The policy objectives of a biofuel industry in canada: An assessment

Agriculture (Switzerland)

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 436-451

  Le Roy, Danny G ^a   Klein, Kurt K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biofuel; Canada; Economics; Policy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84984544441     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20770472     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/agriculture2040436     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. World Bank Indicators Data. Available online: Http://data.worldbank.org/indicator (acessed on 16 August 2012).
2. BIOCAP Canada was a program financed by the federal government from 2002 to 2008. Its purpose was to promote the use of forests, agricultural lands and wetlands to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce renewable energy.
3. Bioenergy Challenge Dialogue Workshop. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 12–13 April 2006.
4. Taylor, A.; Reynolds, M.; Horne, M. Bio-Product Market Development Strategy: A Scoping Study on Federal Policies for Creating Market Demand for Bio-Products in Canada; Pembina Institute: Ottawa, Canada, 2005.
5. Schneider, U.A.; McCall, B. Economic potential of biomass based fuels for greenhouse gas emmission mitigation. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2003, 24, 291–312.
6. Mitchell, C.; Connor, P. Renewable energy policy in the UK 1990–2003. Energy Policy 2004, 32, 1935–1947.
7. Goldemberg, J.; Coelho, S.T.; Nastari, P.M.; Lucon, O. Ethanol learning curve—The brazilian experience. Biomass Bioenergy 2004, 26, 301–304.
8. Canadian Renewable Fuel Association Ethanol Production in Canada. Available online: Http://www.greenfuels.org/en/industry-information/plants.aspx (accessed on 17 August 2012).
9. Cheminfo Services Inc.; (S&T)2 Consultants Inc.; Cemcorp Ltd. Ethanol Production in Alberta; Technical Report for the Government of Alberta: Edmonton, Canada, 2000.
10. Interntional Energy Agency. Biofuels for Transport: An International Perspective; OECD: Paris, France, 2004.
11. Shapouri, H. The Lifecycle Question and Infrastructure Requirements for Expanding Biofuels. In Modelling Ag-Forest Offsets and Biofuels in U.S. and Canadian Regional and National Mitigation, Proceedings of Forestry and Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Modeling Forum Workshop No. 4, Shepherdstown, WV, USA, 6–8 March 2007.
12. Miranowski, J.A. Feasibility of Large Scale Biofuels: Assessing the One Billion Ton Study. In Modeling Ag-Forest Offsets and Biofuels in U.S. and Canadian Regional and National Mitigation, Proceedings of Forestry and Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Modeling Forum Workshop No. 4, Shepherdstown, WV, USA, 6–8 March 2007.
13. Laan, T.; Litman, T.A.; Stennblik, R. Biofuels—At What Cost? Government Support for Ethanol and Biodiesel in Canada; Technical Report for International Institute for Sustainable Development: Winnipeg, Canada, 2011.
14. The Ethanol Expansion Program includes the Future Fuels Initiative program, which includes the National Biomass Ethanol Program.
15. E10 refers to fuel blend of 10% ethanol, 90% gasoline.
16. National Biomass Ethanol Production; Farm Credit Canada: Ottawa, Canada, 2004.
17. Canada Future Fuels Intiative National Biomass Program. Available online: Http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/english/newsroom/2001/steps/steps_future.asp (accessed on 30 November 2001).
18. Canada Future Fuels Program. Available online: Http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/vehiclefuels/ethanol/ethanol_futurefuels.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=N (accessed on 12 January 2002).
19. Canada Ethanol expansion program invitation to proponents round 1. Available online: Http://climatechange.gc.ca/english/publications/announcement/pdf/invitation.pdf (accessed on 16 July 2004).
20. Canada Border Services Agency. Customs Tariff, 2012; Canada Border Services Agency: Ottawa, Canada, 2012.
