Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2016, Pages S266-S282

  Chaput, Jean Philippe ^a   Gray, Casey E ^a   Poitras, Veronica J ^a   Carson, Valerie ^b   Gruber, Reut ^c   Olds, Timothy ^d   Weiss, Shelly K ^e   Connor Gorber, Sarah ^f,h   Kho, Michelle E ^g   Sampson, Margaret ^a   Belanger, Kevin ^a   Eryuzlu, Sheniz ^a   Callender, Laura ^a   Tremblay, Mark S ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF EASTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c DOUGLAS MENTAL HEALTH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^e HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^f PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^g MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^h CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Academic achievement; Adiposity; Body weight; Cognition; Emotional regulation; Injuries; Mental health; Quality of life; Sleep duration; Well being

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SLEEP; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; BIOMARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SLEEP; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84982952689     PISSN: 17155312     EISSN: 17155320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0627     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Akerstedt, T., and Nilsson, P.M. 2003.Sleep as restitution: an introduction. J. Intern. Med. 254(1): 6–12. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01195.x. PMID: 12823638.
2. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. 2014.Joint associations of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio with sleep duration among Saudi adolescents. Ann. Hum. Biol. 41(2): 111–117. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.833291.PMID:24098958.
3. Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Musaiger, A.O., Abahussain, N.A., Al-Sobayel, H.I., and Qahwaji, D.M. 2012.Prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among adolescents 15- to 19-year olds: a cross-sectional study from three major cities in Saudi Arabia. Ann. Thoracic Biol. 7(3): 133–139. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.98845.PMID:22924070.
4. Araujo, J., Severo, M., and Ramos, E. 2012.Sleep duration and adiposity during adolescence. Pediatrics, 130(5): e1146–e1154. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1116.PMID:23027175.
5. Arbabi, T., Vollmer, C., Dorfler, T., and Randler, C. 2015.The influence of chronotype and intelligence on academic achievement in primary school is mediated by conscientiousness, midpoint of sleep and motivation. Chronobiol. Int. 32(3): 349–357. doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.980508.PMID:25392281.
6. Archbold, K.H., Vasquez, M.M., Goodwin, J.L., and Quan, S.F. 2012. Effects of sleep patterns and obesity on increases in blood pressure in a 5-year period: report from the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study. J. Pediatr. 161(1): 26–30. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.034.PMID:22284918.
7. Arman, A.R., Ay, P., Fis, N.P., Ersu, R., Topuzoglu, A., Isik, U., and Berkem, M. 2011. Association of sleep duration with socio-economic status and behavioural problems among schoolchildren. Acta Paediatr. 100(3): 420–424. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02023.x. PMID:20860707.
8. Asarnow, L.D., McGlinchey, E., and Harvey, A.G. 2014. The effects of bedtime and sleep duration on academic and emotional outcomes in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. J. Adolescent Health, 54(3): 350–356. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.004.PMID:24225447.
9. Awad, K.M., Drescher, A.A., Malhotra, A., and Quan, S.F. 2013. Effects of exercise and nutritional intake on sleep architecture in adolescents. Sleep Breathing, 17(1): 117–124.PMID:22331514.
10. Barlett, N.D., Gentile, D.A., Barlett, C.P., Eisenmann, J.C., and Walsh, D.A. 2012. Sleep as a mediator of screen time effects on US children’s health outcomes: a prospective study. J. Child. Media, 6(1): 37–50. doi:10.1080/17482798.2011. 633404.
11. Barnes, J.C., and Meldrum, R.C. 2015. The impact of sleep duration on adolescent development: a genetically informed analysis of identical twin pairs. J. Youth Adolescence, 44(2): 489–506. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0137-4.PMID:24915970.
12. Baum, K.T., Desai, A., Field, J., Miller, L.E., Rausch, J., and Beebe, D.W. 2014. Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatr. 55(2): 180–190. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12125.
13. Bawazeer, N.M., Al-Daghri, N.M., Valsamakis, G., Al-Rubeaan, K.A., Sabico, S.L., Huang, T.T., et al. 2009. Sleep duration and quality associated with obesity among Arab children. Obesity, 17(12): 2251–2253. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.169.PMID:19498352.
14. Bel, S., Michels, N., De, Vriendt T., Patterson, E., Cuenca-Garcia, M., Diethelm, K., et al.; HELENA Study Group. 2013. Association between selfreported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. Br. J. Nutr. 110(5): 949–959. doi:10.1017/S0007114512006046.PMID:23506795.
15. Berentzen, N.E., Smit, H.A., Bekkers, M.B., Brunekreef, B., Koppelman, G.H., De Jongste, J.C., et al. 2014. Time in bed, sleep quality and associations with cardiometabolic markers in children: The prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy birth cohort study. J. Sleep Res. 23(1): 3–12. doi:10.1111/jsr.12087.PMID:24118590.
16. Biggs, S.N., Lushington, K., van den Heuvel, C.J., Martin, A., and Kennedy, J.D. 2011. Inconsistent sleep schedules and daytime behavioral difficulties in school-aged children. Sleep Med. 12(8): 780–786. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.017.PMID:21862401.
