International community organising: Taking power, making change

International Community Organising: Taking Power, Making Change

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-256

  Beck, Dave ^a   Purcell, Rod ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84983420409     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (218)

1. Abrams, M. (2010) ‘When the past stands in front of the present so we can’t see the future’, in V! Ivanova and M. Klingenberg (eds) Closing the Books or Keeping them Open?, International Perspectives on Education series, pp 29-41.
2. ACHR (Asian Coalition for Housing Rights) (2000) ‘Urban Poor Development Fund’, Bangkok:ACHR (www.achr.net).
3. ACHR (2001) ‘Building an urban poor people’s movement in Phnom Penh, Cambodia’, Environment and Urbanization, October, vol 13, no 2, pp 61-72.
4. ACHR (2010) ACCA in Cambodia, Bangkok: ACHR.
5. ACHR (2011) A report on the Regional Meeting of the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, 27-30 January, Menam Riverside Hotel, Bangkok.
6. Adams, WM. (2006) The future of sustainability: Re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century. Report of the IUCNRenowned Thinkers Meeting, 29-31 January, Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
7. Alinsky, S.D. (1971) Rules for radicals: A pragmatic primer for realistic radicals, New York: Random House.
8. Alinsky, S.D. (1989) Reveille for radicals, New York:Vintage.
9. Alinsky, S.D. (undated) ‘Saul Alinsky explains community organizing as an outside agitator’ (www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQtwo8lp_E8).
10. Allman, P (2001) Critical education against global capitalism: Karl Marx and critical revolutionary education, Westport: Bergen and Garvey.
11. Anderson, P (1966) ‘Making trouble is Alinsky’s business’, The New York Times Magazine, 9 October.
12. Arnstein, S. (1969) ‘A ladder of citizen participation’ Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol 35, no 4.
13. Atlas, J. (2010) Seeds of change: The story of ACORN, America’s most controversial antipoverty community organizing group, Nashville, TNVanderbilt University Press. Kindle edition
14. Ayton-Shenker, D. (1995) The challenge of human rights and cultural diversity, Department of Public Information, New York: United Nations.
15. Baptist, C. and Bolnick, J. (2012) ‘Participatory enumerations, in situ upgrading and mega events: the 2009 survey in Joe Slovo, Cape Town’, Environment and Urbanization, April, vol 24, pp 59-66.
16. Bardlow, B. (2011) ‘Between the “informal” and the “formal”: slum upgrading in South Africa’, SDI:Cape Town, www.sdinet.org/blog/2011/06/
17. Barr, A. (1991) Practicing community development, London: Community Development Foundation.
18. Barr, A., Hasegan, S. and Purcell, R. (1996) Monitoring and evaluation of community development, Belfast: Northern Ireland Department of Health and Social Security.
19. Bass, B.M. (1999) ‘Ethics, character and authentic transformational leadership behaviour’, Leadership Quarterly, vol 10, no 2, pp 181-207.
20. Batten, T (1967) The non-directive approach in group and community work, London: Oxford University Press.
21. Beck, D. (2007) ‘Adding some glue to the pot: Community development, education and the development of social capital’, Learning Communities: International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts, November, pp 78-108.
22. Beck, D. (2012) ‘Community of strangers: Supporting drug recovery through community development and Freirean pedagogy’, Journal of Progressive Human Services, May, vol 2, pp 110-26.
23. Beck, D. and Purcell, R. (2010) Popular education practice for youth and community development work, Exeter: Learning Matters.
24. Becker, G. (1976) The economic approach to human behaviour, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
25. Bischof, L. (2009) Community organizing as an instrument of change management, Wisconsin: Comm-org Papers (http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers2009/bischof.htm).
26. Bishop, D. (2007) ‘Unintentional leadership’, Integral Leadership Review, vol vii, no 4, August.
27. Boal, A. and Epstein, S. (1990) ‘The cop in the head: Three hypotheses’, The Drama Review, vol 34, no 3, Autumn, pp 35-42.
28. Bobo, K., Kendall, J. and Max, S. (2010) Organizingfor social change: Midwest Academy manual for activists, Santa Ana, CA: The Forum Press.
