Prognosis of Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia after Acute Coronary Syndromes

Circulation

Volumn 134, Issue 10, 2016, Pages 698-709

  Nanchen, David ^a   Gencer, Baris ^b   Muller, Olivier ^c   Auer, Reto ^a,d   Aghlmandi, Soheila ^d   Heg, Dik ^d   Klingenberg, Roland ^f   Räber, Lorenz ^e   Carballo, David ^b   Carballo, Sebastian ^b   Matter, Christian M ^f   Lüscher, Thomas F ^f   Windecker, Stephan ^e   Mach, François ^b   Rodondi, Nicolas ^d,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^c LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^f UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

acute coronary syndrome; cardiovascular abnormalities; hypercholesterolemia; prognosis; secondary prevention

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; GLOBAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE CORONARY EVENTS RISK SCORE; HEART DEATH; HEART INFARCTION; HEART REHABILITATION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SMOKING; SWITZERLAND; CLINICAL TRIAL; HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGED; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 84986277915     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023007     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Gidding SS, Champagne MA, de Ferranti SD, Defesche J, Ito MK, Knowles JW, McCrindle B, Raal F, Rader D, Santos RD, Lopes-Virella M, Watts GF, Wierzbicki AS; American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Young Committee of Council on Cardiovascular Disease in Young, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health. The agenda for familial hypercholesterolemia: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132:2167-2192. doi: 10.1161/ CIR.0000000000000297
2. European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs R, Kjekshus J, Filardi PP, Riccardi G, Storey RF, Wood D, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) 2008-2010 and 2010-2012 Committees. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1769-1818
3. Wierzbicki AS, Humphries SE, Minhas R; Guideline Development Group. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2008;337:a1095
4. Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, Ginsberg HN, Masana L, Descamps OS, Wiklund O, Hegele RA, Raal FJ, Defesche JC, Wiegman A, Santos RD, Watts GF, Parhofer KG, Hovingh GK, Kovanen PT, Boileau C, Averna M, Borén J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Kuivenhoven JA, Pajukanta P, Ray K, Stalenhoef AF, Stroes E, Taskinen MR, Tybjarg-Hansen A; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3478-3490a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273
5. Nanchen D, Gencer B, Auer R, Räber L, Stefanini GG, Klingenberg R, Schmied CM, Cornuz J, Muller O, Vogt P, Jüni P, Matter CM, Windecker S, Lüscher TF, Mach F, Rodondi N. Prevalence and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2438-2445. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv289
6. De Backer G, Besseling J, Chapman J, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, Kotseva K, Ray K, Reiner Z;, Wood D, De Bacquer D; EUROASPIRE Investigators. Prevalence and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia in coronary patients: an analysis of EUROASPIRE IV, a study of the European Society of Cardiology. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.809
7. Foody JM. Familial hypercholesterolemia: an under-recognized but significant concern in cardiology practice. Clin Cardiol. 2014;37:119-125. doi: 10.1002/clc.22223
8. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, McBride P, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC Jr, Watson K, Wilson PW; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(pt B):2889-2934. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002
9. Versmissen J, Oosterveer DM, Yazdanpanah M, Defesche JC, Basart DC, Liem AH, Heeringa J, Witteman JC, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJ, Sijbrands EJ. Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337:a2423
10. Mohrschladt MF, Westendorp RG, Gevers Leuven JA, Smelt AH. Cardiovascular disease and mortality in statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2004;172:329-335. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.007
11. Gencer B, Montecucco F, Nanchen D, Carbone F, Klingenberg R, Vuilleumier N, Aghlmandi S, Heg D, Räber L, Auer R, Jüni P, Windecker S, Lüscher TF, Matter CM, Rodondi N, Mach F. Prognostic value of PCSK9 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:546-553. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ ehv637
12. Selby K, Nanchen D, Auer R, Gencer B, Räber L, Klingenberg R, Blum M, Marques-Vidal P, Cornuz J, Muller O, Vogt P, Jüni P, Matter CM, Windecker S, Lüscher TF, Mach F, Rodondi N. Low statin use in adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome. Prev Med. 2015;77:131-136. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.012
13. Klingenberg R, Heg D, Räber L, Carballo D, Nanchen D, Gencer B, Auer R, Jaguszewski M, Stähli BE, Jakob P, Templin C, Stefanini GG, Meier B, Vogt P, Roffi M, Maier W, Landmesser U, Rodondi N, Mach F, Windecker S, Jüni P, Lüscher TF, Matter CM. Safety profile of prasugrel and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes in Switzerland. Heart. 2015;101:854-863. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306925
14. Besseling J, Kindt I, Hof M, Kastelein JJ, Hutten BA, Hovingh GK. Severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and risk for cardiovascular disease: a study of a cohort of 14,000 mutation carriers. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233:219-223. doi: 10.1016/j. atherosclerosis.2013.12.020
15. Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, Pieper KS, Goldberg RJ, Van Werf F, Goodman SG, Granger CB, Steg PG, Gore JM, Budaj A, Avezum A, Flather MD, Fox KA; GRACE Investigators. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004;291:2727-2733. doi: 10.1001/ jama.291.22.2727
