The consumptive water footprint of electricity and heat: A global assessment

Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 285-297

  Mekonnen, Mesfin M ^a   Gerbens Leenes, P W ^a   Hoekstra, Arjen Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84984868276     PISSN: 20531400     EISSN: 20531419     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c5ew00026b     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. UN Water, The United Nations World Water Development Report 2014: Water and Energy, UNESCO, Paris, France, 2014
2. World Economic Forum, Water security: The water-food-energy-climate nexus, Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 2011
3. A. Y. Hoekstra, The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society, Routledge, London, UK, 2013
4. IEA, Key world energy statistics, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2013
5. E. D. Williams and J. E. Simmons, Water in the energy industry: An introduction, BP International, London, UK, 2013
6. IPCC, Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation, Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 2012
7. W. Gerbens-Leenes A. Y. Hoekstra T. H. van der Meer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009 106 10219 10223
8. IEA, World energy outlook 2012, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012
9. J. Harte M. El-Gasseir Science 1978 199 623 634
10. P. H. Gleick Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 1994 19 267 299
11. R. Pate, M. Hightower, C. Cameron and W. Einfeld, Overview of energy-water interdependencies and the emerging energy demands on water resources, Report SAND 2007-1349C, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 2007
12. W. Wilson, T. Leipzig and B. Griffiths-Sattenspiel, Burning our rivers: the water footprint of electricity, River Network, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2012
13. B. K. Sovacool K. E. Sovacool Energy Policy 2009 37 2763 2773
14. S. Hadian K. Madani Sustainability 2013 5 4674 4687
15. R. S. Dodder Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 2014 5 7 14
16. J. Meldrum S. Nettles-Anderson G. Heath J. Macknick Environ. Res. Lett. 2013 8 015031
17. US-EIA, Annual energy outlook 2012, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, D.C., USA, 2012
18. A. Y. Hoekstra, A. K. Chapagain, M. M. Aldaya and M. M. Mekonnen, The water footprint assessment manual: Setting the global standard, Earthscan, London, UK, 2011
19. M. M. Mekonnen A. Y. Hoekstra Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2012 16 179 187
20. P. W. Gerbens-Leenes A. Y. Hoekstra T. van der Meer Ecol. Econ. 2009 68 1052 1060
21. A. Y. Hoekstra T. O. Wiedmann Science 2014 344 1114 1117
22. A. Y. Hoekstra M. M. Mekonnen A. K. Chapagain R. E. Mathews B. D. Richter PLoS One 2012 7 e32688
23. C. Liu C. Kroeze A. Y. Hoekstra W. Gerbens-Leenes Ecol. Indic. 2012 18 42 49
24. M. T. H. Van Vliet J. R. Yearsley F. Ludwig S. Vogele D. P. Lettenmaier P. Kabat Nat. Clim. Change 2012 2 676 681
25. Lexikon Energiewelten, www.energiewelten.de/elexikon/lexikon/index3.htm Accessed 4 October, 2014
26. 2 Data, www.enerdata.net, Accessed 26 June, 2014
27. Biomass Energy Centre, Typical caloric values of fuels, www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?-pageid=75,20041&-dad=portal&-schema=PORTAL Accessed 14 October, 2014
28. IEA, Energy balances of OECD countries, 1995-1996, OECD/IEA, International Energy Agency, Paris, 1999
29. R. L. Murray, Nuclear energy: An introduction to the concepts, systems, and applications of nuclear processes, Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, USA, 6th edn, 2009
30. A. Faaij, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2006, vol. 11, pp. 335-367
31. D. J. Murphy C. A. S. Hall Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010 1185 102 118
32. P. R. Van Oel A. Y. Hoekstra Water Resour. Manage. 2012 26 733 749
33. FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy, 21 June 2009 edn, 2009
34. FAO, 1 July 2001 edn, 2001
35. B. Lehner P. Döll J. Hydrol. 2004 296 1 22
36. H. Inhaber Energy Sources 2004 26 309 322
37. S. Arnøy, M.Sc., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 2012
38. T. H. Bakken Å. Killingtveit K. Engeland K. Alfredsen A. Harby Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2013 17 3983 4000
39. BLM, Final environmental impact statement for the West Antelope II coal lease application, Report WYW163340, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Casper Field Office, Casper, Wyoming, USA, 2008
40. T. A. Demeke, M. Marence and A. E. Mynett, presented in part at the Proceedings from Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-18 April, 2013
41. DOE, Energy technology characterizations handbook: Environmental pollution and control factors, US Department of Energy (DOE), Washington D.C., USA, 1983
42. R. Evans, P. Roe and J. Joy, presented in part at the Minerals Council of Australia's Sustainable Development Conference, Brisbane, Australia, November, 2003
43. V. Fthenakis H. C. Kim Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2010 14 2039 2048
44. I. Herath M. Deurer D. Horne R. Singh B. Clothier J. Cleaner Prod. 2011 19 1582 1589
45. J. Macknick R. Newmark G. Heath K. C. Hallett Environ. Res. Lett. 2012 7 045802
46. M. M. Mekonnen A. Y. Hoekstra Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2011 15 1577 1600
47. G. M. Mudd Mine Water Environ. 2008 27 136 144
48. NETL, NETL life cycle inventory data-Unit process: Underground mine, Illinois no. 6 bituminous coal operation, Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 2009
49. NETL, Role of alternative energy sources: Geothermal technology assessment, Report DOE/NETL-2012/1531, Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012
50. M. J. Pasqualetti and S. Kelley, The water costs of electricity in Arizona, Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix, USA, 2008
51. E. Schneider B. Carlsen E. Tavrides C. van der Hoeven U. Phathanapirom Energ. Econ. 2013 40 898 910
52. E. S. Spang W. R. Moomaw K. S. Gallagher P. H. Kirshen D. H. Marks Environ. Res. Lett. 2014 9
53. J. D. Stempien, H. Meteyer and M. S. Kazimi, Water use in the nuclear fuel cycle, Report MIT-NES-TR-017, MIT Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, Massachusetts, USA, 2013
54. M. A. Tefferi, M.Sc. Master Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2012
55. P. Torcellini, N. Long and R. Judkoff, Consumptive water use for U.S. power production, Report TP-550-33905, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO, USA, 2003
56. M. Wu, M. Mintz, M. Wang and S. Arora, Consumptive water use in the production of bioethanol and petroleum gasoline, Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, USA, 2008
57. M. Wu M. Mintz M. Wang S. Arora Environ. Manage. 2009 44 981 997
58. M. B. Yesuf, M.Sc. Master Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2012
59. A. Y. Hoekstra M. M. Mekonnen Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012 109 3232 3237
60. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2012
61. S. Nonhebel, in Economics of Sustainable Energy in Agriculture, ed., E. C. van Ierland, and, A. O. Lansink, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2002, vol. 24, ch. 6, pp. 75-85
62. R. A. Herendeen R. L. Plant Energy 1981 6 73 82