29. Boggs, C. (1976) Gramsci’s Marxism, London: Pluto Press.
30. Bolnick, J. (1993) ‘The people’s dialogue on land and shelter: Community-driven networking in South Africa’s informal settlements’, Environment and Urbanization, vol 5, no 1, April, pp 91-107.
31. Brood, P (1986) ‘The forms of capital’, in J.G. Richardson (ed) Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Chapter 9.
32. Bourdieu, P and Waquant, L. (1992) An invitation to reflexive sociology, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
33. Brazier, A. (1969) Black self-determination, Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
34. Briggs, S.M., Tyler, J. and Mullineaux, D.R. (2003) ‘Communications to the 12th Commonwealth International Sport Conference’, Journal of Sports Sciences, vol 21, no 4, pp 340-65.
35. Brown, T.F. (2002) ‘Theoretical perspectives on social capital’, Beaumont, Texas: Lamar University.
36. Bunyan, P (2008) ‘Broad-based organizing in the UK: reasserting the centrality of political activity in community development’, Community Development Journal, vol 45, no 1, January, pp 111-27.
37. Burra, S., Patel, S. and Kerr, T. (2003) ‘Community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks in Indian cities’, Environment and Urbanization, October, vol 15, pp 11-32.
38. Calpotura, F and Fellner, K. (1996) The square pegs find their groove: Reshaping the organizing circle, Madison, WI: COMM-ORG, Online Conference (http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers96/square.html).
39. Cammarota, J. and Aguilera, M. (2012) ‘“By the time I get to Arizona”: Race, language and education in America’s racist state’, Race, Ethnicity and Education, vol 15, no 4, pp 485-500.
40. Carroll, W (2010) ‘Crisis, movements, counter-hegemony’, Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements, vol 2, no 2, November, pp 168-98.
41. Carroll, W and Ratner, R. (2001) ‘Sustaining oppositional cultures in ‘post-socialist’times: a comparative study of three social movement organisations’, Sociology, vol 35, no 3, pp 605-29.
42. Catholic Culture (www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=2885).
43. CDP (Community Development Project) Inter-Project Editorial Team (1976) Whatever happened to council housing, London: CDP Information and Intelligence Unit.
44. CDP Inter-Project Editorial Team (1977a) The costs of industrial change, London: CDP IIU.
45. CDP Inter-Project Editorial Team (1977b) Gilding the ghetto, London: CDP IIU.
46. Chambers, E (2010) Roots for Radicals: Organizingfor Power, Action, and Justice, New York:Continuum International Publishing Group
47. Chandler, D. (2008) A history of Cambodia, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
48. Chatterji, R. (2007) ‘Plans, habitation and slum redevelopment: production of community’, Dharavi, Mumbai, Contributions to Indian Sociology, vol 39, pp 197-218.
49. Coleman, J. (1988) ‘Social capital in the creation of human capital’, American Journal of Sociology, vol 95, S95-S120.
50. Conservative Party (2010) ‘Big Society, not big government’ (www.conservatives.com/news/news_stories/2010/03/~/media/Files/Downloadable%20Files/Building-a-Big-Society.ashx).
51. Cooke, I. and Shaw, M. (1996) Radical community work: Perspectives from practice in Scotland, Edinburgh: Moray House Publications.
52. CORC (Community Organisation Resource Centre) (2009) Joe Slovo household enumeration report, Cape Town: CORC.
53. Cortes, E. (1986) ‘Organizing the community’, The Texas Observer, 11 July.
54. Craig, G. (2007) ‘Community capacity-building: Something old, something new…?’, Critical Social Policy, vol 27, no 3, pp 335-59.
55. Darder, A., Baltodano, M.P and Torres, R.D. (2009) The critical pedagogy reader, New York: Routledge.
56. Davis, M. (2007) Planet of slums, London: Verso.
57. DCOC (Drumchapel Community Organisations Council) (1993) Mercat forces: An exercise in community management for urban regeneration, Drumchapel: DCOC.
58. Democratic Promise (1999) ‘Democratic Promise: Saul Alinsky and his legacy’, Chicago Video Project, co-produced by Bruce Orenstein.
