Legalising drugs: Debates and dilemmas

Legalising Drugs: Debates and Dilemmas

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-160

  Bean, Philip ^a  

^a Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84983429582     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (114)

1. ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs) (1988)AIDS and Drug Misuse: Part 1, London: HMSO.
2. ACPO (Association of Chief Police Officers) (2008)ACPO Recommends Cannabis Classification, press release, 5 February, Ref 11/08, London: ACPO.
3. Ashton, M. (2003) ‘Hepatitis C and needle exchange’, Drug and Alcohol Findings, no 9.
4. Ashton, M. (2007) ‘The new abstentionists’, Druglink, vol 18, no 43, pp 1-16.
5. Bakalar, J. and Grinspoon, L. (1984)Drug Control in a Free Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Bean, P.T. (1974)The Social Control of Drugs, Oxford: Martin Robertson.
7. Bean, P.T. (1981)Punishment, Oxford: Martin Robertson.
8. Bean, P.T. (1984) Ecstacy; supply and use, Report to Business Against Drugs (mimeo).
9. Bean, P.T. (2006) ‘The health of drug users’, in J. Goethals, F. Hutsebaut and G. Vervaeke (eds) Gerechtelijke, Geestelizke Gezondheidszorg, Leuven: University of Leuven, pp 57-69.
10. Bean, P.T. (2008)Drugs and Crime (3rd edition), Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
11. Bean, P.T. and Ravenscroft, A. (2004) ‘Therapeutic addicts; their treatment and control’, in P.T. Bean and T. Nemitz (eds) Drug Treatment: What Works? London: Routledge, pp 178-90.
12. Bean, P.T. and Wilkinson, C.K. (1988) ‘Drug taking, crime and the illicit supply system’, British Journal of Addiction, vol 83, no 5, pp 533-9.
13. Becker, J. and Roe, S. (2005)Drug Use among Vulnerable Groups of Young People: Findings from the 2003 Crime and Justice Survey, London: Home Office.
14. Bennett, W (1989) ‘Drug policy and the intellectuals’, Speech delivered at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 11 December, mimeo.
15. Bentham, J. (1948)An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
16. Billingsley, R., Nemitz, T. and Bean, P.T. (eds) (2001)Informers: Policing Policy and Practice, Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
17. Brewer, C. (2004) ‘Psychological and pharmacological components of treatment’, in P.T. Bean and T. Nemitz (eds) Drug Treatment: What Works?, London: Routledge, pp 84-109.
18. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse Working Group (1996) Mimeo.
19. Chaiken, J. and Chaiken, M. (1990) ‘Drugs and predatory crime’, in M. Tonry and J.Q.Wilson (eds) Drugs and Crime, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp 203-40.
20. Clarke, R. (2001) ‘Informers and corruption’, in R. Billingsley, T. Nemitz and P.T. Bean (eds) Informers: Policing Policy and Practice, Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp 38-49.
21. DH (Department of Health) (2003)Injectable Heroin and Injectable Methadone: Potential Roles in Drug Treatment, London: DH.
22. Dole, M. and Nyswander, V. (1965) ‘A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction: a clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride’, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol 193, pp 646-50.
23. Farrell, M., Ward, J., Mattick, R., Hall, W, Stimson, G.V, des Jarlais, D., Gossop, M. and Strang, J. (1994) ‘Methadone maintenance treatment in opiate dependence’, British Medical Journal, vol 309, pp 997-1101.
24. Farrington, D.P. (1997) ‘Human development and criminal careers’, in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 361-408.
25. Faugier, J. and Sargeant, M. (1997) ‘Boyfriends, “pimps” and clients’, in G. Scambler and A. Scambler (eds) Rethinking Prostitution, London: Routledge, pp 121-36.
26. Friedman, M. and Szasz, T. (1992)On Liberty and Drugs, Washington, DC: Drug Policy Foundation.
27. GMC (General Medical Council) (undated) 0 to 18Years: Guidance for All Doctors, London: GMC Publications.
28. Goode, E. (1999) ‘Thinking about the drug policy debate’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate, London: Sage Publications, pp 111-24.