17. Bos, S.C., Gomes, A., Clemente, V., Marques, M., Pereira, A.T., Maia, B., et al. 2009. Sleep and behavioral/emotional problems in children: A populationbased study. Sleep Med. 10(1): 66–74. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.020.PMID: 18276186.
18. Boschloo, A., Krabbendam, L., Dekker, S., Lee, N., de Groot, G.R., and Jolles, J. 2013. Subjective sleepiness and sleep quality in adolescents are related to objective and subjective measures of school performance. Front. Psychol. 4: 38. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00038.PMID:23382727.
19. Butte, N.F., Puyau, M.R., Adolph, A.L., Vohra, F.A., and Zakeri, I. 2007. Physical activity in nonoverweight and overweight Hispanic children and adolescents. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39(8): 1257–1266.PMID:17762358.
20. Calamaro, C.J., Park, S., Mason, T.B., Marcus, C.L., Weaver, T.E., Pack, A., and Ratcliffe, S.J. 2010.Shortened sleep duration does not predict obesity in adolescents. J. Sleep Res. 19(4): 559–566. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00840.x. PMID:20545836.
21. Chang, Y., and Gable, S. 2013. Predicting weight status stability and change from fifth grade to eighth grade: the significant role of adolescents’ socialemotional well-being. J. Adolescent Health, 52(4): 448–455. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.005.PMID:23298991.
22. Chaput, J.P., Lambert, M., Gray-Donald, K., McGrath, J.J., Tremblay, M.S., O’Loughlin, J., and Tremblay, A. 2011. Short sleep duration is independently associated with overweight and obesity in Quebec children. Can. J. Publ. Health, 102(5): 369–374.PMID:22032104.
23. Chaput, J.P., Leduc, G., Boyer, C., Belanger, P., LeBlanc, A.G., Borghese, M.M., and Tremblay, M.S. 2014. Objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and sleep duration: independent and combined associations with adiposity in Canadian children. Nutr. Diabetes, 4: e117.PMID:24911633.
24. Chen, M.Y., Wang, E.K., and Jeng, Y.J. 2006. Adequate sleep among adolescents is positively associated with health status and health-related behaviors. BMC Publ. Health, 6(59): 1471–2458.PMID:16524482.
25. Colley, R.C., Wong, S.L., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Connor Gorber, S., and Tremblay, M.S. 2012. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Canadian children: parent-report versus direct measures and relative associations with health risk. Health Rep. 23(2): 45–52.PMID:22866540.
26. Culnan, E., Holliday, S.B., Daly, B.P., Aggarwal, R., and Kloss, J.D. 2013. Insufficient sleep and weight status in high school students: Should we be focusing on the extremes? Child. Health Care, 42(2): 99–115. doi:10.1080/02739615.2013.786551.
27. Dagys, N., McGlinchey, E.L., Talbot, L.S., Kaplan, K.A., Dahl, R.E., and Harvey, A.G. 2012. Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect. J. Child Psychol. Psych. 53(6): 660–667. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02502.x. PMID:22188424.
28. Danielsen, Y.S., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K.M., Nordhus, I.H., and Bjorvatn, B. 2010.The relationship between school day sleep duration and body mass index in Norwegian children (aged 10–12). International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5(3): 214–220. doi:10.3109/17477160903473739.PMID:20233160.
29. de Jong, E., Stocks, T., Visscher, T.L.S., Hirasing, R.A., Seidell, J.C., and Renders, C.M. 2012. Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting. Int. J. Obes. 36(10): 1278–1284. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.119.PMID:22825658.
30. de Souza, C.M., and Hidalgo, M.P.L. 2014. Midpoint of sleep on school days is associated with depression among adolescents. Chronobiol. Int. 31(2): 199–205. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.838575.PMID:24156519.
31. Dewald, J.F., Short, M.A., Gradisar, M., Oort, F.J., and Meijer, A.M. 2012. The Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire (CSRQ): a cross-cultural comparison and validation in Dutch and Australian adolescents. J. Sleep Res. 21(5): 584–594. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.00999.x. PMID:22329363.
32. Dewald-Kaufmann, J.F., Oort, F.J., Bogels, S., and Meijer, M. 2013. Why sleep matters: differences in daytime functioning between adolescents with low and high chronic sleep reduction and short and long sleep durations. J. Cogn. Behav. Psychother. 13(1a): 171–182.
33. Do, Y.K., Shin, E., Bautista, M.A., and Foo, K. 2013. The associations between self-reported sleep duration and adolescent health outcomes: what is the role of time spent on Internet use? Sleep Med. 14(2): 195–200. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.004.PMID:23068781.
34. Eide, E.R., and Showalter, M.H. 2012. Sleep and student achievement. East. Econ. J. 38: 512–524. doi:10.1057/eej.2011.33.