59. de Wit, J. and Berner, E. (2009) ‘Progressive patronage? Municipalities, NGOs, CBOs and the limits to slum dwellers’ empowerment’, Development and Change, vol 40, issue 5, pp 927-47.
60. Delgado, G. (1986) Organizing the movement: The roots and growth of ACORN, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
61. Delgado, G. (1999) Beyond politics of place: New directions in community organizing, Berkeley, CA: Charndon.
62. Department of Local Government and Housing (2009) Western Cape provincial master plan 2008-2014, Cape Town: Department of Local Government and Housing.
63. de Sousa Santos, B. (2008) ‘The world social forum and the global left’, Politics & Society, June, vol 36, pp 247-70.
64. Dow, G. and Lafferty, G. (2007) ‘Decades of disillusion: Reappraising the ALP-ACTU accord 1983-1996’, Australian Journal of Politics And History, vol 53, no 4, pp 552-68.
65. Edwards, M. (2001) ‘Global civil society and community exchanges: a different form of movement’, Environment and Urbanization, vol 13, no 2, October, pp 145-9.
66. Egan, J. Very Rev Msgr (1965) ‘The Archdiocese responds’, Church Metropolis, Summer, p 16.
67. Erickson, F. and Vonk, J.A. (2006) If The World Were 100 People, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay
68. Foucault, M. (1979a) Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
69. Foucault, M. (1979b) Excerptsfrom ‘The history of sexuality:Volume 1: An introduction’. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
70. Freire, P. (1972) Pedagogy of the oppressed, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
71. Freire, P (2001) Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy and civic courage, London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
72. Galloway, S. (2006) The benefits of culture and sport:Literature review, Edinburgh: Scottish Government (www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/01/13110743/0).
73. Gaynor, N. (2011) ‘In-active citizenship and the depoliticization of community development in Ireland’, Community Development Journal, vol 46, no 1, pp 27-4.
74. Global Footprint Network (2008) The ecologicalfootprint atlas 2008, Oakland: GFN
75. Goff, C. (2007) ‘An interview with Sheela Patel’, The Internationalist Magazine, issue 398.
76. Government of India (2001) Census of India, 2001, New Delhi.
77. Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from The Prison Notebooks, London: Lawrence & Wishart.
78. Gray, H. Chicago organizing: Tough, cat-clawing, bloody (http://hunterbear.org/chicago_orgamzmg.htm).
79. Green, J. and Chapman, A. (1992) ‘The British Community Development Project: Lessons for today’, Community Development Journal, vol 27, no 3, pp 242-58.
80. Gulbenkian Committee (1968) Community work and social change, Harlow: Longman.
81. Hanifan, LJ. (1916) The rural school community centre, Boston, MA: Silver Burdett.
82. Hansard (1948) Parliamentary debates, 3rd series, vol 97, col 122.
83. Harriss, J. (2002) Depoliticizing development:The World Bank and social capital, London: Anthem Press.
84. Henderson, P and Salmon, H. (1995) Community organizing:The UK context, Belfast: Churches Community Work Alliance.
85. Hitchman, J. (2011) ‘The Social Forum movement in Africa’, World Social Forum (www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/noticias_01.php?cd_news=3044&cd_language=2).
86. Hoare, Q. and Smith, G.N. (eds) (1971) Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, New York: International Publishers.
87. Hofstede, G. (1984) ‘The cultural relativity of the quality oflife concept’, Academy of Management Review, vol 9, no 3, pp 389-98.
88. Hoggert, P, Mayo, M. and Miller, C. (2009) The dilemmas of development practice, Bristol: Policy Press.
89. Hope, A. and Timmel, S. (1995) Training for transformation. Vols 1, 2, 3, Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press.
90. Horwitt, S.D. (1989) Let them call me rebel: Saul Alinsky - His life and legacy, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
91. Hunter, F. (2010) ‘Some insights into community adult education in South Africa’, Adult Education and Development, no 74.
92. Iveson, K. (2010) ‘Seeking spatial justice: Some reflections from Sydney’, City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, vol 14, no 6, pp 607-11.
93. Jacobs, J. (1961) The death and life of great American cities, New York: Random.
94. Jones, M. (2006) The American pursuit of unhappiness - Gross National Happiness (GNH) - A new socioeconomic policy, Nevada: International Institute of Management (www.iim-edu.org/grossnationalhappiness/).
