Explaining inequalities in women's mortality between U.S. States

SSM - Population Health

Volumn 2, Issue , 2016, Pages 561-571

  Montez, Jennifer Karas ^a   Zajacova, Anna ^b   Hayward, Mark D ^c  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender; Inequality; Mortality; Multilevel; Social determinants; U.S. states

Indexed keywords

EID: 84983035857     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23528273     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.07.004     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arcaya, M., Brewster, M., Zigler, C.M., Subramanian, S.V., Area variations in health: a spatial multilevel modeling approach. Health Place 18 (2012), 824–831.
2. Borrell, C., Paléncia, L., Muntaner, C., Urquía, M., Maimusi, D., et al. Influence of macrosocial policies on women's health and gender inequalities in health. Epidemiologic Reviews 36 (2014), 31–48.
3. Chetty, R., Stepner, M., Abraham, S., Lin, S., Scuderi, B., et al. The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014. JAMA 315 (2016), 1750–1766.
4. Denton, M., Walters, V., Gender differences in structural and behavioral determinants of health: an analysis of the social production of health. Social Science & Medicine 48 (1999), 1221–1235.
5. Diez Roux, A.V., The examination of neighborhood effects on health: Conceptual and methodological issues related to the presence of multiple levels of organization. Kawachi, I., Berkman, L.F., (eds.) Neighborhoods and health, 2003, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, 45–64.
6. Diez-Roux, A.V., Bringing context back into epidemiology: a variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis. American Journal of Public Health 88 (1998), 216–222.
7. Dunn, J.R., Burgess, B., Ross, N.A., Income distribution, public services expenditures, and all cause mortality in U.S. states. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 59 (2005), 768–774.
8. Ezzati, M., Friedman, A.B., Kulkarni, S.C., Murray, C.J.L., The reversal of fortunes: trends in county mortality and cross-county mortality disparities in the United States. PLoS Medicine 5 (2008), 0557–0568.
9. Fenelon, A., Geographic divergence in mortality in the United States. Population and Development Review 39 (2013), 611–634.
10. Geronimus, A.T., Bound, J., Ro, A., Residential mobility across local areas in the United States and the geographic distribution of the healthy population. Demography 51 (2014), 777–809.
11. Halliday, T.J., Kimmitt, M.C., Selective migration and health in the USA, 1984-93. Population Studies 62 (2008), 321–334.
12. Herian, M.N., Tay, L., Hamm, J.A., Diener, E., Social capital, ideology, and health in the United States. Social Science & Medicine 105 (2014), 30–37.
13. Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Lochner, K., Prothro-Stith, D., Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health 87 (1997), 1491–1498.
14. Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Gupta, V., Prothrow-Stith, D., Women's status and the health of women and men: a view from the states. Social Science & Medicine 48 (1999), 21–32.
15. Kennedy, B.P., Kawachi, I., Prothrow-Stith, D., Income distribution and mortality: Cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood Index in the United States. British Medical Journal 312 (1996), 1004–1007.
16. Kindig, D.A., Cheng, E.R., Even as mortality fell in most U.S. counties, female mortality nonetheless rose in 42.8 percent of counties from 1992 to 2006. Health Affairs 32 (2013), 451–458.
17. Link, B.G., Phelan, J.C., Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. J Health Soc Behav, 1995, 80–94 (extra issue).
18. Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Neighborhoods and health: an overview. Kawachi, I., Berkman, L.F., (eds.) Neighborhoods and health, 2003, Oxford University Press, New York.
19. Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Cummins, S., Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?. Social Science & Medicine 55 (2002), 125–139.
20. Montez, J.K., Berkman, L.F., Trends in the educational gradient of mortality: Bringing regional context into the explanation. American Journal of Public Health 104 (2014), e82–e90.
21. Montez, J.K., Zajacova, A., Explaining the widening education gap in mortality among U.S. White women. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54 (2013), 165–181.
22. Morgan, K.O.L., Morgan, S., (eds.) State rankings 2013. A statistical view of America, 2013, SAGE and CQ Press, Los Angeles.
23. Murray, C.J.L., Kulkarni, S.C., Michaud, C., Tomijima, N., Bulzacchelli, M.T., et al. Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across race, counties, and race-counties in the United States. PLoS Medicine, 3, 2006, e260.
24. Muthén L. K., & Muthén B. O. (2012). Mplus Version 7.0. 〈http://www.statmodel.com/-2012〉.
25. Navarro, V., Shi, L., The political context of social inequalities and health. Social Science & Medicine 52 (2001), 481–491.
26. Newman, K.S., O'Brien, R.L., Taxing the poor: Doing damage to the truly disadvantaged. 2011, University of California Press, Berkelely, Los Angeles, CA.
27. Osler, M., Christensen, U., Lund, R., Gamborg, M., Godtfredsen, N., et al. High local unemployment and increased mortality in Danish adults: Results from a prospective multilevel study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60, 2003, e16.
28. Patel, S.A., Narayan, K.M.V., Ali, M.K., Mehta, N.K., Interstate variation in modifiable risk factors and cadiovascular mortality in the United States. PLoS One, 9, 2014, e101531.
29. Pickett, K.E., Wilkinson, R.G., Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social Science & Medicine 128 (2015), 316–326.
30. Putnam R. D. (2000). Bowling alone. The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. Social Capital Index for U.S. States.
31. Ramírez de Arellano, A.B., Wolfe, S.M., Unsettling scores: A ranking of state Medicaid programs. 2007, Public Citizen Health Research Group, Washington DC.
32. Robert, S.A., Reither, E.N., A multilevel analysis of race, community disadvantage, and body mass index among adults in the US. Social Science & Medicine 59 (2004), 2421–2434.
33. Rogot E., Sorlie P. D., & Johnson N. J. (1992). A mortality study of 1.3 million persons by demographic, social and economic factors: 1979-1985 follow-up. Second data book. NIH Publication No 92-3297 ed. National Institutes of Health, PHS, DHHS.
34. Solar, O., Irwin, A., A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social determinants of health discussion paper 2 (policy and practice). 2010, World Health Organization, Geneva.
35. Stafford, M., Cummins, S., Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., Marmot, M., Gender differences in the association between health and neighborhood environment. Social Science & Medicine 60 (2005), 1681–1692.
36. Subramanian, S.V., Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Does the state you live in make a difference? Multilevel analysis of self-rated health in the US. Social Science & Medicine 53 (2001), 9–19.
37. Subramanian, S.V., Jones, K., Kaddour, A., Krieger, N., Revisting Robinson: the perils of individualistic and ecologic fallacy. International Journal of Epidemiology 38 (2009), 342–360.
38. Tencza, C., Stokes, A., Preston, S., Factors responsible for mortality variation in the United States: a latent variable analysis. Demographic Research 31 (2014), 27–70.
39. Wilkinson, R.G., Unhealthy societies: The afflictions of inequality. 1996, Routledge, London.
40. Wilmoth, J.R., Boe, C., Barbieri, M., Geographic differences in life expectancy at age 50 in the United States compared with other high-income countries. Crimmins, E.M., Preston, S.H., Cohen, B., (eds.) International differences in mortality at older ages: Dimensions and sources, 2011, The National Academies Press, Washington DC, 333–366.