35. Eisenmann, J.C., Ekkekakis, P., and Holmes, M. 2006. Sleep duration and overweight among Australian children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 95(8): 956–963. doi:10.1080/08035250600731965.PMID:16882569.
36. Ekstedt, M., Nyberg, G., Ingre, M., Ekblom, O., and Marcus, C. 2013. Sleep, physical activity and BMI in six to ten-year-old children measured by accelerometry: a cross-sectional study. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ. 10: 82. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-82.PMID:23800204.
37. Fitzgerald, C.T., Messias, E., and Buysse, D.J. 2011. Teen sleep and suicidality: results from the youth risk behavior surveys of 2007 and 2009. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 7(4): 351–356.PMID:21897771.
38. Fredriksen, K., Rhodes, J., Reddy, R., and Way, N. 2004. Sleepless in Chicago: tracking the effects of adolescent sleep loss during the middle school years. Child Dev. 75(1): 84–95. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00655.x. PMID:15015676.
39. Gangwisch, J.E., Babiss, L.A., Malaspina, D., Turner, J., Zammit, G., and Posner, K. 2010.Earlier parental set bedtimes as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation. Sleep, 33(1): 97–106.PMID:20120626.
40. Garaulet, M., Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Rey-Lopez, J.P., Beghin, L., Manios, Y., et al. 2011. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int. J. Obes. 35(10): 1308–1317. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.149.PMID: 21792170.
41. Girschik, J., Fritschi, L., Heyworth, J., and Waters, F. 2012. Validation of selfreported sleep against actigraphy. J. Epidemiol. 22(5): 462–468. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20120012.PMID:22850546.
42. Gruber, R., Carrey, N., Weiss, S.K., Frappier, J.Y., Rourke, L., Brouillette, R.T., and Wise, M.S. 2014. Position statement on pediatric sleep for psychiatrists. J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 23(3): 174–195.PMID:25320611.
43. Guo, X., Zheng, L., Li, Y., Yu, S., Sun, G., Yang, H., et al. 2012. Differences in lifestyle behaviors, dietary habits, and familial factors among normalweight, overweight, and obese Chinese children and adolescents. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activ. 9: 120. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-120.PMID:23031205.
44. Gupta, N.K., Mueller, W.H., Chan, W., and Meininger, J.C. 2002. Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14(6): 762–768. doi:10.1002/ajhb.10093.PMID:12400037.
45. Guyatt, G.H., Oxman, A.D., Vist, G., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Alonso-Coello, P., et al. 2011. GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence - study limitations (risk of bias). J. Clin. Epidemiol. 64(4): 407–415.PMID:21247734.
46. Hancox, R.J., and Landhuis, C.E. 2012. Association between sleep duration and haemoglobin A1c in young adults. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 66(10): 957–961. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200217.PMID:22068028.
47. Hart, C.N., Carskadon, M.A., Considine, R.V., Fava, J.L., Lawton, J., Raynor, H.A., Jelalian, E., Owens, J., and Wing, R. 2013. Changes in children’s sleep duration on food intake, weight, and leptin. Pediatrics, 132(6): e1473–e1480. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1274.PMID:24190680.
48. Hense, S., Pohlabeln, H., De Henauw, S., Eiben, G., Molnar, D., Moreno, L.A., et al. 2011. Sleep duration and overweight in European children: Is the association modified by geographic region? Sleep, 34(7): 885–890. doi:10.5665/sleep.1120.PMID:21731138.
49. Higgins, J., and Green, S. 2011. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. [Accessed 23 October 2015.]
50. Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S.M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., et al. 2015. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010.
51. Hiscock, H., Scalzo, K., Canterford, L., and Wake, M. 2011. Sleep duration and body mass index in 0-7-year olds. Arch. Dis. Child. 96(8): 735–739. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.204925.PMID:21622998.
52. Hitze, B., Bosy-Westphal, A., Bielfeldt, F., Settler, U., Plachta-Danielzik, S., Pfeuffer, M., et al. 2009. Determinants and impact of sleep duration in children and adolescents: data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 63(6): 739–746. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2008.41.PMID:18665183.
53. Hjorth, M.F., Chaput, J.P., Damsgaard, C.T., Dalskov, S.M., Andersen, R., Astrup, A., et al. 2014a. Low physical activity level and short sleep duration are associated with an increased cardio-metabolic risk profile: a longitudinal study in 8-11 year old Danish children. PLoS ONE, 9(8): e104677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104677.PMID:25102157.
54. Hjorth, M.F., Chaput, J.P., Ritz, C., Dalskov, S.M., Andersen, R., Astrup, A., et al. 2014b. Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children. Int. J. Obes. 38(7): 959–965. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.229.PMID:24304596.
55. Huang, Y.S., Wang, C.H., and Guilleminault, C. 2010.An epidemiologic study of sleep problems among adolescents in North Taiwan. Sleep Med. 11(10): 1035–1042. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.009.PMID:20724214.