21. Industry Canada. Trade Data Online. Industry Canada: Ottawa, Canada, 2012.
22. White Paper: New Brunswick Energry Policy; New Brunswick Natural Resources and Energy: Moncton, Canada, 2001; p. 86.
23. Biofuel Co-operative Case Study Series—Seaway Valley Farmers’ Energy Co-operative; Technical Report for The Agricultural Co-operative Development Initiative (Ag-CDI): Ottawa, Canada, 2009. Available online: Http://www.ontario-sea.org/Storage/27/1930_article2.pdf (accessed on 11 December 2012).
24. Ontario Supports Clean, Renewable Energy Policy; Ministry of the Environment: Toronto, Canada, 2002.
25. Freeze, B.S.; Peters, T. A note on the profitablity of wheat-ethanol-feedlot production in alberta. Can. J. Agric. Econ. 1999, 47, 67–78.
26. Saskatchewan Plan to Develop Ethanol Industry. Available online: Http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=65df480a-1a6c-4396-a383-dee343ee6eaa (accessed on 16 August 2012).
27. Briere, K. Ethanol Special Report. The Western Producer, 21 November 2002.
28. Déclaration ministérielle concernant la réduction de la taxe sur les carburants à l’égard de l’éthanol; Ministry of Finance: Québec, Canada, 12 December 1996.
29. Manitoba Ethanol Backgrounder. Available online: Http://www.gov.mb.ca/est/energy/ethanol/ebckgrder1.html#Intro (accessed on 20 March 2007).
30. Raneses, A.R.; Glaser, L.K.; Price, J.M.; Duffield, J.A. Potential biodiesel markets and their economic effects on the agricultural sector of the united states. Ind. Crops Prod. 1999, 9, 151–162.
31. Manitoba Province introduces proposed legislation to mandate 10 percent ethanol blends by 2005 (http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/press/top/2003/11/2003-11-21-03.html).
32. Ryan, L.; Connery, F.; Ferreira, S. Stimulating the use of biofuels in the European Union: Implications for climate change policy. Energy Policy 2006, 34, 3184–3194.
33. De La Torre Ugarte, D. The contribution of bioenergy to a new energy paradigm. Eurochoices 2005, 4, 6–13.
34. Goldemberg, J.; Guardabassi, P. Are biofuels a feasible option? Energy Policy 2008, 37, 10–14.
35. West, G.E.; Le Roy, D.G.; Larue, B. Consumer Attitudes toward Biofuel Intervention Policies in Canada. In Proceedings of 2006 BIOCAP Canada Conference, Ottawa, Canada, 31 October–1 November 2006.
36. Canada Gazette Part I.; Government of Canada: Ottawa, Canada, 2006; Volume 140, pp. 5421–5498.
37. Henke, J.M.; Klepper, G.; Schmitz, N. Tax exemption for biofuels in germany: Is bio-ethanol really an option for climate policy? Energy 2005, 30, 2617–2635.
38. Boehringer, C.; Loeschel, A. Assessing the cost of compliance: The Kyoto Protocol. Eur. Environ. 2002, 12, 1–16.
39. Farm Income Issues Data Source Book; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada: Ottawa, Canada, 2005.
40. United States of America. Canada Biofuels 2006; United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service: Washington, DC, USA, 2007.
41. Abbott, P.C.; Hurt, C.; Tyner, W.E. What’s Driving Food Prices? Farm Foundation: Oak Brook, IL, USA, 2008; p. 80.
42. Klein, K.K.; Le Roy, D.G. Government policies to support biofuel production: Why and to what effect? In The Economics of Alternative Energy Sources and Globalization; Schmitz, A., Wilson, N., Moss, C., Zilberman, D., Eds.; Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.: Oak Park, IL, USA, 2011; pp. 13–23.
43. Tyner, W.E.; Ackerman, J.; Ackerman, L.; Taheripour, F.; Hurt, C. Potential Impacts of a Partial Waiver of the Ethanol Blending Rules; Farm Foundation: Oak Brook, IL, USA, 2012; p. 13.
44. Barichello, R.; Klein, K.K. Causes and Consequences of Capitalization in Canadian Agriculture; Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute: Ottawa, Canada, 2005; p. 44.
45. Swenson, D. Input-Outrageous: The Economic Impacts of Modern Biofuels Production; Department of Economics, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University: Ames, IA, USA, 2006; p. 23.
46. Renewable Fuels Association. World Fuel Ethanol Production. Available online: Http://ethanolrfa.org/pages/World-Fuel-Ethanol-Production (accessed on 17 August 2012).