 33-46.
83. James-Pirri, M.J. & Cobb, J.S. (1997) Growth rates of planktonic and newly settled American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 160, 233-40.
84. James-Pirri, M.J., Cobb, J.S. & Wahle, R.A. (1998) Influence of settlement time and size on postsettlement growth in the American lobster. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 2436-46.
85. Jensen, A.C., Collins, K.J., Free, E.K. & Bannister, R.C.A. (1994) Lobster (Homarus gammarus) movement on an artificial reef: the potential use of artificial reefs for stock enhancement Crustaceana, 67, 198-221.
86. Jensen, A., Collins, K. & Smith, P. (2000a) The Poole Bay artificial reef project. In: A. Jensen (Ed.) Artificial Reefs in European Seas. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. pp. 263-87.
87. Jensen, A., Wickins, J. & Bannister, C. (2000b) The potential use of artificial reefs to enhance lobster habitat. In: A. Jensen (Ed.) Artificial Reefs in European Seas. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. pp. 379401.
88. Jones, M.W., O'Reilly, P.T., McPherson, A.A., McParland, T.L., Armstrong, D.E., Cox, A.J., Spence, K.R., Kenchington, E.L., Taggart, C.T. & Bentzen, P. (2003) Development, characterisation, inheritance, and crossspecies utility of American lobster (Homarus americanus) microsatellite and mtDNA PCR-RFLP markers. Genome, 46, 59-69.
89. Jorstad, K.E., Prodöhl, P.A., Agnalt, A.L., Hughes, M., Apostolidis, A.P., Triantafyllidis, A., Farestveit, E., Kristiansen, T.S., Mercer, J. & Svâsand, T. (2004) Sub-Arctic populations of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) in Northern Norway. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 69, 223-31.
90. Ju, S.J., Secor, D.H. & Harvey, H.R. (2003) Demographic assessment of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Chesapeake Bay using extractable lipofuscins as age markers. Fishery Bulletin, 101, 312-20.
91. Juanes, F. & Smith, L.D. (1995) The ecological consequences of limb damage and loss in decapod crustaceans: a review and prospectus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 193, 197-223.
92. Jury, S.H., Howell, H., O'Grady, D.F. & Watson W.H., III (2001) Lobster trap video: in situ video surveillance of the behavior of Homarus americanus in and around traps. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1125-32.
93. Jury, S.H., Chabot, C.C. & Watson W.H., III (2005) Daily and circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 318, 61-70.
94. Karnofsky, E.B. & Price, H.J. (1989) Behavioral response of the lobster, Homarus americanus to traps. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1625-32.
95. Katz, C.H., Cobb, J.S. & Spaulding, M. (1994) Larval behavior, hydrodynamic transport, and potential offshore recruitment in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 103, 265-73.
96. Keymer, A.E. & Read, A.F. (1991) Behavioral ecology: the impact of parasitism. In: C.A. Toft, A. Aesclimann & L. Bolis (Eds) Host-Parasite Associations: Coexistence or Conflict? Oxford University Press, New York. pp. 37-61.
97. Kornfield, I., Williams, A.B. & Steneck, R.S. (1995) Assignment of Homarus capensis, the Cape lobster of South Africa, to Homarinus new genus (Decapoda: Nephropidae). Fishery Bulletin, 93, 97-102.
98. Krebs, J.R. & Davies, N.B. (1993) An Introduction to Behavioral Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
99. Krouse, J.S. (1973) Maturity, sex ratio, and size composition of the natural population of American lobster, Homarus americanus, along the Maine coast. Fishery Bulletin, 71, 165-73.
100. Landers, D.F., Keser, M. & Saila, S.B. (2001) Changes in female lobster size at maturity and implications for the lobster resource in Long Island Sound, Connecticut. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1283-90.
101. Lavalli, K.L. & Lawton, P. (1996) Historical review of lobster life history terminology and proposed modifications to current schemes. Crustaceana, 69, 594-609.
102. Lawton, P. & Lavalli, K.L. (1995) Postlarval, juvenile, and adult ecology. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
103. Lizárraga-Cubedo, H.A., Tuck, I., Bailey, N., Pierce, G.J. & Kinnear, J.A.M. (2003) Comparisons of size at maturity and fecundity of two Scottish populations of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. Fisheries Research, 65, 137-52.
104. MacCormack, T.J. & DeMont, M.E. (2003) Regional differences in allometric growth in Atlantic Canadian lobster (Homarus americanus). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23, 258-64.
105. MacKenzie, B.R. (1988) Assessment of temperature effects on interrelationships between stage durations, mortality and growth in laboratory-reared Homarus americanus Milne Edwards larvae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 116, 87-98.
