Loop diuretics in the treatment of hypertension

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2016, Pages

  Malha, Line ^a   Mann, Samuel J ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diuretics; Furosemide; Hypertension; Loop diuretics; Torsemide

Indexed keywords

AMILORIDE; BUMETANIDE; CHLORTALIDONE; CICLETANINE; CREATININE; ETACRYNIC ACID; ETOZOLIN; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; INDACRINONE; INDAPAMIDE; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; PIRETANIDE; POTASSIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; TORASEMIDE; TRIAMTERENE; UREA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; DIURETIC AGENT;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; GOUT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERURICEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; MUSCLE CRAMP; OTOTOXICITY; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT DURATION; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG EFFECTS;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; DIURETICS; FUROSEMIDE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; THIAZIDES;

EID: 84984856819     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0636-7     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1206–52. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2.
2. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison- Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
3. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34: 2159–219. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht15110.1093/eurheartj/eht151.
4. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2007;25(6): 1105–87. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3281fc975a.
5. Tamargo J, Segura J, Ruilope LM. Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Part 2: loop diuretics and potassium-sparing agents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(5):605–21. doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.879117.
6. Ernst ME, Moser M. Use of diuretics in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(22):2153–64. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0907219.
7. Tu W, Pratt JH. A consideration of genetic mechanisms behind the development of hypertension in blacks. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(2):108–13. doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0332-9.
8. Chun TY, Bankir L, Eckert GJ, Bichet DG, Saha C, Zaidi SA, et al. Ethnic differences in renal responses to furosemide. Hypertension. 2008;52(2):241–8. doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.109801.
9. Davidov M, Kakaviatos N, Finnerty Jr FA. Antihypertensive properties of furosemide. Circulation. 1967;36(1):125–35.
10. Healy JJ, McKenna TJ, Canning BS, Brien TG, Duffy GJ, Muldowney FP. Body composition changes in hypertensive subjects on long-term oral diuretic therapy. Br Med J. 1970;1(5698): 716–9.
11. Orlov SN, Tremblay J, Hamet P. NKCC1 and hypertension: a novel therapeutic target involved in the regulation of vascular tone and renal function. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2010;19(2):163–8. doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283360a46.
12. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S, Rodriguez JA, Fortuno MA, Zalba G, et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1999;34(1):138–43.
13. Hocherl K, Kees F, Kramer BK, Kurtz A. Cyclosporine A attenuates the natriuretic action of loop diuretics by inhibition of renal COX-2 expression. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2071–80. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00627.x.
14. Harris RC, Zhang MZ, Cheng HF. Cyclooxygenase-2 and the renal renin-angiotensin system. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;181(4):543–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01329.x.
15. Matzdorf C, Kurtz A, Hocherl K. COX-2 activity determines the level of renin expression but is dispensable for acute upregulation of renin expression in rat kidneys. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2007;292(6):F1782–90. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00513.2006.
16. Musini VM, Rezapour P, Wright JM, Bassett K, Jauca CD. Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;5, CD003825. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003825.pub4.
17. Wertheimer L, Finnerty Jr FA, Bercu BA, Hall RH. Furosemide in essential hypertension. A statistical analysis of three double-blind studies. Arch Intern Med. 1971;127(5):934–8.
18. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs. 1991;41 Suppl 3:80–91.
19. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the antihypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988;38(1A):190–3.
20. Dupont AG, Schoors D, Six RO, Vanhaelst L. Antihypertensive efficacy of low dose torasemide in essential hypertension: a placebo-controlled study. J Hum Hypertens. 1988;2(4):265–8.
21. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1993;7 Suppl 1:63–8.
22. Brater DC. Clinical pharmacology of loop diuretics. Drugs. 1991;41 Suppl 3:14–22.
23. Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R .A double-blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2003;64(2):632–40. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00124.x.