16. Benn M, Watts GF, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Danish general population: prevalence, coronary artery disease, and cholesterol-lowering medication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:3956-3964. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1563
17. Ferranti SD, Rodday AM, Mendelson MM, Wong JB, Leslie LK, Sheldrick RC. Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the 1999 to 2012 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Circulation. 2016;133:1067-1072. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018791
18. Mortality in treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: implications for clinical management: Scientific Steering Committee on behalf of the Simon Broome Register Group. Atherosclerosis. 1999;142:105-112. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0021-9150(98)00200-7
19. Mundal L, Sarancic M, Ose L, Iversen PO, Borgan JK, Veierød MB, Leren TP, Retterstøl K. Mortality among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a registry-based study in Norway, 1992-2010. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e001236. doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.114.001236
20. Neil A, Cooper J, Betteridge J, Capps N, McDowell I, Durrington P, Seed M, Humphries SE. Reductions in all-cause, cancer, and coronary mortality in statin-treated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a prospective registry study. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:2625-2633. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn422
21. Huijgen R, Kindt I, Defesche JC, Kastelein JJ. Cardiovascular risk in relation to functionality of sequence variants in the gene coding for the low-density lipoprotein receptor: a study among 29,365 individuals tested for 64 specific low-density lipoproteinreceptor sequence variants. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2325-2330. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs038
22. Talmud PJ, Shah S, Whittall R, Futema M, Howard P, Cooper JA, Harrison SC, Li K, Drenos F, Karpe F, Neil HA, Descamps OS, Langenberg C, Lench N, Kivimaki M, Whittaker J, Hingorani AD, Kumari M, Humphries SE. Use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol gene score to distinguish patients with polygenic and monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia: a case-control study. Lancet. 2013;381:1293-1301. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62127-8
23. Khera AV, Won HH, Peloso GM, Lawson KS, Bartz TM, Deng X, van Leeuwen EM, Natarajan P, Emdin CA, Bick AG, Morrison AC, Brody JA, Gupta N, Nomura A, Kessler T, Duga S, Bis JC, van Duijn CM, Cupples LA, Psaty B, Rader DJ, Danesh J, Schunkert H, McPherson R, Farrall M, Watkins H, Lander E, Wilson JG, Correa A, Boerwinkle E, Merlini PA, Ardissino D, Saleheen D, Gabriel S, Kathiresan S. Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of sequencing familial hypercholesterolemia genes in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2578-2589. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.520
24. Santos RD, Watts GF. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: PCSK9 inhibitors are coming. Lancet. 2015;385:307-310. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)61702-5
25. Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, Turner T, Civeira F, Burgess L, Langslet G, Scott R, Olsson AG, Sullivan D, Hovingh GK, Cariou B, Gouni-Berthold I, Somaratne R, Bridges I, Scott R, Wasserman SM, Gaudet D; RUTHERFORD-2 Investigators. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:331-340. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)61399-4
26. Schulman KA, Balu S, Reed SD. Specialty pharmaceuticals for hyperlipidemia: impact on insurance premiums. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1591-1593. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1509863
27. Yudi M, Omera L, McCubbery N, Dick S, Jayasinghe R, Hamilton-Craig I. Suboptimal consideration and management of potential familial hypercholesterolaemia in patients with suspected premature coronary artery disease. Singapore Med J. 2012;53:174-178
28. Pang J, Poulter EB, Bell DA, Bates TR, Jefferson VL, Hillis GS, Schultz CJ, Watts GF. Frequency of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease admitted to a coronary care unit. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9:703-708. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.005
29. Hernán MA, Hernández-Díaz S, Robins JM. A structural approach to selection bias. Epidemiology. 2004;15:615-625
30. Futema M, Shah S, Cooper JA, Li K, Whittall RA, Sharifi M, Goldberg O, Drogari E, Mollaki V, Wiegman A, Defesche J, D'Agostino MN, D'Angelo A, Rubba P, Fortunato G, Waluś-Miarka M, Hegele RA, Aderayo Bamimore M, Durst R, Leitersdorf E, Mulder MT, Roeters van Lennep JE, Sijbrands EJ, Whittaker JC, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE. Refinement of variant selection for the LDL cholesterol genetic risk score in the diagnosis of the polygenic form of clinical familial hypercholesterolemia and replication in samples from 6 countries. Clin Chem. 2015;61:231-238. doi: 10.1373/ clinchem.2014.231365
31. Sniderman AD, Tsimikas S, Fazio S. The severe hypercholesterolemia phenotype: clinical diagnosis, management, and emerging therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1935-1947. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.060
32. Rosenson RS. Myocardial injury: the acute phase response and lipoprotein metabolism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:933-940
33. Pitt B, Loscalzo J, Ycas J, Raichlen JS. Lipid levels after acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1440-1445. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.075
34. Wilson BJ, Qureshi N, Santaguida P, Little J, Carroll JC, Allanson J, Raina P. Systematic review: family history in risk assessment for common diseases. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:878-885. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-12-200912150-00177