106. McKenzie, T.P. (1989) Foraging Behavior of Juvenile American Lobsters under Predation Risk. MSc thesis, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.
107. McLeese, D.W. & Wilder, D.G. (1958) The activity and catchability of the lobster (H. americanus) in relation to temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board, Canada, 15, 1345-54.
108. Mercer, J.P., Bannister, R.C.A., van der Meeren, G.I., Debuse, V., Mazzoni, D., Lovewell, S., Browne, R., Linnane, A. & Ball, B. (2001) An overview of the LEAR (Lobster Ecology and Recruitment) project results of field and experimental studies on the juvenile ecology of Homarus gammarus in cobble. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1291-301.
109. Miller, R.J. (1990) Effectiveness of crab and lobster traps. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 1228-51.
110. Miller, R.J. (1997) Spatial differences in the productivity of American lobster in Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 1613-18.
111. Moksness, E., Stoele, R. & van der Meeren, G. (1998) Profitability analysis of sea ranching with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and European lobster (Homarus gammarus) in Norway. Bulletin of Marine Science, 62, 689-99.
112. Momot, W.T. (1998) An example of how exploitation can increase production and yield in a northern crayfish (Oro- nectes virilis) population. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management, Special Publication Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 125, 225-33.
113. Morizur, Y. (1981) Evaluation of egg loss during incubation in Nephrops norvegicus (L.) in South Brittany, France. Crustaceana, 41, 301-6.
114. Nedved, O. (2004) Occurrence of the phylum Cycliophora in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 277, 297-9.
115. Nelson, K. & Hedgecock, D. (1977) Electrophoretic evidence of multiple paternity in the American lobster Homarus americanus. American Naturalist, 111, 361-5.
116. Nelson, G.A., Chase, B.C. & Stockwell, J. (2003) Food habits of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in coastal waters of Massachusetts. Journal of Northwest Fishery Science, 32, 1-25.
117. Nichols, J.H. & Lawton, P. (1978) The occurrence of the larval stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758) off the northeast coast of England in 1976. Journal du Conseil, 38, 234-43.
118. Nichols, J.H. & Lovewell, S.J. (1987) Lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus L.) investigations in Bridlington Bay. Can quantitative sampling be confined to the neuston layer? Journal of Natural History, 21, 825-41.
119. Nicosia, F. & Lavalli, K.L. (1999) Homarid lobster hatcheries: their history and role in research, management, and aquaculture. Marine Fisheries Review, 61, 1-57.
120. Norden, W. (2003) Risk of Predation during Settlement for the Postlarval Lobster Homarus americanus. MSc thesis, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.
121. Norman, C.P. & Jones, M.B. (1993) Reproductive ecology of the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber, (Brachyura: Portunidae), at Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73, 379-89.
122. Palma, A.T., Wahle, R.A. & Steneck, R.S. (1998) Different early post-settlement strategies between American lobsters Homarus americanus and rock crabs Cancer irroratus in the Gulf of Maine. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 162, 215-25.
123. Palma, A.T., Steneck, R.S. & Wilson, C.J. (1999) Settlement-driven, multiscale demographic patterns of large benthic decapods in the Gulf of Maine. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 241, 107-36.
124. Perkins, H.C. (1971) Egg loss during incubation from offshore northern lobsters (Decapoda: Homaridae). Fishery Bulletin, 69, 451-3.
125. Petruny-Parker, M.E., Castro, K.M., Schwartz, M.L., Skrobe, L.G. & Somers, B. (2005) Proceedings of the New England Workshops on Marine Protected Areas. Rhode Island Sea Grant, Narragansett, RI.
126. Rogers, B.A., Cobb, J.S. & Marshall, N. (1968) Size comparisons of inshore and offshore larvae of the lobster, Homarus americanus, off southern New England. Proceedings of the National Shellfish Association, 58, 78-81.
127. Rowe, S. (2001) Movement and harvesting mortality of American lobsters tagged inside and outside no-take reserves in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58 (7), 1336-46.
128. Saila, S.B., Nixon, S.W. & Oviatt, C.A. (2002) Does lobster trap bait influence the Maine inshore trap fishery? North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 22, 602-5.
129. Sainte-Marie, B. & Chabot, D. (2002) Ontogentic shift in natural diet during benthic stages of American lobster off the Magdalen Islands. Fishery Bulletin, 100 (1), 106-16.
130. Savoie, F. & Maynard, D.R. (1991) Egg production of lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada. Journal of Shellfish Research, 10, 299.