56. Ievers-Landis, C.E., Storfer-Isser, A., Rosen, C., Johnson, N.L., and Redline, S. 2008. Relationship of sleep parameters, child psychological functioning, and parenting stress to obesity status among preadolescent children. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 29(4): 243–252. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e31816d923d. PMID:18552704.
57. Javaheri, S., Storfer-Isser, A., Rosen, C.L., and Redline, S. 2011. Association of short and long sleep durations with insulin sensitivity in adolescents. J. Pediatr. 158(4): 617–623. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.09.080.PMID:21146189.
58. Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Brand, S., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., and Grob, A. 2014. Sleep duration and subjective psychological well-being in adolescence: a longitudinal study in Switzerland and Norway. Neuropsych. Dis. Treat. 10: 1199–1207.PMID:25061305.
59. Kang, S.G., Lee, Y.J., Kim, S.J., Lim, W., Lee, H.J., Park, Y.M., et al. 2014. Weekend catch-up sleep is independently associated with suicide attempts and selfinjury in Korean adolescents. Compr. Psych. 55(2): 319–325. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.023.PMID:24267542.
60. Katzmarzyk, P.T., Barreira, T.V., Broyles, S.T., Champagne, C.M., Chaput, J.P., Fogelholm, M., et al. 2015. Relationships between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in children ages 9-11: Results from a 12-country study. Obesity, 23(8): 1696–1702. doi:10.1002/oby.21152.PMID:26173093.
61. Keyes, K.M., Maslowsky, J., Hamilton, A., and Schulenberg, J. 2015. The Great Sleep Recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991–2012. Pediatrics, 135(3): 460–468. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2707.PMID:25687142.
62. Kim, S.J., Lee, Y.J., Cho, S.J., Cho, I.H., Lim, W., and Lim, W. 2011. Relationship between weekend catch-up sleep and poor performance on attention tasks in Korean adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 165(9): 806–812. oi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.128.PMID:21893646.
63. Knutson, K.L. 2005. Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. J. Pediatr. 147(6): 830–834. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.07.019.PMID:16356441.
64. Knutson, K.L., and Lauderdale, D.S. 2007. Sleep duration and overweight in adolescents: self-reported sleep hours versus time diaries. Pediatrics, 119(5): e1056–e1062. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2597.PMID:17473079.
65. Knutson, K.L., and Turek, F.W. 2006. The U-shaped association between sleep and health: the 2 peaks do not mean the same thing. Sleep, 29(7): 878–879.PMID:16895253.
66. Kong, A.P., Wing, Y.K., Choi, K.C., Li, A.M., Ko, G.T., Ma, R.C., et al. 2011. Associations of sleep duration with obesity and serum lipid profile in children and adolescents. Sleep Med. 12(7): 659–665. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.015.PMID: 21689984.
67. Kubiszewski, V., Fontaine, R., Potard, C., and Gimenes, G. 2014. Bullying, sleep/wake patterns and subjective sleep disorders: findings from a cross-sectional survey. Chronobiol. Int. 31(4): 542–553. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.877475.PMID:24417522.
68. Kuciene, R., and Dulskiene, V. 2014. Associations of short sleep duration with prehypertension and hypertension among Lithuanian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMCPubl. Health, 14: 255. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-255.PMID:24628980.
69. Lam, L.T., and Yang, L. 2007. Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among adolescents in China. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166(9): 1053–1058. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm175.PMID:17698504.
70. Lam, L.T., and Yang, L. 2008. Duration of sleep and ADHD tendency among adolescents in China. J. Attention Dis. 11(4): 437–444. doi:10.1177/1087054707299403.PMID:18083960.
71. Lee, J.A., and Park, H.S. 2014. Relation between sleep duration, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 24(1): 65–71.PMID:24188647.
72. Lee, Y.J., Cho, S.J., Cho, I.H., and Kim, S.J. 2012. Insufficient sleep and suicidality in adolescents. Sleep, 35(4): 455–460.PMID:22467982.
73. Lehto, J.E., and Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L. 2014. Sleep-related factors: associations with poor attention and depressive symptoms. Child Care Health Dev. 40(3): 419–425.PMID:23594033.
74. Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J.F., and Grob, A. 2015. Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. J. Youth Adolescence, 44(2): 405–418. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x. PMID:25204836.
75. Li, Y., Jin, H., Owens, J.A., and Hu, C. 2008. The association between sleep and injury among school-aged children in rural China: a case-control study. Sleep Med. 9(2): 142–148. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.01.018.PMID:17658297.
76. Lin, J.D., Tung, H.J., Hsieh, Y.H., and Lin, F.G. 2011. Interactive effects of delayed bedtime and family-associated factors on depression in elementary school children. Res. Dev. Disabil. 32(6): 2036–2044. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.08.011.PMID:21985986.
77. Lin, W.H., and Yi, C.C. 2015. Unhealthy sleep practices, conduct problems, and daytime functioning during adolescence. J. Youth Adolescence, 44(2): 431–446. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0169-9.PMID:25148793.
78. Liou, Y.M., Liou, T.H., and Chang, L.C. 2010.Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. J. Adv. Nursing, 66(6): 1246–1256. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05293.x. PMID:20546358.