24. Knauf H, Mutschler E. Diuretic effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide alone and in combination in chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1995;26(3):394–400.
25. Agarwal R, Sinha AD, Pappas MK, Ammous F. Chlorthalidone for poorly controlled hypertension in chronic kidney disease: an interventional pilot study. Am J Nephrol. 2014;39(2):171–82. doi: 10.1159/000358603.
26. Broekhuysen J, Deger F, Douchamps J, Ducarne H, Herchuelz A. Torasemide, a new potent diuretic. Double-blind comparison with furosemide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;31(Suppl):29–34.
27. Dunn CJ, Fitton A, Brogden RN. Torasemide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1995;49:121–42.
28. Knauf H, Mutschler E. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998;34(1):1–24. doi:10.2165/00003088-199834010-00001.
29. Luft FC. Torasemide in the treatment of arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;22(Suppl 3):S32–9.
30. Vlase H. Effectiveness of furosemide in uncontrolled hypertension in the elderly: role of renin profiling. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(3): 187–93. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03260-0.
31. Vadasz TA, Chadha DR. Experience with once-daily and twicedaily slow-release frusemide in hypertension. J Int Med Res. 1982;10(4):199–203.
32. Araoye MA, Chang MY, Khatri IM, Freis ED. Furosemide compared with hydrochlorothiazide. Long-term treatment of hypertension. JAMA. 1978;240(17):1863–6.
33. Finnerty Jr FA, Maxwell MH, Lunn J, Moser M. Long-term effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension a two-year comparison of efficacy and safety. Angiology. 1977;28(2):125–33.
34. Valmin K, Hansen T. Treatment of benign essential hypertension: comparison of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1975;8(6):393–401.
35. Ram CV, Garrett BN, Kaplan NM. Moderate sodium restriction and various diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Arch InternMed. 1981;141(8):1015–9.
36. Anderson J, Godfrey BE, Hill DM, Munro-Faure AD, Sheldon J. A comparison of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and of frusemide in the treatment of hypertensive patients. Q J Med. 1971;40:541–60.
37. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension. 2002;39(5):982–8.
38. Vaughan Jr ED, Laragh JH, Gavras I, Bühler FR, Gavras H, Brunner HR, et al. Volume factor in low and normal renin essential hypertension: treatment with either spironolactone or chlorthalidone. Am J Cardiol. 1973;32(4):523–32. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(73)80044-X.
39. Mann SJ, Ernst ME. Personalizing the diuretic treatment of hypertension: the need for more clinical and research attention. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015;17(4):542. doi:10.1007/s11906-015-0542-4.
40. Egan BM, Basile JN, Rehman SU, Davis PB, Grob 3rd CH, Riehle JF, et al. Plasma Renin test-guided drug treatment algorithm for correcting patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(7):792–801. doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.63.
41. Wilcox CS, Mitch WE, Kelly RA, Skorecki K, Meyer TW, Friedman PA, et al. Response of the kidney to furosemide. I. Effects of salt intake and renal compensation. J Lab Clin Med. 1983;102:450–8.
42. Ellison DH. Diuretic resistance: physiology and therapeutics. Semin Nephrol. 1999;19(6):581–97.
43. Yakovlevitch M, Black HR. Resistant hypertension in a tertiary care clinic. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1786–92.
44. Shen W, Khwaja F, Feig PU, Shah S, Wilcox C. A novel extended release formulation of torsemide enhances natriuresis without lowering Gfr in normal human subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(12_S). doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(14)61401-7
45. Lambe R, Kennedy O, Kenny M, Darragh A. Study of the tolerance and diuretic properties of torasemide following oral or intravenous administration to healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;31(Suppl):9–14.
46. Reyes AJ, Leary WP. Renal excretory responses to single and repeated administration of diuretics in healthy subjects: clinical connotations. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1993;7 (Suppl 1):29–44.
47. Uchida T, Yamanaga K, Nishikawa M, Ohtaki Y, Kido H, Watanabe M. Anti-aldosteronergic effect of torasemide. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991;205(2):145–50.
48. McAdams DeMarco MA, Maynard JW, Baer AN, Gelber AC, Young JH, Alonso A, et al. Diuretic use, increased serum urate levels, and risk of incident gout in a population-based study of adults with hypertension: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(1):121–9. doi:10.1002/art.33315.
49. Holland OB, Pool PE. Metabolic changes with antihypertensive therapy of the salt-sensitive patient. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61(16): 53H–9H.
50. Jackson WP, Nellen M. Effect of frusemide on carbohydrate metabolism, blood-pressure, and other modalities. A comparison with chlorothiazide. Br Med J. 1966;2(5509):333–6.
51. Mann SJ. The silent epidemic of thiazide-induced hyponatremia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008;10(6):477–84.
