Gender differences in investment strategies: An information processing perspective

International Journal of Bank Marketing

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 17-26

  Graham, Judy F ^a   Stendardi, Edward J ^a   Myers, Joan K ^b   Graham, Mark J ^c  

^a ST JOHN FISHER COLLEGE   (United States)

^b LE MOYNE COLLEGE   (United States)

^c RGS Energy Group   (United States)

Author keywords

Consumer behaviour; Financial services; Gender; Information; Investment appraisal; Thinking styles

Indexed keywords

EID: 84986173187     PISSN: 02652323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/02652320210415953     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Bach, D. (2000), “Targeting investment wary women: Schwab and Fidelity start up programs to counteract investment fear”, American Banker, Vol. 165 No. 194, p. 1.
2. Bajtelsmit, V. and Bernasek, A. (1996), “Why do women invest differently than men?”, Financial Counseling and Investing, Vol. 7, pp. 1-10.
3. Barber, B. and Odean, T. (1999), “Boys will be boys: gender overconfidence and common stock investment”, Working paper, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA.
4. Barskey, R., Kimball, M. and Shapiro, M. (1996), “Preference parameters and behavorial heterogeneity: an experimental approach in the health and retirement survey”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper Series (No. 5667), July.
5. Benyamini, Y., Leventhal, E. and Leventhal, H. (2000), “Gender differences in processing information for making self-assessments of health”, Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 63 No. 3, pp. 354-64.
6. Bruce, A. and Johnson, J. (1994), “Male and female betting behavior: new perspectives”, Journal of Gambling Studies, Vol. 10, pp. 183-98.
7. Byrnes, J., Miller, D. and Schafer, W. (1999), “Gender differences in risk taking: a meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 125 No. 3, pp. 367-83.
8. Chung, J. and Monroe, G. (1998), “Gender differences in information processing: an empirical test of the hypothesis-confirming strategy in an audit context”, Accounting and Finance, Vol. 38, pp. 265-79.
9. Chung, J. and Monroe, G. (2001), “A research note on the effects of gender and task complexity on an audit judgment”, Behavioral Research in Accounting, Vol. 13, pp. 111-25.
10. Cummings, W. and Venkatesan, M. (1976), “Cognitive dissonance and consumer behavior: a review of the evidence”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, pp. 303-8.
11. Darley, W. and Smith, R. (1995), “Gender differences in information processing strategies: an empirical test of the selectivity model in advertising response”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 41-50.
12. Eldon, J. (1997), “A woman's touch”, Dow Jones Investment Advisor, Vol. 17 No. 8, pp. 42-6.
13. Estes, R. and Hosseini, J. (1988), “The gender gap on Wall Street: an empirical analysis of confidence in investment decision making”, The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 122 No. 6, pp. 577-90.
14. Gilligan, C. (1982), In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
15. Goodfellow, G. and Schieber, S. (1997), “Investment of assets in self directed retirement plans”, in Gordon, M., Mitchell, O. and Twinney, M. (Eds), Positioning Pensions for the Twenty-First Century, ch. 5, PRC, Philadelphia, PA.
16. Graham, J. (1994), “Marketing communication receivers’ perception of source-self similarity: some new findings”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 11-19.
17. Gunter, T. (2000), “Chicks laying nest eggs hatch a site”, Business Week, 2 October, p. 180.
18. Hinz, R., McCarthy, D. and Turner, J. (1997), “Are women conservative investors? Gender differences in participant directed pension investments”, in Gordon, M., Mitchell, O. and Twinney, M. (Eds), Positioning Pensions for the Twenty-First Century, ch. 6, PRC, Philadelphia, PA.
19. Jianakoplos, N. and Bernasek, A (1998), “Are women more risk averse?”, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 620-30.
20. Kover, A. (1999), “Okay, women really could use special advice about investing”, Fortune, Vol. 139 No. 6, pp. 129-32.
21. Lenney, E., Gold, J. and Browning, C. (1983), “Sex differences in self-confidence: the influence of comparison to others’ ability level”, Sex Roles, Vol. 9, pp. 925-42.
22. Lewellen, W., Lease, R. and Schlarbaum, G. (1977), “Patterns of investment strategy and behavior among individual investors”, Journal of Business, Vol. 50 No. 3, pp. 296-333.
23. Maguire, T. (1999), “Gender cues impact marketers”, American Demographics, Vol. 21 No. 1, p. 16.
24. McCabe, D. (1999), “Female boomers still trailing males in retirement investing”, The Arizona Republic, 18 October, p. E6.
25. McCoy, T. (1996), “Buyer has plenty of choices; What's needed is help of advisor”, Rough Notes, Vol. 139 No. 6, pp. 19-20.
26. Melia, M. (1996), “Gender specific”, Chicago Tribune, Chicago, IL, 20 June, pp. 61-2.
27. Mellan, O. (1996), “Caveat gender”, Dow Jones Investment Advisor, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 89-93.
28. Meyers-Levy, J. (1989), “Gender differences in information processing: a selectivity interpretation”, in Cafferata, P and Tybout, A. (Eds), Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advertising, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp. 219-60.
29. Meyers-Levy, J. and Maheswaran, D. (1991), “Exploring differences in males’ and females’ processing strategies”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 18, pp. 63-70.
30. Meyers-Levy, J. and Sternthal, B. (1991), “Gender differences in the use of message cues and judgments”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 28, pp. 84-96.
31. O'Donnell, E. and Johnson, E. (2001), “The effects of gender and task complexity on information processing effort during planning analytical procedures”, Working paper, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
32. Pearsall, N., Skipper, J. and Mintzes, J. (1997), “Knowledge restructuring in the life sciences: a longitudinal study of conceptual change in biology”, Science Education, Vol. 81 No. 2, pp. 193-215.
33. Peterson, A. and Rosenberg, S. (1996), Every Woman's Guide to Financial Security, Chelsea House Publishers, Broomall, PA.
34. Poole, M. (1977), “Social class-sex contrasts in patterns of cognitive style: a cross-cultural replication”, Psychological Reports, Vol. 50, pp. 19-26.
35. Schumell, D. (1996), “Increased focus on women as financial service customers”, Trusts and Estates, Vol. 135 No. 6, pp. 19-20.
36. Smith, M. (1999), “Gender, cognitive style, personality and management decision-making”, Management Accounting, Vol. 77, No. 7, pp. 18-22.
37. Sternthal, B. (1986), “Advertising and gender response”, Marketing and Media Decisions, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 136-7.
38. Sunden, A. and Surette, B. (1998), “Gender differences in the allocation of assets in retirement savings plans”, American Economic Review, Vol. 88 No. 2, pp. 207-12.
39. Vessey, I. (1994), “The effect of information presentation on decision making: a cost-benefit analysis”, Information and Management, Vol. 27, pp. 103-19.
40. Worley, D. (1998), “Women finding investing a necessity, many band together, create investment clubs”, Florida Today, 10 February, p. 12C.
41. Wright, P. (1974), “The harassed decision maker: time pressures, distractions, and the use of evidence”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 555-61.
42. Wright, P. (1981), “Cognitive responses to mass media advocacy”, in Petty, R., Ostrom, T. and Brock, T. (Eds), Cognitive Responses in Persuasion, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 263-82.