95. Jordhus-Lier, D. (2011) ‘Local contestation around a flagship urban housing project: N2 Gateway and the Joe Slovo community in Cape Town’, European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes/Development Studies Association Conference, 19-22 September, York.
96. Jorgensen, K.M. (2001) Power, knowledge and organizing, Aalborg: Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Learning, Aalborg University.
97. Kaufman, M. and Alfonso, H.D. (1997) Community power and grassroots democracy: The transformation of social life, London: Zed Books.
98. Kimball, L. (1997) Keynote address, Team Strategies Conference, Toronto, Canada.
99. Knight, B. (1991) Community organizing in Britain: The first two years of the Citizen Organizing Foundation, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy.
100. Kretzmann, J. and McKnight, J. (1993) Building communities from the inside out: A path toward finding and mobilizing a community’s assets, Chicago, IL: ACTA Publications.
101. Lane, P (1939) The Lane report: The field of community organization, Buffalo, New York: National Conference on Social Welfare.
102. Ledwith, M. (2011) Community development: A critical approach, Bristol: Policy Press.
103. Lees, R. (1975) Research strategies for social welfare, Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
104. Ley, A. and Herrle, P (2007) Report on the evaluation of SDIstrategies to secure land and basic services in South Africa and Malawi, Cape Town: Oikos Human Settlements Research Group.
105. LISC (Local Initiatives Support Corporation) (2010) Annual report (www.lisc. org/annualreport/2010/message/message.shtml).
106. London Edinburgh Weekend Return Group (1980) In and Against the State, London, Pluto Press
107. McGaffey, RJ. and Khalil, H. (2005) Alinsky in the age of neocolonialism (http://ibible.enablepassion.org/Writing/school/06%20nyu%20gallatin%20faIl%2005/alinsky.pdf).
108. Makau, J., Dobson, S. and Samia, E. (2012) ‘The five-city enumeration: the role of participatory enumerations in developing community capacity and partnerships with government’, Uganda Environment and Urbanization, April, vol 24, pp 31-46.
109. Maslow, A. (1943) ‘A theory of human motivation’, Psychological Review, vol 50, no 4, pp 370-96.
110. Max-Neef, M.A., Elizalde, A. and Hopenhayn, M. (1987) Human scale development, New York: The Apex Press.
111. Meadows, D. (1990) Returning Peace Corps volunteers of Madison Wisconsin, Unheard voices: Celebrating cultures from the developing world Donella H. Meadows, The global citizen, 31 May 1990.
112. Medina, L. (2011) Community organizing for Conservatives: A manifesto for localism in the Tea Party movement (Voices of the Tea Party), New York: HarperCollins, Inc. (Kindle edition).
113. Miller, M. (2010) ‘Alinsky for the left: The politics of community organizing’, Dissent, vol 57, no 1, pp 43-9.
114. Miller, M Beyond the politics of place: A critical review (http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers96/miller.html#interest).
115. Mitlin, D. (2008) ‘With and beyond the state - Co-production as a route to political influence, power and transformation for grassroots organizations’, Environment and Urbanization, October, vol 20, pp 339-60.
116. Muller, A. and Mitlin, D. (2007) ‘Securing inclusion: Strategies for community empowerment and state redistribution’, Environment and Urbanization, vol 19, pp 425-39.
117. Navarro, V (2002) ‘A critique of social capital’, International Journal of Health Services, vol 32, no 4, pp 629-56.
118. Norman, J. (2010) Big society:The anatomy of the new politics, Buckingham: University of Buckingham Press.
119. Nussbaum, M.C. (2000) Women and human development: The capabilities approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
120. O’Leary, T. (2011) Appreciating assets, Fife: International Association for Community Development.
121. O’Malley, J. (1977) The politics of community action, Nottingham: Spokesman Press.
122. Obama, B. (1988) Problems and promise in the inner city, Springfield, IL: Illinois Issues (http://illinoisissues.uis.edu/archives/2008/09/whyorg.html).
123. Obama, B. (1990) ‘Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city’, in P Knoefle (ed) After Alinsky: Community organizing in Illinois, Springfield, IL: Sagamon State University, pp 35-40.
