The effects of low carbohydrate diets on liver function tests in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2016, Pages

  Haghighatdoost, Fahimeh ^a,b   Salehi Abargouei, Amin ^c   Surkan, Pamela J ^d   Azadbakht, Leila ^a,b,e,f  

^a ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c SHAHID SADOUGHI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^f TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Alanine transaminase; Aspartate aminotransferases; Glutamyl aminotransferase; Liver fat content; Low carbohydrate diet; Nonalcoholic fatty liver

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE;

CALORIC INTAKE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); ENZYME BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; LIPID LIVER LEVEL; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; META ANALYSIS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 84985030668     PISSN: 17351995     EISSN: 17357136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.187269     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Lazo M, Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A global perspective. Semin Liver Dis 2008;28:339-50.
2. Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: Impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 2004;40:1387-95.
3. Welsh JA, Karpen S, Vos MB. Increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among United States adolescents, 1988-1994 to 2007-2010. J Pediatr 2013;162:496-500.e1.
4. Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia - As common and important as in the west. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:307-18.
5. Day CP, James OF. Steatohepatitis: A tale of two “hits”? Gastroenterology 1998;114:842-5.
6. Ryan MC, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Carter S, McLaughlin TL. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels decrease further with carbohydrate than fat restriction in insulin-resistant adults. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1075-80.
7. Haufe S, Engeli S, Kast P, Böhnke J, Utz W, Haas V, et al. Randomized comparison of reduced fat and reduced carbohydrate hypocaloric diets on intrahepatic fat in overweight and obese human subjects. Hepatology 2011;53:1504-14.
8. Fraser A, Abel R, Lawlor DA, Fraser D, Elhayany A. A modified Mediterranean diet is associated with the greatest reduction in alanine aminotransferase levels in obese type 2 diabetes patients: Results of a quasi-randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2008;51:1616-22.
9. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2082-90.
10. Cornier MA, Donahoo WT, Pereira R, Gurevich I, Westergren R, Enerback S, et al. Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women. Obes Res 2005;13:703-9.
11. Girard J, Perdereau D, Foufelle F, Prip Buus C, Ferré P. Regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression by nutrients and hormones. FASEB J 1994;8:36-42.
12. Crowe TC. Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obes Rev 2005;6:235-45.
13. Volynets V, Machann J, Küper MA, Maier IB, Spruss A, Königsrainer A, et al. A moderate weight reduction through dietary intervention decreases hepatic fat content in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A pilot study. Eur J Nutr 2013;52:527-35.
14. Kani AH, Alavian SM, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P, Azadbakht L. Effects of a novel therapeutic diet on liver enzymes and coagulating factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A parallel randomized trial. Nutrition 2014;30:814-21.
15. Tendler D, Lin S, Yancy WS Jr., Mavropoulos J, Sylvestre P, Rockey DC, et al. The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot study. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:589-93.
16. Thomas EL, Brynes AE, Hamilton G, Patel N, Spong A, Goldin RD, et al. Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:5813-9.
17. Browning JD, Baker JA, Rogers T, Davis J, Satapati S, Burgess SC. Short-term weight loss and hepatic triglyceride reduction: Evidence of a metabolic advantage with dietary carbohydrate restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:1048-52.
18. Ryan MC, Itsiopoulos C, Thodis T, Ward G, Trost N, Hofferberth S, et al. The Mediterranean diet improves hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2013;59:138-43.
19. Huang MA, Greenson JK, Chao C, Anderson L, Peterman D, Jacobson J, et al. One-year intense nutritional counseling results in histological improvement in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1072-81.
20. Elias MC, Parise ER, de Carvalho L, Szejnfeld D, Netto JP. Effect of 6-month nutritional intervention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition 2010;26:1094-9.
21. de Luis DA, Aller R, Izaola O, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Conde R. Effect of two different hypocaloric diets in transaminases and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients. Nutr Hosp 2010;25:730-5.
22. Rodríguez Hernández H, Cervantes Huerta M, Rodríguez Moran M, Guerrero Romero F. Decrease of aminotransferase levels in obese women is related to body weight reduction, irrespective of type of diet. Ann Hepatol 2011;10:486-92.
23. Sathiaraj E, Chutke M, Reddy MY, Pratap N, Rao PN, Reddy DN, et al. A case-control study on nutritional risk factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65:533-7.
24. Papandreou D, Karabouta Z, Pantoleon A, Rousso I. Investigation of anthropometric, biochemical and dietary parameters of obese children with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Appetite 2012;59:939-44.
25. Gonzalez C, de Ledinghen V, Vergniol J, Foucher J, Le Bail B, Carlier S, et al. Hepatic steatosis, carbohydrate intake, and food quotient in patients with NAFLD. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:428542.
26. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177-88.
27. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002;21:1539-58.
28. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629-34.
29. nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2001.
30. Olivo SA, Macedo LG, Gadotti IC, Fuentes J, Stanton T, Magee DJ. Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: A systematic review. Phys Ther 2008;88:156-75.
31. Browning JD, Weis B, Davis J, Satapati S, Merritt M, Malloy CR, et al. Alterations in hepatic glucose and energy metabolism as a result of calorie and carbohydrate restriction. Hepatology 2008;48:1487-96.
32. Fishbein MH, Miner M, Mogren C, Chalekson J. The spectrum of fatty liver in obese children and the relationship of serum aminotransferases to severity of steatosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:54-61.
33. Zhou SL, Gordon RE, Bradbury M, Stump D, Kiang CL, Berk PD. Ethanol up-regulates fatty acid uptake and plasma membrane expression and export of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in HepG2 cells. Hepatology 1998;27:1064-74.
34. Sheth SG, Flamm SL, Gordon FD, Chopra S. AST/ALT ratio predicts cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:44-8.
35. Samuel VT, Liu ZX, Qu X, Elder BD, Bilz S, Befroy D, et al. Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2004;279:32345-53.
36. Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE. Review: The role of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4753-61.
37. Sanyal AJ, Campbell Sargent C, Mirshahi F, Rizzo WB, Contos MJ, Sterling RK, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities. Gastroenterology 2001;120:1183-92.
38. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Major dietary patterns in relation to general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women. J Nutr 2008;138:358-63.