29. Gyngell, G. (2007) Breakthrough Britain: Ending the Costs of Social Breakdown, Conservative Social Justice Policy Group.
30. Hansard (1971) Misuse of Drugs Bill 1971, (Also Lord Windelsham), 14 February.
31. Hawks, D. and Lenton, S. (1995) ‘Harm reduction in Australia: has it worked? A review’, Drug and Alcohol Review, vol 14, pp 291-304.
32. HM Government (2002) The Government’s Drug Strategy.
33. HM Government (2004) Every Child Matters (December).
34. HM Government (2007) Government Harm Reduction Action Plan (May). (Also published by the Ministry of Health)
35. HM Government (2008) Drugs; Protecting Families and Communities Action Plan (1st edition).
36. Home Office (2005)Drug Offenders in England and Wales (Findings 256), London: Home Office.
37. Home Office (2008) (press release) Government Crackdown on Cannabis.
38. House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2002a) The Government’s Drug Policy: Is it Working?, Third Report of Session 2001-2002, vol 1, HC 318-1, paras 265-76.
39. House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee (2002b) The Government’s Drug Policy: Is it Working? (The Government’s reply to the Third Report from the Home Affairs Committee Session 20012002), HC 318, Cm 5573.
40. Husak, D.N. (1992)Drugs and Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41. Husak, D.N. (1998) ‘Two rationales for drug policy: how they shape the content of reform’, in J.M. Fish (ed) How to Legalise Drugs, New Jersey, NJ: Aronson, pp 29-60.
42. INCB (International Narcotics Control Board) (2007)Annual Report, 1 March, Vienna: INCB.
43. INCB (2008)Annual Report,5 March, Vienna: INCB (press release relating to that Report 2008).
44. Inciardi, J. (1989a) ‘Legalization; a high risk alternative in the war on drugs’, American Behavioural Scientist, vol 32, no 3, pp 259-89.
45. Inciardi, J. (1989b) ‘Debating the legalisation of drugs’, American Behavioural Scientist, vol 32, pp 233-42.
46. Inciardi, J. (1999) ‘Legalising drugs: would it really reduce violent crime?’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate (2nd edition), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp 55-74.
47. Inciardi, J. (1990) ‘The drugs crime connection’, in J. Inciardi (ed) Handbook of Drug Control in the US, New York and London: Greenwood Press, pp 71-90.
48. Inciardi, J. (2000) ‘Harm reduction and criminal justice’, in J. Inciardi and L. Harrison (eds) Harm Reduction: National and International Perspectives, London: Sage Publications, pp 193-206.
49. Inciardi, J. and Harrison, L. (eds) (2000)Harm Reduction: National and International Perspectives, London: Sage Publications.
50. Inciardi, J. and McBride, D.C. (1989) ‘Legalisation: a high risk alternative’, American Behavioural Scientist, vol 32, no 3, pp 259-89.
51. Inciardi, J. and McBride, D.C. (1990) ‘Debating the legalisation of drugs’, in J. Inciardi (ed) Handbook of Drug Control in the US, New York and London: Greenwood Press, pp 283-99.
52. Inciardi, J. and McBride, D. (1991) ‘The case against legalisation’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate, London: Sage Publications, pp 45-79.
53. Inciardi, J., Lockwood, D. and Pottieger, A. (1993)Women and Crack Cocaine, London: Macmillan.
54. International Harm Reduction Association (1996)What is Harm Reduction?, London: IHRA.
55. International Harm Reduction Association (2008) Global State of Harm Reduction, London: IHRA, p 119. [See also Gerry Stimson in his introductory comments of that edition.]
56. Jacobs, J. (1990) ‘Imagining drug legalisation’, The Public Interest, vol 101, pp 28-42.
57. Karel, R. (1991) ‘A model legalisation proposal’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate (2nd edition), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp 80-102.
58. Kleber, H.D. and Inciardi, J. (2005) ‘Clinical and societal implications of drug legalisation’, in J.H. Lowinson (ed) Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook (4th edition), Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, pp 1383-1400.