124. ODI (Overseas Development Institute) (2010) Cambodia: Case study for the MDG Gap Task Force Report, London: ODI.
125. PACSW (Provincial Advisory Council on the Status ofWomen: Newfoundland and Labrador) (2012) ‘About us’, www.pacsw.ca/about-us/provincial-advisory-council-on-the-status-of-women/
126. Patel, S. and Mitlin, D. (2001) The work of SPARC, the National Slum Dwellers Federation and Mahila Milan, London: Human Settlements Programme, International Institute for Environment and Development.
127. Patel, S. and Mitlin, D. (2002) ‘Sharing experiences and changing lives’, Community Development, vol 37, no 2, pp 125-37.
128. Patel, S. and Mitlin, D. (2005) Re-interpreting the rights-based approach: A grassroots perspective on rights and development, Working Paper Series 22, Oxford: Global Poverty Research Group.
129. Patel, S. and Mitlin, D. (2011) Gender issues and slum/shack dweller federations, London: International Institute for Environment and Development (http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03089.pdf).
130. Peckham, I. (2003) ‘Freirean codifications: Changing walls into windows’, Pedagogy, vol 3, no 2, pp 227-44.
131. Phonphakdee, S., Visal, S. and Sauter, G. (2009) ‘The Urban Poor Development Fund in Cambodia: supporting local and citywide development’, Environment and Urbanization, 1 October, vol 21, pp 569-86.
132. Pitt, J. and Keane, M. (1984) Community organizing - You’ve never really tried it: The challenge to Britain from the USA, Birmingham: J&P Consultancy.
133. Purcell, R. (2005) Working in the community: Perspectives for change, Raleigh, NC: Lulu Press.
134. Purcell, R. (2009) ‘Images for change: Community development, community arts and photography’, Community Development Journal, vol 44, pp 111-22.
135. Purcell, R. (2011) ‘Community development and everyday life’, Community Development Journal, February, vol 47, no 2, pp 266-81.
136. Putnam, R.D. (2000) Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community, New York: Simon & Schuster.
137. Raff, C. and Sobrado, M. (2000) A future for the excluded: Job creation and income generation by the poor, Clodomir Santos de Morais and the Organization Workshop, London: Zed Books.
138. Reeler, D. (2005) Horizontal learning: Engaging freedom’s possibilities, Cape Town: Community Development Resource Association.
139. Reissman, F (1967) ‘The myth of Saul Alinsky’, Dissent, July-August. [Reprinted in J. Natoli and L. Hutcheon (eds) (1993) A postmodern reader, New York: State University of New York Press, pp 333-41.
140. Rodham, H. (1969) ‘There is only the fight:An analysis of the Alinksy model’Wellesley College thesis (www.under-dogma.com/HillaryClintonThesisSaulAlinsky.pdf).
141. Saavedra, M. (2010) ‘Engaged intellectuals: Comments on the crisis of the Latina/os public intellectual’, Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, vol 18, no 3, pp 811-23.
142. Schalock, R.L. (2000) ‘Three decades of quality of life’, Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, vol 15, no 2, p 116.
143. Skocpol, T. (2003) Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
144. SDI (Slum Dwellers International) (2008) The challenge of engagement: The South African process, SDI: Cape Town (www.sdinet.org/media/upload/countries/documents/the_challenge_of_engagement_the_south_african_process.pdf).
145. SDI (undated a) Making cities inclusive (www.sdinet.org/videos/72/).
146. SDI (undated b)A miracle rising out of the ashes: SDI partners in South Africa respond to the fire at Joe Slovo, Langa, Cape Town (www.sdinet.org/).
147. Sen, A.K. (1985) Commodities and capabilities, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
148. Sen, A.K. (2001) Development as freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
149. Sen, R. (2003) Stir it up:Lessons in community organizing and advocacy, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
150. Shekhar, K. (2000) Murder of the mills: A case study of Phoenix Mills, Mumbai: Girgangaon Bachao Andolan (Movement to Save the Mill District).