79. Liu, X. 2004. Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep, 27(7): 1351–1358.PMID:15586788.
80. Liu, X., and Zhou, H. 2002. Sleep duration, insomnia and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents. Psych. Res. 111(1): 75–85. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00131-2.PMID:12140122.
81. Lowry, R., Eaton, D.K., Foti, K., McKnight-Eily, L., Perry, G., and Galuska, D.A. 2012. Association of sleep duration with obesity among US high school students. J. Obes. 2012: 476914.PMID:22530111.
82. Lumeng, J.C., Somashekar, D., Appugliese, D., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R.F., and Bradley, R.H. 2007. Shorter sleep duration is associated with increased risk for being overweight at ages 9 to 12 years. Pediatrics, 120(5): 1020–1029. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3295.PMID:17974739.
83. Lytle, L.A., Murray, D.M., Laska, M.N., Pasch, K.E., Anderson, S.E., and Farbakhsh, K. 2013. Examining the longitudinal relationship between change in sleep and obesity risk in adolescents. Health Educ. Behav. 40(3): 362–370. doi:10.1177/1090198112451446.PMID:22984211.
84. Magee, C.A., Caputi, P., and Iverson, D.C. 2013a. Patterns of health behaviours predict obesity in Australian children. J. Paediatr. Child Health, 49(4): 291–296.PMID:23574555.
85. Magee, C.A., Caputi, P., and Iverson, D.C. 2013b. The longitudinal relationship between sleep duration and body mass index in children: a growth mixture modeling approach. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 34(3): 165–173. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e318289aa51.PMID:23572167.
86. Martinez, S.M., Greenspan, L.C., Butte, N.F., Gregorich, S.E., De Groat, C.L., Deardorff, J., et al. 2014. Mother-reported sleep, accelerometer-estimated sleep and weight status in Mexican American children: sleep duration is associated with increased adiposity and risk for overweight/obese status. J. Sleep Res. 23(3): 326–334.PMID:24329818.
87. Martinez-Gomez, D., Moreno, L.A., Romeo, J., Rey-Lopez, P., Castillo, R., Cabero, M.J., et al. 2011. Combined influence of lifestyle risk factors on body fat in Spanish adolescents - the Avena study. Obes. Facts, 4(2): 105–111.PMID: 21577017.
88. Matricciani, L., Olds, T., and Petkov, J. 2012a. In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents. Sleep Med. Rev. 16(3): 203–211. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.005.PMID:21612957.
89. Matricciani, L., Olds, T.S., Blunden, S., Rigney, G., and Williams, M.T. 2012b. Never enough sleep: a brief history of sleep recommendations for children. Pediatrics, 129(3): 548–556. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2039.PMID:22331340.
90. Matricciani, L., Blunden, S., Rigney, G., Williams, M.T., and Olds, T.S. 2013. Children’s sleep needs: is there sufficient evidence to recommend optimal sleep for children? Sleep, 36(4): 527–534.PMID:23564999.
91. McClure, D.J., Zuckerman, S.L., Kutscher, S.J., Gregory, A.J., and Solomon, G.S. 2014. Baseline neurocognitive testing in sports-related concussions: the importance of a prior night’s sleep. Am. J. Sports Med. 42(2): 472–478. doi:10.1177/0363546513510389.PMID:24256713.
92. McHale, S.M., Kim, J.Y., Kan, M., and Updegraff, K.A. 2011. Sleep in Mexican- American adolescents: social ecological and well-being correlates. J. Youth Adolescence, 40(6): 666–679. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9574-x. PMID:20668925.
93. McKnight-Eily, L.R., Eaton, D.K., Lowry, R., Croft, J.B., Presley-Cantrell, L., and Perry, G.S. 2011. Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in US adolescent students. Prev. Med. 53(4–5): 271–273. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.020.PMID:21843548.
94. Meijer, A.M., Reitz, E., Dekovic, M., van den Wittenboer, G.L.H., and Stoel, R.D. 2010.Longitudinal relations between sleep quality time in bed and adolescent problem behaviour. J. Child Psychol. Psych. 51(11): 1278–1286. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02261.x. PMID:20456533.
95. Meininger, J.C., Gallagher, M.R., Eissa, M.A., Nguyen, T.Q., and Chan, W. 2014. Sleep duration and its association with ambulatory blood pressure in a school-based, diverse sample of adolescents. Am. J. Hypertens. 27(7): 948–955. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpt297.PMID:24487981.
96. Meldrum, R.C., and Restivo, E. 2014. The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among U.S. high school students: relative deprivation matters. Prevent. Med. 63: 24–28. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.006.
97. Meltzer, L.J., Montgomery-Downs, H.E., Insana, S.P., and Walsh, C.M. 2012. Use of actigraphy for assessment in pediatric sleep research. Sleep Med. Rev. 16(5): 463–475. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.10.002.PMID:22424706.
