Gender differences in ethical decision making

Women in Management Review

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 217-227

  Glover, Saundra H ^a   Bumpus, Minnette A ^b   Sharp, Glynda F ^c   Munchus, George A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b HOWARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Decision making; Ethics; Gender; Values

Indexed keywords

EID: 84986180740     PISSN: 09649425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09649420210433175     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aburdene, P. and Naisbitt, J. (1992), Mega-trends for Women, Villard Books, New York, NY.
2. Angelou, M. (1993), “When virtue becomes redundant”, Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now, Virago Press, London, p. 70.
3. Ashmore, L., Glover, S. and Boyd, S. (1990), “Personal communication”, Health Care Supervisor, Vol. 12 No. 4, p. 74.
4. Barnett, J. and Karson, M. (1987), “Personal values and business decisions: an exploratory investigation”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 6, pp. 371-82.
5. Bass, L., Barnett, T. and Brown, G. (1998), “The moral philosophy of sales managers and its influence on ethical decision making”, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Vol. XVII No. 2, Spring, pp. 1-17.
6. Beltramini, R., Peterson, R. and Kozmetsky, G. (1984), “Concerns of college students regarding business ethics”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 3, pp. 195-200.
7. Betz, N., O'Connell, M. and Shepard, J. (1989), “Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behaviour”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 8, pp. 321-4.
8. Brenner, S. and Molander, E. (1977), “Is ethics of business changing?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 55 No. 1, pp. 57-70.
9. Brief, A., Dukerich, J. and Doran, L. (1990), “Resolving ethical dilemmas in management: experimental investigation of values, accountability, and choice”, paper submitted to Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp. 380-96.
10. Chonko, L. and Hunt, S. (1985), “Ethics and marketing management: an empirical examination”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 13, August, pp. 339-59.
11. Deux, K. and Wrightsman, L. (1984), Social Psychology in the 1980s, 4th ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., Monterey, CA.
12. Duval, S. and Wicklund, R. (1972), A Theory of Objective Self-awareness, Academic Press, New York, NY.
13. Ferrell, O. and Gresham, L. (1985), “A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision-making marketing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49, pp. 87-96.
14. Flynn, P. (1999), speech given to the European Conference “Women and men in power”, for the Commission of the European Communities, Paris, France, 15 April, available at: www.european.commission.org
15. Forrest, P., Cochran, D., Ray, D. and Robin, D. (1990), “An empirical examination of four factors thought to be influential in ethical judgements”, paper presented to the Social Issues Division of the Academy of Management Meetings, San Francisco, CA.
16. Franke, G., Crown, D. and Spake, D. (1997), “Gender differences in ethical perceptions of business practices: a social role theory perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82 No. 6, pp. 920-34.
17. Fritzche, D. (1988), “The effects of personal values and organisational goals upon the ethical dimensions of decision making”, paper submitted to the Social Issues Division of the Academy of Management Meetings, San Francisco, CA.
18. Fritzche, D. and Becker, H. (1984), “Linking management behaviour to ethical philosophy: an empirical investigation”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 166-75.
19. Gaudine, A. and Thorne, L. (2001), “Emotion and ethical decision making in organisations”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 31, pp. 175-87.
20. Gilligan, C. (1982), In a Difference Voice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
21. Glover, S. (1991), “The influences of individual values on ethical decision making”, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
22. Glover, S., Bumpus, M. and Logan, J. (1993), “Putting values into decision making: the influence of the value honesty/integrity on the decision choice”, Proceedings of the Southern Management Association, pp. 428-31.
23. Glover, S., Bumpus, M., Logan, J. and Ciesla, J. (1997), “Re-examining the influence of individual values on ethical decision making”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 16, pp. 1319-29.
24. Grell, J. (1993), “Ethics in business may improve ethics in society”, On the Horizon, Vol. 2 No. 1, p. 6.
25. Hegarty, W. and Sims, H. (1978), “Some determinants of unethical decision behaviour: an experiment”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 63 No. 4, pp. 451-7.
26. Hegarty, W. and Sims, H. (1979), “Organisational philosophy, policies, and objectives related to unethical behaviour: a laboratory experiment”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 64 No. 3, pp. 331-8.
27. Heubusch, K. (1997), “I'm OK, we're not”, American Demographics, May.
28. Jackall, R. (1988), Moral Mazes, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
29. Jackson, S. (1992), Diversity in the Workplace, Guilford, New York, NY.
30. Jamieson, D. and O'Mara, J. (1991), Managing Workforce 2000, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
31. Jones, T. (1991), “Ethical decision making by individuals in organisations: an issue-contingent model”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 366-95.
32. Jones, T. and Gautschi, F. III (1988), “Will the ethics of business change? A survey of future executives”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 7, pp. 231-48.