151. Silberman, C. (1968) Crisis in black and white, New York: Random House.
152. Singhal, A. (2001) Facilitating community participation through communication, New York: UNICEF.
153. Sivanandan, A. (1990) ‘All that melts into air is solid: the hokum of new times’, Race and Class, vol 31, no 3, pp 1-30.
154. Slayton, R. (1986) Back of the Yards: The making of a local democracy, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
155. Slum Dwellers International (undated) ‘What we do,’ www.sdinet.org/about-what-we-do/
156. Smith, M.K. (2000-09) ‘Social capital’, the encyclopedia of informal education, London: INFED (www.infed.org/biblio/social_capital.htm).
157. Smock, K. (2004) Democracy in action: Community organizing and urban change, New York: Columbia University Press.
158. Sokupa, M. and Adlard, G. (2010) Report on visit to Mumbai and Pune at the invitation of the Community Organisation Resource Centre, 14-21 April (www.sdmet.org/media/upload/countnes/documents/REPORT_ON_VISIT_TO_MUMBAI_FINAL1.pdf).
159. SPARC (The Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres) (2009) Annual Report 2008-2009 (www.sparcindia.org/files/Annual%20Report%20 SPARC_2009.pdf).
160. Speech to the House of Commons (1 March 1848) Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3rd series, vol 97, col 122.
161. Stoecker, R. and Stall, S. (1997) ‘Community organizing or organizing community? Gender and the crafts of empowerment’, Gender & Society, vol 12, pp 729-56.
162. Stokes, P and Knight, B. (1997a) ‘A citizen’s charter to save our cities’, The Independent, 1 January.
163. Stokes, P. and Knight, B. (1997b) Organizing a civil society, Birmingham: Foundation for Civil Society.
164. Strinati, D. (1995) An introduction to theories of popular culture, London and New York: Routledge.
165. Suet-Lin, S.H. and Kwok-Kin, F. (2010) ‘Organizing women for policy advocacy in Hong Kong: identities and perspectives of women organisers’, Community Development Journal, vol 45, no 4, pp 423-38.
166. Tattershall, A. (2010) Power in coalition: Strategies for strong unions and social change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
167. Tattersall, A. (2011) Canadian Union of Public Employees National Municipal Sector meeting, ‘Power of coalitions’, Keynote address, 16-18 February, Toronto: Sheraton Hotel.
168. Tea Party, The (2012) What is The Tea Party? (www.theteaparty.net/).
169. Tedmanson, D. (2005) ‘Whose capacity needs building? Open hearts and empty hands: reflections on capacity building in remote communities’, Paper presented at the Fourth International Critical Management Studies Conference, 4-6 July, University of Cambridge, UK.
170. Thenextright.com (2008) ‘Obama - ACORN: The root cause of the mortgage crisis’ (www.thenextright.com/ozarkguru/obama-acorn-root-causes-of-mortgage-crisis).
171. Townsend, A.M., DeMarie, S.M. and Hendrickson, A.R. (1998) ‘Virtual teams: Technology and the workplace of the future’, Academy of Management Executive, vol 12, no 3, pp 17-29.
172. Tully, J. (2005) A short history of Cambodia: From empire to survival, Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
173. Turner, J.F.C. (1976) Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments, London: Marion Boyars.
174. Twelvetrees, A. (1989) Organizingfor neighbourhood development: A comparative study of community development corporations and citizen action organizations, Avebury: Ashgate.
175. UK Citizens (2011) ‘Community organizing’ blog (http://communityorganizing. Tumblr.com/).
176. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012) World urbanization prospects: The 2011 revision, New York: United Nations.
177. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) Human development and human rights:Report on the Oslo Symposium, 2—3 October 1998, NewYork: UNDP.
178. UNDP (2006) Human development report, New York: UNDP.
179. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2009) Frequently asked questions:The UNDP approach to supporting capacity development, NewYork: UNDP.
180. UNPD (2012) Fast Facts: Millennium Development Goals, www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/fast-facts/english/FF-Millennium-Development-Goals.pdf
181. UNFPA (2008) State of world population 2007 (www.unfpa.org/swp/2007/presskit/pdf/sowp2007_eng.pdf accessed 16/02/12).
182. UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future, Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 - Development and International Co-operation: Environment.