98. Michels, N., Clays, E., De Buyzere, M., Vanaelst, B., De Henauw, S., and Sioen, I. 2013. Children’s sleep and autonomic function: low sleep quality has an impact on heart rate variability. Sleep, 36(12): 1939–1946.PMID:24293769.
99. Mitchell, J.A., Rodriguez, D., Schmitz, K.H., and Audrain-McGovern, J. 2013. Sleep duration and adolescent obesity. Pediatrics, 131(5): e1428–e1434. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2368.PMID:23569090.
100. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., and Altman, D.G. 2009. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 151(4): 264–269. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135.PMID:19622511.
101. Morley, B.C., Scully, M.L., Niven, P.H., Okely, A.D., Baur, L.A., Pratt, I.S., Wakefield, M.A., and NaSSDA Study Team. 2012. What factors are associated with excess body weight in Australian secondary school students? Med. J. Aust. 196(3): 189–192. doi:10.5694/mja11.11184.PMID:22339525.
102. Narang, I., Manlhiot, C., Davies-Shaw, J., Gibson, D., Chahal, N., Stearne, K., et al. 2012. Sleep disturbance and cardiovascular risk in adolescents. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 184(17): E913–E920. doi:10.1503/cmaj.111589.PMID:23027917.
103. Nixon, G.M., Thompson, J.M., Han, D.Y., Becroft, D.M., Clark, P.M., Robinson, E., et al. 2008. Short sleep duration in middle childhood: risk factors and consequences. Sleep, 31(1): 71–78.PMID:18220080.
104. O’Dea, J.A., and Mugridge, A.C. 2012. Nutritional quality of breakfast and physical activity independently predict the literacy and numeracy scores of children after adjusting for socioeconomic status. Health Educ. Res. 27(6): 975–985. doi:10.1093/her/cys069.PMID:22798563.
105. Ohayon, M.M. 2012. Determining the level of sleepiness in the American population and its correlates. J. Psych. Res. 46(4): 422–427. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.008.PMID:22297274.
106. Ortega, F., Ruiz, J., Castillo, R., Chillon, P., Labayen, I., Martinez-Gomez, D., et al. 2010.Sleep duration and cognitive performance in adolescence. The AVENA study. Acta Paediatr. 99(3): 454–456. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01618.x.PMID:19958297.
107. Owens, J.; Adolescent Sleep Working Group; Committee on Adolescence. 2014. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3): e921–e932. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696.PMID:25157012.
108. Ozturk, A., Mazicioglu, M., Poyrazoglu, S., Cicek, B., Gunay, O., and Kurtoglu, S. 2009. The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 98(4): 699–702. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01169.x. PMID:19183420.
109. Paciencia, I., Barros, H., Araujo, J., and Ramos, E. 2013. Association between sleep duration and blood pressure in adolescents. Hypertens. Res. 36(8): 747–752. doi:10.1038/hr.2013.36.PMID:23595048.
110. Padez, C., Mourao, I., Moreira, P., and Rosado, V. 2009. Long sleep duration and childhood overweight/obesity and body fat. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21: 371–376. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20884.PMID:19189418.
111. Pallesen, S., Saxvig, I.W., Molde, H., Sorensen, E., Wilhelmsen-Langeland, A., and Bjorvatn, B. 2011. Brief report: behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome in older adolescents: prevalence and correlates. J. Adolescence, 34(2): 391–395. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.005.PMID:20303581.
112. Park, J.H., Yoo, J.H., and Kim, S.H. 2013. Associations between non-restorative sleep, short sleep duration and suicidality: findings from a representative sample of Korean adolescents. Psych. Clin. Neurosci. 67(1): 28–34. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02394.x. PMID:23279748.
113. Park, S. 2011. Association between short sleep duration and obesity among South Korean adolescents. West. J. Nursing Res. 33(2): 207–223. doi:10.1177/0193945910371317.PMID:20736380.
114. Park, S. 2013. The association between short sleep duration and body mass index among South Korean children and adolescents. J. School Nursing, 29(2): 142–150. doi:10.1177/1059840512450582.PMID:22733831.
115. Pasch, K.E., Latimer, L.A., Cance, J.D., Moe, S.G., and Lytle, L.A. 2012. Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use. J. Youth Adolescence, 41(9): 1184–1196. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9784-5.PMID:22752878.
116. Peach, H., Gaultney, J.F., and Reeve, C.L. 2015. Sleep characteristics, body mass index, and risk for hypertension in young adolescents. J. Youth Adolescence, 44(2): 271–284. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0149-0.PMID:25001215.
117. Perez de Heredia, F., Garaulet, M., Gomez-Martinez, S., Diaz, L.E., Warnberg, J., Androutsos, O., et al.; HELENA Study Group. 2014. Self-reported sleep duration, white blood cell counts and cytokine profiles in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Sleep Med. 15(10): 1251–1258. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.010.PMID:25156749.
118. Perfect, M.M., Levine-Donnerstein, D., Archbold, K., Goodwin, J.L., and Quan, S.F. 2014. The contribution of sleep problems to academic and psychosocial functioning. Psychol. Schools, 51(3): 273–295. doi:10.1002/pits.21746.