33. Kidwell, J., Stevens, R. and Bethke, A. (1987), “Differences in the ethical perceptions between male and female managers: myth or reality?”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 6, pp. 489-93.
34. Koerner, B. (1999), “Where the boys aren't”, US News and World Report, 8 February, pp. 46-50, 53-5.
35. Laczniak, G. and Inderrieden, E. (1987), “The influence of stated organisational concerns upon ethical decision making”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 6, pp. 297-307.
36. Lips, H.M. (1999), “Women, education, and economic participation”, keynote address presented at the Northern Regional Seminar, National Council of Women of New Zealand, available at: www.radford.edu/ gstudies/sources/nz/keyecon.htm
37. Loden, M. and Rosener, J. (1991), Workforce America! Managing Employee Diversity as a Vital Resource, Business One Irwin, Burr Ridge, IL.
38. McDonald, G. and Pak, P. (1996), “It's all fair in love, war, and business: cognitive philosophies in ethical decision making”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 15, pp. 973-96.
39. McNichols, C. and Zimmerer, T. (1985), “Situational ethics: an empirical study of differentiators of student attitudes”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 4, pp. 175-80.
40. Manning, F. (1981), Managerial Dilemmas and Executive Growth, Reston Publishing, Reston, VA.
41. Naisbitt, J. and Aburdene, P. (1990), Megatrends 2000: Ten New Directions for the 1990s, William and Morrow Co. Inc., New York, NY.
42. Navran, F. (1997), “Promoting ethical behaviour”, available at: www.navran.com/articles/ethics/EthBehaviour.htm, pp. 1-6
43. Neft, N. and Levine, A.D. (1997), Where Women Stand: An International Report on the Status of Women in 140 Countries, Random House, New York, NY.
44. O'Neil, R. and Pienta, D. (1994), “Economic criteria versus ethical criteria toward resolving a basic dilemma in business”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 13, pp. 71-8.
45. Randall, R. and Gibson, A. (1990), “Methodology in business ethics research: a review and critical assessment”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 9, pp. 457-71.
46. Ravlin, E. (1990), “Ethical decision making: group and individual influences”, paper prepared for the Riegel and Emory Human Resource Research Center, Columbia, SC, Summer.
47. Ravlin, E. and Meglino, B. (1986), “Comparative emphasis scale”, Riegel and Emory Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
48. Ravlin, E. and Meglino, B. (1987), “Issues in work values measurement’’, in Frederick, W.C. (Ed.), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, Vol. 9, JAI Press Inc., Greenwich, CT, pp. 153-83.
49. Rokeach, M. (1973), The Nature of Human Values, Free Press, New York, NY.
50. Ruegger, D. and King, E. (1992), “A study of the effect of age and gender upon student business ethics”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 11, pp. 179-86.
51. Schminke, M. and Ambrose, M. (1997), “Asymmetric perceptions of ethical frameworks of men and women in business and non-business settings”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 16, pp. 719-29.
52. Serwinck, P. (1992), “Demographic and related differences in ethical views among small businesses”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 11, pp. 555-66.
53. Shipman, A. (1993), “Eurotrends”, International Management, Vol. 48 No. 6, July/August, pp. 10-11.
54. Sikula, A. and Costa, A. (1994), “Are women more ethical than men?”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 13, pp. 859-71.
55. Singhapakdi, A., Vitell, S. and Franke, G. (1999), “Antecedents, consequences, and mediating effects of perceived moral intensity and personal moral philosophies”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27 No. 1, Winter, pp. 19-36.
56. Snyder, M. (1974), “The self-monitoring of expressive behaviour”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 30, pp. 526-37.
57. Snyder, M. and Cantor, N. (1980), “Thinking about ourselves and others: self-monitoring and social knowledge”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 222-34.
58. Snyder, S. and Swann, W. (1976), “When actions reflect attitudes: the politics of impression management”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 34, pp. 1034-42.
59. Songer, N. (1991), “Work force diversity”, Business and Economic Review, April/June, pp. 3-6.
60. Stevens, G. (1984), “Business ethics and social responsibility: the response of present and future managers”, Aleron Business and Economic Review, Fall, pp. 6-11.
61. Stratton, W., Flynn, W. and Johnson, G. (1981), “Moral development and decision making: a study of student ethics”, Journal of Enterprise Management, Vol. 3, pp. 35-41.
62. The Economist (1991), “Schools brief: the new Europeans”, Vol. 321 No. 7733, 6 November, pp. 65-66.
63. Trevino, L. (1986), “Ethical decision making in organisations: a person-situation interactionist model”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 601-17.
64. Trevino, L. and Youngblood, S. (1990), “Bad apples in bad barrels: a causal analysis of ethical decision-making behaviour in organisations”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75 No. 4, pp. 378-85.
65. Tsalikis, J. and Ortiz-Buonafina, M. (1990), “Ethical beliefs’ differences of males and females”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 9, pp. 509-17.
66. Unesco (1995), data, available at: www.rumet.edu
67. US Department of Labor (1999), Current Population Survey, Washington, DC, available at: http://146.142.4.24/cgi-bin/surveymost
68. Walton, C. (1988), The Moral Manager, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA.
69. Weber, J. (1990), “Managers’ moral reasoning: assessing their responses in three moral dilemmas”, Human Relations, Vol. 43 No. 7, pp. 687-702.
70. Zey-Ferrell, M., Ferrell, O. and Weaver, K. (1979), “Predicting unethical behaviour among marketing practitioners”, Human Relations, Vol. 32 No. 7, pp. 557-69.