52. Spital A. Diuretic-induced hyponatremia. Am J Nephrol. 1999;19(4):447–52. doi:13496.
53. Kazory A. Hyponatremia in heart failure: revisiting pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Clin Cardiol. 2010;33(6):322–9. doi: 10.1002/clc.20791.
54. Porzio P, Halberthal M, Bohn D, Halperin ML. Treatment of acute hyponatremia: ensuring the excretion of a predictable amount of electrolyte-free water. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(6):1905–10.
55. Sunderam SG, Mankikar GD. Hyponatraemia in the elderly. Age Ageing. 1983;12(1):77–80.
56. Sonnenblick M, Friedlander Y, Rosin AJ. Diuretic-induced severe hyponatremia. Review and analysis of 129 reported patients. Chest. 1993;103(2):601–6.
57. Byatt CM, Millard PH, Levin GE. Diuretics and electrolyte disturbances in 1000 consecutive geriatric admissions. J R Soc Med. 1990;83(11):704–8.
58. Wright Jr JT, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, Snyder JK, Sink KM, Rocco MV, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl JMed. 2015;373(22):2103–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511939.
59. Garrison SR, Dormuth CR, Morrow RL, Carney GA, Khan KM. Nocturnal leg cramps and prescription use that precedes them: a sequence symmetry analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(2):120–6. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1029.
60. Ikeda K, Oshima T, Hidaka H, Takasaka T. Molecular and clinical implications of loop diuretic ototoxicity. Hear Res. 1997;107(1–2): 1–8.
61. Salvador DR, Rey NR, Ramos GC, Punzalan FE. Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;1, CD00178. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003178.pub2.
62. Gallagher KL, Jones JK. Furosemide-induced ototoxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91(5):744–5.
63. Brown CB, Ogg CS, Cameron JS. High dose frusemide in acute renal failure: a controlled trial. Clin Nephrol. 1981;15(2):90–6.
64. Wulf NR, Matuszewski KA. Sulfonamide cross-reactivity: is there evidence to support broad cross-allergenicity? Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70(17):1483–94. doi:10.2146/ajhp120291.
65. Strom BL, Schinnar R, Apter AJ, Margolis DJ, Lautenbach E, Hennessy S, et al. Absence of cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfonamide nonantibiotics. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1628–35. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022963.
66. Loon NR, Wilcox CS, Unwin RJ. Mechanism of impaired natriuretic response to furosemide during prolonged therapy. Kidney Int. 1989;36(4):682–9.
67. Dussol B, Moussi-Frances J, Morange S, Somma-Delpero C, Mundler O, Berland Y. A pilot study comparing furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14(1): 32–7. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00564.x.
68. Wollam GL, Tarazi RC, Bravo EL, Dustan HP. Diuretic potency of combined hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide therapy in patients with azotemia. Am J Med. 1982;72(6):929–38.
69. Setaro JF, Black HR. Refractory hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(8):543–7. doi:10.1056/nejm199208203270808.
70. Ellison DH. The physiologic basis of diuretic synergism: its role in treating diuretic resistance. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(10):886–94.
71. Laragh JH, Sealey JE. The plasma renin test reveals the contribution of body sodium-volume content (V) and renin-angiotensin (R) vasoconstriction to long-term blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(11):1164–80. doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.171.
72. Cody RJ, Laragh JH, Case DB, Atlas SA. Renin systemactivity as a determinant of response to treatment in hypertension and heart failure. Hypertension. 1983;5(5 Pt 2): III36–42.
73. Ramsay LE, Silas JH, Freestone S. Diuretic treatment of resistant hypertension. Br Med J. 1980;281(6248):1101–3.
74. Verdalles U, de Vinuesa SG, Goicoechea M, Quiroga B, Reque J, Panizo N, et al. Utility of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in the management of refractory hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(Suppl 4): iv31–5. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs420.
75. Molnar J, Somberg JC. The clinical pharmacology of ethacrynic acid. Am J Ther. 2009;16(1):86–92. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e318195e460.
76. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M, Boldrini F, Gatteschi C, et al. Torasemide treatment of arterial hypertension. Basi Razionali della Terapia. 1990;20(5):407–10.
77. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR, Batista LB, Olhaberry JV, Mosler AL, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once-daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients. A randomized and double-blind study. Prog Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol. 1990;8(1):183–209.
78. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikern nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck. 1990;9:40–1.
79. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA, et al. Tagesund Nachrthythmik ambulanter 24-h Blutdruckwerte von alteren essentiellen Hypertonikern bei Therapie mit verschiedenen Antihypertonika. Hochdruck. 1990;10.