131. Scarratt, D.J. (1964) Abundance and distribution of lobster larvae (Homarus americanus) in Northumberland Strait. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21, 661-80.
132. Scarratt, D.J. (1973a) Abundance, survival, and vertical and diurnal distribution of lobster larvae in Northumberland Strait, 1962-1963 and their relationship with commercial stocks. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30, 1819-24.
133. Scarratt, D.J. (1973b) Lobster Populations on a Man-made Rocky Reef. ICES Shellfish and Benthos Committee CM/K.
134. Sheehy, D. (1976) Utilization of artificial shelters by the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada, 33 (7), 1615-22.
135. Sheehy, M.R.J. (1989) Crustacean brain lipofuscin: an examination of the morphological pigment in the fresh-water crayfish Cherax cuspidatus (Parastacidae) Journal of Crustacean Biology, 9, 387-91.
136. Sheehy, M.R.J. (1990) Widespread occurrence of fluorescent morphological lipofuscin in the crustacean brain. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10, 613-22.
137. Sheehy, M.R.J. & Bannister, R.C.A. (2002) Year-class detection reveals climatic modulation of settlement strength in the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59, 1132-43.
138. Sheehy, M.R.J., Shelton, P.M.J., Wickins, J.F., Belchier, M. & Gaten, E. (1996) Ageing the European lobster Homarus gammarus by the lipofuscin in its eyestalk ganglia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 143, 99-111.
139. Sheehy, M., Caputi, N., Chubb, C. & Belchier, M. (1998) Use of lipofuscin for resolving cohorts of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 925-36.
140. Sheehy, M.R.J., Bannister, R.C.A., Wickins, J.F. & Shelton, P.M.J. (1999) New perspectives on the growth and longevity of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 1904-15.
141. Snieszko, S.F. & Taylor, C.C. (1947) A bacterial disease of the lobster Homarus americanus. Science, 105, 500.
142. Spanier, E. (1994) What are the characteristics of a good artificial reef for lobsters? Crustaceana, 67, 173-86.
143. Spees, J.L., Chang, S.A., Synder, M.J. & Chang, E.S. (2002) Thermal acclimation and stress in the American lobster, Homarus americanus: equivalent temperature shifts elicit unique gene expression patterns for molecular chaperones and polyubiquitin. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 7 (1), 97-106.
144. Steimle, F.W., Pikanowski, R.A., McMillan, D.G., Zetlin, C.A. & Wilk, S.J. (2000) Demersal Fish and American Lobster Diets in the Lower Hudson - Raritan Estuary. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS 161.
145. Stentiford, G.D., Neil, D.M., Atkinson, R.J.A. & Bailey, N. (2000) Behavioral and Locomotor Changes in Hemato- dinium-infected Norway Lobsters, Nephrops norvegicus. Abstract presented at 6th International Lobster Conference 2000, Key West, Florida.
146. Sullivan, B.K., Keuren, D.V. & Clancy, M. (2001) Timing and the size of blooms of the ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi in relation to temperature in Narragansett Bay, RI. Hydrobiologia, 451, 113-20.
147. Talbot, P. & Helluy, S. (1995) Reproduction and embryonic development. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
148. Tall, B.D., Fall, S., Pereira, M.R., Ramos-Valle, M., Curtis, S.K., Kothary, M.H., Chu, D.M.T., Monday, S.R., Kornegay, L., Donkar, T., Prince, D., Thunberg, R.L., Shangraw, K.A., Hanes, D.E., Khambaty, F.M., Lampel, K.A., Bier, J.W. & Bayer, R.C. (2003) Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis-like strains implicated in limp lobster disease. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (12), 7435-46.
149. Tam, Y.K. & Kornfield, I. (1998) Phylogenetic relationships of clawed lobster genera (Decapoda: Nephropidae) based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 18, 138-46.
150. Templeman, W. (1934) Mating in the American lobster. Contributions of Canadian Biology and Fisheries (NS), 8, 423-58.
151. Tracey, M.L., Nelson, K., Hedgecock, D., Shlesser, R.A. & Pressick, M.L. (1975) Biochemical genetics of lobsters: genetic variation and structure of American lobster (Homarus americanus) populations. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32, 2091-101.
152. Tremblay, M.J. & Smith, S.J. (2001) Lobster (H. americanus) catchability in different habitats in late spring and early fall. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1321-31.
153. Triantafyllidis, A., Apostolidis, A.P., Katsares, V., Kelly, E., Mercer, J., Hughes, M., Jqrstad, K.E., Tsolou, A., Hynes, R. & Triantaphyllidid, C. (2005) Mitochondrial DNA variation in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) throughout the range. Marine Biology, 146, 223-36.