183. UN (United Nations) Habitat (2008) State of the world’s cities 2008/09 - Harmonious cities, Nairobi: UN-Habitat (www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails. aspx?publicationID=2562).
184. UN Habitat (2009) Statistical annex, Part VI (www.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/GRHS2009/GRHS.2009.6.pdf).
185. UPDF (Urban Poor Development Fund) (2008) UPDF Newsletter, May 2008.
186. Valdes, F (2003) ‘Legal reform and social justice: An introduction to latcrit theory, praxis and community’, Griffith Law Review, vol 14, no 2, pp 147-73 (http://www.worldlii.org/au/journals/GriffLawRw/2005/13.html).
187. Valley, C. (2008) ‘Alinsky at 100’ Journal of Community Practice, December, vol 16 no 4, pp 527-32.
188. von Hoffman, N. (2010) Radical: A portrait ofSaul Alinsky, Philadelphia, PA: Nation Books.
189. Waddington, P (1983) ‘Looking ahead - Community work in the 1980s’, in D. Thomas (ed) Community work in the eighties, London: National Institute for Social Work, pp 66-81.
190. Wang, C.C., Morrel-Samuels, S., Hutchison PM., Bell, L. and Pestronk, R.M. (2004) ‘Flint Photovoice: Community building among youths, adults, and policymakers’, American Journal of Public Health, vol 94, no 6.
191. Watanabe, Y. (2008) Urban Poor Development Fund (http://web.mit.edu/sigus/www/NEW/LIHCourse/Cambodia/cambodia-presentations.pdf).
192. Weil, M. (1986) ‘Women, community, and organizing’, in N. van den Bergh and L.B. Cooper (eds) Feminist visions for social work, Silver Springs, MD: National Association of Social Workers, pp 187-210.
193. Wenger, E.C. and Snyder, WM. (2000) ‘Communities of practice: the organizational frontier’, Harvard Business Review, vol 78, no 1, January-February, pp 139-45.
194. Wenocur, S. and Reisch, M. (1989) From charity to enterprise: The development of American social work in a market economy, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
195. White, A. (2007) A global projection of subjective well-being: A challenge to positive psychology?, Leicester: University of Leicester.
196. Wilcox, D. (1995) The guide to effective participation, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
197. Williamson, V, Skocpol, T. and Coggin, J. (2011) ‘The Tea Party and the remaking of Republican conservatism’, Perspectives on Politics, vol 9, pp 25-43.
198. Willis, J. (2012) ‘The geography of community and political organisation in London today’, Political Geography, vol 31, issue 2, February, pp 114-26.
199. Wingeier, D.E. (1980) ‘Generative words in six cultures’, Religious Education, vol 75, no 5, pp 563-76.
200. Woolcock, M. (2001) ‘The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes’, Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, vol 2, no 1, pp 1-17.
201. World Bank, The (2000) World Bank Development Report 2000/01, New York: Oxford University Press.
202. World Bank, The (2010) World Bank Development Report 2010: development and climate change, Washington: World Bank.
203. Worth, O. (2002) ‘The Janus-like character of counter-hegemony: Progressive and nationalist responses to neoliberalism’, Global Society, vol 16, no 3, pp 297-315.
204. Xiaorong, L. (1999) ‘Asian values and the universality of human rights’, Business and Society Review, vol 102, no 1, pp 81-7.
205. Zangmo, T. (2008) Psychological Wellbeing Survey Report, The Centre for Bhutan Studies (www.grossnationalhappiness.com/surveyReports/).
206. ACORN International http://acorninternational.org/
207. Back of the Yards Neighbourhood Council http://bync.org/
208. Citizens UK www.citizensuk.org/
209. Community Healing Network http://communityhealingnet.com/
210. Dharavi project - ACORN Foundation India www.dharaviproject.org/Gamaliel www.gamaliel.org/
211. Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) www.industrialareasfoundation.org/
212. Local Initiatives Support Corporation www.lisc.org/
213. Slum Dwellers International www.sdinet.org/
214. SPARC www.sparcindia.org/
215. Sydney Alliance www.sydneyalliance.org.au/
216. The Woodlawn Organisation http://twochicago.org/
217. UN Millennium Goals www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
218. Urban Poor Development Fund www.achr.net/updf.htm