59. Kleiman, M. (1993) Letter to The Economist, 12-18 June, p 8.
60. Kleiman, M. (2008) ‘Arguments for and against drug prohibition’, (quoted by Morgan, S. and posted in Chronicle Blog 18 Feb 2008) Wikipedia website.
61. Kleiman, M. and Saiger, A.J. (1990) ‘Drug legalisation: the importance of asking the right question’, Hofstra Law Review, vol 18, no 3 (A Symposium on Drug Decriminalisation), pp 527-65.
62. Levi, M. and Osofsky, L. (1995)Investigating, Seizing and Confiscating the Proceeds of Crime, London: Home Office, Police Research Group.
63. Levi, M. and Reuter, P. (2006) ‘Money laundering’, in M. Tonry (ed) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp 289-375.
64. Levine, R. (1993) ‘Medicalisation of psychoactive substance abuse’, in R. Bayer and G.M. Oppenheimer (eds) Confronting Drug Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 319-36.
65. Liberty (2001) The Government’s Drug Policy. Is it working? Submission to Home Affairs Select Committee, September.
66. Lipton, D.S. (1989) The Theory of Rehabilitation as Applied to Addict Offenders, Mimeo.
67. Lowinson, J.H. (2005)Substance Misuse: A Comprehensive Textbook (4th edition), Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
68. MacCoun, R., Kelmer, B. and Reuter, P. (2002) Research on Drugs and Crime Linkages, Mimeo.
69. Matrix Knowledge Group (2007)The Illicit Drug Trade in the UK, Online Report 20/07, London: Home Office.
70. May, T., Edmunds, M., Hough, M. and Harvey, C. (1999)Street Business: The Links between Sex and Drug Markets, Police Research Series Paper No 118, London: Home Office.
71. McBride, D.C., Terry, Y.M. and Inciardi, J. (1999) ‘Alternative perspectives on the drug policy debate’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate, London: Sage Publications, pp 9-54.
72. McKegany, N. (2008) ‘Should heroin be prescribed to heroin users? No’, British Medical Journal, vol 336, p 71.
73. McSweeney, T., Turnball, P. and Hough, M. (2008)Tackling Drug Markets and Distribution Networks in the UK, Institute of Criminal Policy Review, London: King’s College London.
74. McVay, D. (1992) ‘Marijuana legalisation: the time is now’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Legalisation Debate, London: Sage Publications, pp 147-60.
75. Mill, J.S. (1946)On Liberty, Blackwell, (Everyman Edition)
76. Miller, N. and Gold, M. (1994) ‘Criminal activity and crack addiction’, International Journal of Addictions, vol 29, no 8, pp 1065-81.
77. Ministry of Health (1926) Departmental Committee on Morphine and Heroin Addiction Report (The Rolleston Report).
78. Ministry of Health and Scottish Home and Health Department (1965) Drug addiction; the second report of the Interdepartmental Committee (The second Brain Report).
79. Moore, M. (1984) ‘Regulating heroin: Kaplan and Trebach on the dilemmas of public policy’, American Bar Foundation Research Journal, pp 723-31.
80. Moore, M. (1992a) ‘Actually prohibition was a success’, in R.L. Evans and I.M. Berent (eds) Drug Legalisation: For and Against, La Salle, CA: Open Court Publications, pp 95-7.
81. Moore, M. (1992b) ‘Drugs: getting a fix on the problem and solution’, in R.L. Evans and I.M. Berent (eds) Drug Legalisation: For and Against, La Salle, CA: Open Court Publications, pp 123-55.
82. Nadelmann, E.A. (1991) ‘The case for legalisation’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate, London: Sage Publications, pp 17-44.
83. Nadelmann, E.A. (1992) ‘Thinking seriously about alternatives to drug prohibition’, Daedalus, vol 121, pp 87-132.
84. Nadelmann, E.A. (1995) ‘Drug prohibition in the United States: costs consequences and alternatives’, in J. Inciardi and K. McElrath (eds) The American Drug Scene, Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury, pp 322-35.
85. Nadelmann, E.A. (1999a) ‘Common sense drug policy’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate (2nd edition), London: Sage Publications, pp 157-72.
86. Nadelmann, E. (1999b) ‘The case for legalisation’, in J. Inciardi (ed) The Drug Legalisation Debate (2nd edition), London: Sage Publications, pp 17-44.
