Synthetic amorphous silicas

Colloidal Silica: Fundamentals and Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 575-588

  Brinkmann, U ^a   Ettlinger, M ^a   Kerner, D ^a   Schmoll, R ^a  

^a EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84983599623     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (93)

1. H. Ferch, Chem. Ing. Techn. 48, 922 (1976).
2. Anonymous, Am. Chem. J. 9, 14 (1887).
3. US 875,674; US 875,675, 1907, H. N. Potter,.
4. DE 1,034,601, 1955, BF Goodrich
5. USP 2,863,738, 1958, BF Goodrich.
6. DE 1 180 723, 1963, Degussa.
7. DE 1 933 291, 1969, Degussa.
8. T. Graham, J. Chem. Soc. 17, 318 (1864).
9. US 1,279,724, 1918, Silica Gel Corp.
10. S.S. Kistler, Nature (London) 127, 741 (1931);
11. J. Phys. Chem. 36, 52 (1932).
12. J.F. White, Chem. Ind. 51, 66 (1942).
13. WO 94/25149, R. Desphande, D.M. Smith, C.J. Brinker.
14. A.E. Boss, Chem. Ing. News 27, 677 (1949).
15. Degussa Archive, Degussa AG, Germany.
16. DE 762,723, 1942, Degussa.
17. L.J. White, G.J. Duffy, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 51, 232 (1959).
18. E. Wagner, H. Brünner, Angew. Chem. 72, 744 (1960).
19. DE 1,208,741, 1955, NYNÄ S Petroleum.
20. Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition, Vol. 21, Silica, p 998.
21. S. Brunauer, P.H. Emmet, E. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 2682 (1936).
22. J. Seifert, G. Emig, Chem.-Ing. Techn. 59, 475 (1978).
23. IUPAC Manual of Symbols and Terminology, Appendix 2, Pt. 1, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 31, 578 (1972).
24. E.W.Washburn, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA7, 115 (1921).
25. L.T. Zhuralev, Langmuir 3, 316 (1987).
26. L.T. Zhuralev, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 74, 71 (1993).
27. E.F. Vansant, P. Van der Voort, K.C. Vrancken, Characterization and Chemical Modification of the Silica Surface, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 93, 88 (1995).
28. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition (1993), Wiley, New York, Vol. A23, p. 631.
29. J. Mathias, G. Wannemacher, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 125, 61 (1988).
30. A. Legrand: The Surface Properties of Silicas, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998, 286.
31. Eugene Papirer (Editor): Adsorption on Silica Surfaces, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, ISBN 0-8247-0003-1.
32. S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 41, 675 (1998).
33. DE 1 172 245, 1963, Degussa.
34. DE 2 729 244, 1977, Degussa.
35. EP 0 466 958, Degussa.
36. EP 0 672 731, Degussa.
37. K. Albert, E. Bayer, B. Pfleiderer: J. Chrom. 506, 343 (1997).
38. DE 1 074 559, 1959, Degussa.
39. DE 2 628 975, 1976, Degussa.
40. DE 19 757 210, Degussa.
41. EP 0 090 125, Degussa.
42. EP 0 341 383, 1989, Degussa.
43. M.P. Wagner: The Consequences of Chemical Bonding in Filler Reinforcement of Elastomers, paper presented at the Colloques Internationaux, Sept. 24-26, 1973, Le Bischenberg-Obernai, France.
44. F. Thurn, S. Wolff: Neue Organosilane fü r die Reifenindustrie, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 28, 733 (1975).
45. S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 34, 280 (1975).
46. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition (1993), Wiley, New York, Vol. A23, Chapter 7.1.
47. CEFIC ASASP, BREF Working Group of Synthetic Amorphous Silica, 2002, 10.
48. R.K. Iler: The Chemistry of Silica, J. Wiley & Sons, New York 1979, p 174.
49. DE 1 467 019, 1963, Degussa.
50. DE 1 283 207, 1961, PPG.
51. DE 2 224 061, 1972, Sifrance.
52. EP 0 018 866, 1980, Rhone-Poulenc.
53. DE 2 505 191, 1975, Degussa.
54. DE 1 467 437, 1965, Degussa.
55. DE 1 293 138, 1965, Degussa.
56. US 4 179 431, 1979, Degussa.
57. DE 1 567 440, 1965, Degussa.
58. Degussa, Technical Bulletin Pigments: The Handling of Synthetic Silicas and Silicates, Pig. 28-3-2-598, 3rd Edition, May 1998.
59. US 1 297 724, 1918, Patrick.
60. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition (1993), Wiley, New York, Vol. A23, p. 629-635.
61. C.J. Brinker, G.W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science, Academic Press, San Diego 1990, 458-460.
62. IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd Edition 1997.
63. WO 00/02814.
64. Kistler, J. Phys. Chem. 36, 52 (1932).
65. Cabot Annual Report 2001, p. 32.
66. J. Fricke, A, Emmerling, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 13, 299-30 (1998).
67. N. Hüsing, U. Schubert, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Vol 37, 22-45 (1998).
68. DE 30 16 010, Degussa.
69. P. Vondracek, M. Schätz, Kautschuk þ Gummikunststoffe 33, 699 (1980).
70. D.M. Hoffmann, I.L. Chiu, Appl. Polym. Sci. Proc. 46, 100 (1981).
71. S.J. Clarson, J.A. Semlyen: Siloxane Polymers, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1993, ISBN 0-13-816315-4.
72. Burkus F.S., Amaresekera J., Rubber World, June 2000, 26.
73. K.H. Müller, Mühle Mischfuttertech. 114, 28 (1977).
74. Degussa, Schriftenreihe Pigmente: Synthetische Kieselsäuren als Fließhilfsmittel und als Trägersubstanz, Pig. 31-7-3-592, 5th Edition, May 1992.
75. C.R. Hegedus, I.L. Kamel, J. Coat. Tech. 65, 49 (1993).
76. Technical Bulletin Pigments No. 54, Company Brochure of Degussa AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 1999.
77. Technical Bulletin Pigments No. 27, Company Brochure of Degussa AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany 2000.
78. K. Kobayashi, K. Araki, Y. Imamura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 62, 3421 (1989).
79. George Wypych: Handbook of Fillers, ChemTec Publishing, 1999, ISBN 1-895198-19-4.
80. B.L. Mueller, J.S. Steckenrider, Chemtech, February 1998, 38.
81. R. Clasen, Glastechn. Ber. 61, 119 (1988).
82. WO 0204370, 2002, Novara Technology.
83. E.M. Rabinovich et al., Amer. Chem. Soc. 66, 683 (1983).
84. C.J. Johnston et al., Toxicological Sciences 56, 405-413 (2000).
85. R. Merget. et al., Occupational Hygiene 5, 231-251 (2001).
86. J. Lewinson, W. Mayr, H. Wagner, Toxicology and Pharmacology 20, 37-57 (1994).
87. W. Klosterkötter, Arch. Hyg. Bakteriol. 149, 577-598 (1965).
88. P. Reuzel et al., Fd. Chem. Toxic. 29, 341-354 (1991).
89. Y. Sun et al., DAE 2001, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, September 6-7, 2001 (Abstract).
90. M. Maier, SILICA 2001, Mulhouse, September 3-6, 2001 (Abstract).
91. IUCLID Data Set of the European Commission: Silicon Dioxide (2000).
92. H. Ferch et al., Arbeitsmed., Sozialmed., Präventivmed. 22, 6, 23 (1987).
93. H. Ferch, S. Habersang, Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wachse 108, 487 (1982).