119. Perkinson-Gloor, N., Lemola, S., and Grob, A. 2013. Sleep duration, positive attitude toward life, and academic achievement: the role of daytime tiredness, behavioral persistence, and school start times. J. Adolescence, 36(2): 311–318. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.11.008.PMID:23317775.
120. Quevedo-Blasco, V.J., and Quevedo-Blasco, R. 2011. Influence of drowsiness, quantity and quality of sleep in relation with academic performance in teenagers. Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol. 11(1): 49–65.
121. Rafii, F., Oskouie, F., and Shoghi, M. 2013. The association between sleep and injury among school-aged children in Iran. Sleep Disorders, 2013: 891090.PMID:24163774.
122. Rey-Lopez, J.P., de Carvalho, H.B., de Moraes, A.C., Ruiz, J.R., Sjostrom, M., Marcos, A., et al.; HELENA study. 2014. Sleep time and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Sleep Med. 15(1): 104–110.doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.07.021.PMID:24269131.
123. Roberts, R.E., and Duong, H.T. 2014. The prospective association between sleep deprivation and depression among adolescents. Sleep, 37(2): 239–244.PMID: 24497652.
124. Roberts, R.E., Roberts, C.R., and Duong, H.T. 2009. Sleepless in adolescence: prospective data on sleep deprivation, health and functioning. J. Adolescence, 32(5): 1045–1057. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.03.007.PMID:19361854.
125. Rodriguez-Colon, S.M., He, F., Bixler, E.O., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Vgontzas, A.N., Calhoun, S., et al. 2015. Sleep variability and cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents - Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) study. Sleep Med. 16(1): 67–72. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.007.PMID:25555635.
126. Sadeh, A. 2011. The role and validity of actigraphy in sleep medicine: an update. Sleep Med. Rev. 15(4): 259–267. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.10.001.PMID:21237680.
127. Sarchiapone, M., Mandelli, L., Carli, V., Iosue, M., Wasserman, C., Hadlaczky, G., et al. 2014. Hours of sleep in adolescents and its association with anxiety, emotional concerns, and suicidal ideation. Sleep Med. 15(2): 248–254. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.780.PMID:24424101.
128. Schardt, C., Adams, M.B., Owens, T., Keitz, S., and Fontelo, P. 2007. Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions. BMC Med. Inform. Decision Making, 7: 16. doi:10.1186/1472-6947-7-16.PMID: 17573961.
129. Scharf, R.J., and DeBoer, M.D. 2015. Sleep timing and longitudinal weight gain in 4- and 5-year-old children. Pediatric Obes. 10(2): 141–148. doi:10.1111/ijpo.229.PMID:24919802.
130. Sekine, M., Yamagami, T., Handa, K., Saito, T., Nanri, S., Kawaminami, K., et al. 2001. A dose-response relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood obesity: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Child Care Health Dev. 28(2): 163–170.
131. Shan, X.Y., Xi, B., Cheng, H., Hou, D.Q., Wang, Y., and Mi, J. 2010.Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-18 in Beijing, China. Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. 5(5): 383–389. oi:10.3109/17477160903572001.PMID:20233154.
132. Short, M.A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L.C., and Wright, H.R. 2013a. The impact of sleep on adolescent depressed mood, alertness and academic performance. J. Adolescence, 36(6): 1025–1033. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.007.PMID:24215949.
133. Short, M.A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L.C., Wright, H.R., and Dohnt, H. 2013b. The sleep patterns and well-being of Australian adolescents. J. Adolescence, 36(1): 103–110.doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.09.008.PMID:23088812.
134. Silva, G.E., Goodwin, J.L., Parthasarathy, S., Sherrill, D.L., Vana, K.D., Drescher, A.A., and Quan, S.F. 2011. Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep, 34(9): 1197–1205.PMID:21886357.
135. Sivertsen, B., Pallesen, S., Sand, L., and Hysing, M. 2014a. Sleep and body mass index in adolescence: results from a large population-based study of Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years. BMC Pediatrics, 14: 204. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-204.PMID:25128481.
136. Sivertsen, B., Harvey, A.G., Lundervold, A.J., and Hysing, M. 2014b. Sleep problems and depression in adolescence: results from a large population-based study of Norwegian adolescents aged 16-18 years. Eur. Child Adolescent Psych. 23(8): 681–689.PMID:24292341.
137. Stea, T.H., Knutsen, T., and Torstveit, M.K. 2014. Association between short time in bed, health-risk behaviors and poor academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents. Sleep Med. 15(6): 666–671. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.01.019.PMID:24767727.
138. Stroebele, N., McNally, J., Plog, A., Siegfried, S., and Hill, J.O. 2013. The association of self-reported sleep, weight status, and academic performance in fifthgrade students. J. School Health, 83(2): 77–84. doi:10.1111/josh.12001.PMID: 23331266.