87. Neyroud, P. and Beckley, A. (2001) ‘Regulating informers: RIPA covert policing and human rights’, in R. Billingsley, T. Nemitz and P.T. Bean (eds) Informers: Policing Policy and Practice, Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp 164-75.
88. NTA (National Treatment Agency) (2003a) Research into Practice Briefing No 2: Prescribing Services for Drug Misuse, January, NTA, Mimeo, www.nta.nhs.uk/publications/documents/nta_prescribing_services_drug_misuse_2003_rip2.pdf
89. NTA (2003b)Injectable Heroin and Injectable Methadone in Drug Treatment, London: NTA.
90. Ostrowski, J. (1990) ‘The moral and practical case for drug legalisation’, Hofstra Law Review, vol 18, no 3 (A Symposium on Drug Decriminalisation), pp 607-702.
91. Pauly, B. (2008) ‘Harm reduction through a social justice lens’, International Journal of Drug Policy, vol 19, no 1, pp 4-10.
92. Platt, A. (1969)The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
93. Reuter, P. (1992) ‘Hawks ascendant: the punitive trend of American drug policy’, Daedulus, vol 121, pp 15-52.
94. Reuter, P. and MacCoun, R. (1996) ‘Harm reduction and social policy’, Drug and Alcohol Review, vol 15, pp 225-30.
95. Reuter, P. and Stevens, A. (2007) An Analysis of UK Drug Policy: UK Drug Policy Commission.
96. Reuter, P., Farrell, M. and Strang, J. (1994) ‘The non-case for legalisation’, in R. Stevenson (ed) Winning the War on Drugs.To Legalise or Not?, Hobart Paper No 124, Commentary (2), London: Institute of Economic Affairs, pp 83-90.
97. Sanders, T. (2005)Sex Work: A Risky Business, Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
98. Schmoke, K.L. (1990) ‘An argument in favour of decriminalisation’, Hofstra Law Review, vol 18, no 3 (A Symposium on Drug Decriminalisation), pp 501-25.
99. Schuler, J.T. and McBride, A. (1990) ‘Notes from the front: a dissident law-enforcement perspective on drug prohibition’, Hofstra Law Review, vol 18, no 3 (A Symposium on Drug Decriminalisation), pp 893-942.
100. Spear, H.B. (2002) (Edited by Joy Mott) Heroin Addiction, Care and Control, London: Drugscope.
101. Stevenson, R. (1994)Winning the Wir on Drugs: To Legalise or Not?, Hobart Paper No 124, London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
102. Stimson, G.V (2007) ‘Harm reduction — coming of age’, International Journal of Drug Policy, vol 18, no 2, pp 67-9.
103. Szasz, T. (1996)Our Right to Use Drugs: The Case for a Free Market, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
104. Thornton, M. (1998) ‘Perfect drug legalisation’, in J.M. Fish (ed) How to Legalise Drugs, New Jersey, NJ: Aronson, pp 638-60.
105. Transform (2005)Illegal Drugs: The Problem is Prohibition, the Solution is Control and Regulation, Bristol: Transform Drug Policy Foundation.
106. Transform (2006)After the Wir on Drugs: Options for Control, Bristol: Transform.
107. Transform (2007) After theWar on Drugs Tools for the Debate, Bristol: Transform.
108. Trebach, A. and Inciardi, J. (eds) (1993)Legalise It? Debating American Drug Policy, Washington, DC: American University Press.
109. UN (United Nations) General Assembly (2006) Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS: UN, pp 1-6.
110. UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) (2007) World Drug Report (December).
111. West, DJ. and Farrington, D. (1977)The Delinquent Way of Life, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
112. Wilson, J.Q. (1995) ‘Against the legalisation of drugs’, in J. Inciardi and K. McElrath (eds) The American Drug Scene, Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury, pp 336-44.
113. Wootton, B. (1968)Cannabis, Report by the Advisory Committee on Drug Dependence, London: HMSO.
114. Yandle, B. (1983) ‘Bootleggers and Baptists: the education of a regulatory economist’, Regulation7, no 3, p 12.