154. Tshudy, D. & Parsons, G.A. (1998) Intraspecific variation in external morphology of the American lobster, Homarus americanus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society Washington, 111, 102-9.
155. Tully, O. (2001) Impact of the v-notching technical conservation measure on reproductive potential in a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery in Ireland. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1551-8.
156. Tully, O., O'Donovan, V. & Fletcher, D. (2000) Metabolic rate and lipofuscin accumulation in juvenile European lobster (Homarus americanus) in relation to simulated seasonal changes in temperature. Marine Biology, 137, 1031-40.
157. Tully, O., Roantree, V. & Robinson, M. (2001) Maturity, fecundity and reproductive potential of the European lobster (H. gammarus) in Ireland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 81, 61-8.
158. Uglem, I., Belchier, M. & Svâsand, T. (2005) Age determination of European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) by histological quantification of lipofuscin. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 25, 95-9.
159. Ulrich, I., Mueller, J., Schuett, C. & Buchholz, F. (2001) A study of population genetics in the European lobster, Homarus gammarus (Decapoda, Nephropidae). Crustaceana, 74, 825-37.
160. van der Meeren, G.I. (2003) The Potential of Ecological Studies to Improve on the Survival of Cultivated and Released Aquatic Organisms. PhD dissertation, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
161. Waddy, S.L. & Aiken, D.E. (1990) Intermoult insemination: an alternative mating strategy for the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 2402-6.
162. Waddy, S.L. & Aiken, D.E. (2000) Problems with the terminology proposed by Lavalli & Lawton for certain life history phases of the American lobster Homarus americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 197, 309-10.
163. Waddy, S.L., Aiken, D.E. & Kleijn, D.P.V de. (1995) Control of growth and reproduction In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
164. Wahle, R.A. (1992a) Body-size-dependent anti-predator mechanisms of the American lobster and a model of their trade-offs. Oikos, 65, 52-60.
165. Wahle, R.A. (1992b) Substratum constraints on body size and the behavioral scope of shelter use in the American lobster. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 159, 59-75.
166. Wahle, R.A. (2003) Revealing stock-recruitment relationships in lobsters and crabs: is experimental ecology the key? Fisheries Research, 65, 3-32.
167. Wahle, R.A. & Steneck, R.S. (1991) Recruitment habitats and nursery grounds of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), a demographic bottleneck? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 69, 231-43.
168. Wahle, R.A. & Steneck, R.S. (1992) Habitat restrictions in early benthic life, experiments on substratum selection and in situ predation with the American lobster. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 157, 91-114.
169. Wahle, R.A. & Incze, L.S. (1997) Pre- and post-settlement processes in recruitment of the American lobster. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 217, 179-207.
170. Wahle, R.A., Tully, O. & O'Donovan, V. (1996) Lipofuscin as an indicator of age in crustaceans, analysis of the pigment in the lobster, Homarus americanus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 138, 117-23.
171. Wahle, R.A., Tully, O. & O'Donovan, V. (2001) Environmentally mediated crowding effects on growth, survival and metabolic rate of juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus). Marine and Freshwater Research, 52, 1157-65.
172. Wahle, R.A., Incze, L.S. & Fogarty, M.J. (2004) First projections of American lobster fishery recruitment using a settlement index and variable growth. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74, 101-14.
173. Waltz, C. (1989) The effects of temperature and trap density on the catchability of the American lobster. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Life History of the American Lobster. 29-30 November, 1989, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
174. Watts, H.J. & MacPherson, H.C. (2002) White Hake Urophycis tenuis Predation on Juvenile American Lobster in St Georges Bay, Nova Scotia. Preliminary Report of Research Results, Phase III. SRSF Research Report 6.
175. Weiss, H.M. (1970) The Diet and Feeding Behavior of the Lobster, Homarus americanus in Long Island Sound. PhD dissertation. University of Connecticut.
176. Wilder, D.G. (1963) Movement, growth and survival of marked and tagged lobsters liberated in Egmont Bay, Prince Edward Island. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 20, 305-18.
177. Williams, A.B. (1995) Taxonomy and evolution. In: J.R. Factor (Ed.) Biology of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. Academic Press, San Diego.
178. Wilk, R., Egidius, E. & Goksoyr, J. (1987) Screening of Norwegian lobsters Homarus gammarus for the lobster pathogen Aerococcus viridans. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 3, 97-100.
179. Worm, B. & Myers, R.A. (2003) Meta-analysis of cod-shrimp interactions reveals top-down control in oceanic food webs. Ecology, 84 (1), 162-73.