139. Suglia, S.F., Duarte, C.S., Chambers, E.C., and Boynton-Jarrett, R. 2013. Social and behavioral risk factors for obesity in early childhood. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 34(8): 549–556. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182a509c0.PMID:24131877.
140. Suglia, S.F., Kara, S., and Robinson, W.R. 2014. Sleep duration and obesity among adolescents transitioning to adulthood: do results differ by sex? J. Pediatrics, 165(4): 750–754. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.052.PMID:25066064.
141. Suzuki, H., Kaneita, Y., Osaki, Y., Minowa, M., Kanda, H., Suzuki, K., et al. 2011. Clarification of the factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among Japanese adolescents and associated sleep status. Psych. Res. 188(1): 138–146. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.025.PMID:21145596.
142. Tamura, N., and Tanaka, H. 2014. Effects of sleep education with self-help treatment for elementary schoolchild with nocturnal lifestyle and irritability. Sleep Biol. Rhythms, 12(3): 169–179. doi:10.1111/sbr.12055.
143. Titova, O.E., Hogenkamp, P.S., Jacobsson, J.A., Feldman, I., Schioth, H.B., and Benedict, C. 2015. Associations of self-reported sleep disturbance and duration with academic failure in community-dwelling Swedish adolescents: sleep and academic performance at school. Sleep Med. 16(1): 87–93. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.09.004.PMID:25441744.
144. Unalan, D., Ozturk, A., Ismailogullari, S., Akgul, N., and Aksu, M. 2013. The effect of sleep duration and quality on academic success of the elementary school children in Kayseri Turkey. J. Pakistan Med. Assoc. 63(5): 576–580.PMID: 23757983.
145. Vaezghasemi, M., Lindkvist, M., Ivarsson, A., and Eurenius, E. 2012. Overweight and lifestyle among 13-15 year olds: a cross-sectional study in northern Sweden. Scand. J. Public Health, 40(3): 221–228. doi:10.1177/1403494812443603.PMID:22637360.
146. van der Heijden, K.B., de Sonneville, L.M., and Swaab, H. 2013. Association of eveningness with problem behavior in children: a mediating role of impaired sleep. Chronobiol. Int. 30(7): 919–929. doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.790041.PMID:23802509.
147. van der Vinne, V., Zerbini, G., Siersema, A., Pieper, A., Merrow, M., Hut, R.A., et al. 2015. Timing of examinations affects school performance differently in early and late chronotypes. J. Biol. Rhythms, 30(1): 53–60. doi:10.1177/0748730414564786.PMID:25537752.
148. von Kries, R., Toschke, A.M., Wurmser, H., Sauerwald, T., and Koletzko, B. 2002. Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep - a cross-sectional study. Int. J. Obes. 26: 710–716. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801980.PMID:12032757.
149. Vriend, J.L., Davidson, F.D., Corkum, P.V., Rusak, B., Chambers, C.T., and McLaughlin, E.N. 2013. Manipulating sleep duration alters emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children. J. Pediatric Psychol. 38(10): 1058–1069. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jst033.PMID:23720415.
150. Waldie, K.E., Thompson, J.M., Mia, Y., Murphy, R., Wall, C., and Mitchell, E.A. 2014. Risk factors for migraine and tension-type headache in 11 year old children. J. Headache Pain, 15: 60. doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-60.PMID:25205384.
151. Wang, G., Xu, G., Liu, Z., Lu, N., Ma, R., and Zhang, E. 2013. Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances among Chinese school-aged children: prevalence and associated factors. Sleep Med. 14(1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.022.PMID:23218539.
152. Wells, J. 2008. Sleep patterns and television viewing in relation to obesity and blood pressure: evidence from an adolescent Brazilian birth cohort. Int. J. Obes. 32(7): 1042–1049. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.37.PMID:18347603.
153. Wing, Y.K., Li, S.X., Li, A.M., Zhang, J., and Kong, A.P. 2009. The effect of weekend and holiday sleep compensation on childhood overweight and obesity. Pediatrics, 124(5): e994–e1000. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3602.PMID:19858153.
154. Winsler, A., Deutsch, A., Vorona, R.D., Payne, P.A., and Szklo-Coxe, M. 2015. Sleepless in Fairfax: the difference one more hour of sleep can make for teen hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and substance use. J. Youth Adolescence, 44(2): 362–378. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0170-3.PMID:25178930.
155. Wolfson, A.R., and Carskadon, M.A. 1998. Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Dev. 69(4): 875–887.PMID:9768476.
156. Wong, W.W., Ortiz, C.L., Lathan, D., Moore, L.A., Konzelmann, K.L., Adolph, A.L., et al. 2013. Sleep duration of underserved minority children in a crosssectional study. BMC Public Health, 13: 648. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-648.PMID:23849231.
157. Yen, C.F., King, B.H., and Tang, T.C. 2010.The association between short and long nocturnal sleep durations and risky behaviours and the moderating factors in Taiwanese adolescents. Psychiatry Res. 179(1): 69–74. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.016.PMID:20472300.