Fetal Physiology and the Transition to Extrauterine Life

Clinics in Perinatology

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 395-407

  Morton, Sarah U ^a   Brodsky, Dara ^b  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Fetal physiology; Intrauterine circulation; Transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life; Transition physiology

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN; HYDROCORTISONE;

BLOOD OXYGENATION; BREATHING PATTERN; ENDOCRINE DEVELOPMENT; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; FETAL PHYSIOLOGY; FETUS CIRCULATION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HEART FUNCTION; HEART OUTPUT; HEART RATE; HEMATOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG BLOOD FLOW; LUNG BLOOD VESSEL; LUNG DEVELOPMENT; LUNG FLUID; LUNG PRESSURE; METABOLISM; ORGANOGENESIS; OXYGEN SATURATION; PERINATAL PERIOD; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY VEIN; REVIEW; THERMOREGULATION; ADAPTATION; BIRTH; DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; EMBRYOLOGY; FEMALE; FETUS; HEART; HEART FORAMEN OVALE; LUNG; LUNG CIRCULATION; NEWBORN; PREGNANCY;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; FEMALE; FETUS; FORAMEN OVALE; HEART; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; LUNG; PARTURITION; PREGNANCY; PULMONARY CIRCULATION;

EID: 84981736021     PISSN: 00955108     EISSN: 15579840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.001     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. 1 Britton, J.R., The transition to extrauterine life and disorders of transition. Clin Perinatol 25 (1998), 271–294.
2. 2 Keane, J.F., Lock, J.E., Fyler, D.C., Nadas’ pediatric cardiology. 2nd edition, 2006, Saunders, Philadelphia.
3. 3 Kiserud, T., Physiology of the fetal circulation. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10 (2005), 493–503.
4. 4 Freed, M., Keane, J., Lock, J., Fyler, D., (eds.) Nadas' Pediatric Cardiology, 2006, Saunders, Philadelphia.
5. 5 Cunningham, F., Leveno, K., Bloom, S., et al. Williams obstetrics. 2014, McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
6. 6 Finnemore, A., Groves, A., Physiology of the fetal and transitional circulation. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 20 (2015), 210–216.
7. 7 Nakanishi, T., Okuda, H., Kamata, K., et al. Development of myocardial contractile system in the fetal rabbit. Pediatr Res 22 (1987), 201–207.
8. 8 Kim, M.Y., Finch, A.M., Lumbers, E.R., et al. Expression of adrenoceptor subtypes in preterm piglet heart is different to term heart. PLoS One, 9, 2014, e92167.
9. 9 Burri, P.H., Fetal and postnatal development of the lung. Annu Rev Physiol 46 (1984), 617–628.
10. 10 Elias, N., O'Brodovich, H., Clearance of fluid from airspaces of newborns and infants. Neoreviews 7 (2006), e88–e94.
11. 11 Swanson, J.R., Sinkin, R.A., Transition from fetus to newborn. Pediatr Clin North Am 62 (2015), 329–343.
12. 12 Alcorn, D., Adamson, T.M., Lambert, T.F., et al. Morphological effects of chronic tracheal ligation and drainage in the fetal lamb lung. J Anat 123 (1977), 649–660.
13. 13 Moessinger, A.C., Harding, R., Adamson, T.M., et al. Role of lung fluid volume in growth and maturation of the fetal sheep lung. J Clin Invest 86 (1990), 1270–1277.
14. 14 Prsa, M., Sun, L., van Amerom, J., et al. Reference ranges of blood flow in the major vessels of the normal human fetal circulation at term by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 7 (2014), 663–670.
15. 15 Gao, Y., Raj, J.U., Regulation of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn. Physiol Rev 90 (2010), 1291–1335.
16. 16 van Tuyl, M., Liu, J., Wang, J., et al. Role of oxygen and vascular development in epithelial branching morphogenesis of the developing mouse lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288 (2005), L167–L178.
17. 17 Stenmark, K.R., Fagan, K.A., Frid, M.G., Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Circ Res 99 (2006), 675–691.
18. 18 Hillman, N.H., Kallapur, S.G., Jobe, A.H., Physiology of transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Clin Perinatol 39 (2012), 769–783.
19. 19 Alcorn, D., Adamson, T.M., Maloney, J.E., et al. Morphological effects of chronic bilateral phrenectomy or vagotomy in the fetal lamb lung. J Anat 130 (1980), 683–695.
20. 20 Teitel, D.F., Iwamoto, H.S., Rudolph, A.M., Changes in the pulmonary circulation during birth-related events. Pediatr Res 27 (1990), 372–378.
21. 21 Urlesberger, B., Brandner, A., Pocivalnik, M., et al. A left-to-right shunt via the ductus arteriosus is associated with increased regional cerebral oxygen saturation during neonatal transition. Neonatology 103 (2013), 259–263.
22. 22 van Vonderen, J.J., te Pas, A.B., Kolster-Bijdevaate, C., et al. Non-invasive measurements of ductus arteriosus flow directly after birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 99:5 (2014), F408–F412.
23. 23 Agata, Y., Hiraishi, S., Oguchi, K., et al. Changes in left ventricular output from fetal to early neonatal life. J Pediatr 119 (1991), 441–445.
24. 24 Kluckow, M., Evans, N., Relationship between blood pressure and cardiac output in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr 129 (1996), 506–512.
25. 25 Weir, E.K., Obreztchikova, M., Vargese, A., et al. Mechanisms of oxygen sensing: a key to therapy of pulmonary hypertension and patent ductus arteriosus. Br J Pharmacol 155 (2008), 300–307.
26. 26 Ersdal, H.L., Linde, J., Mduma, E., et al. Neonatal outcome following cord clamping after onset of spontaneous respiration. Pediatrics 134 (2014), 265–272.
27. 27 Kluckow, M., Hooper, S.B., Using physiology to guide time to cord clamping. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2015, 10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.002.
28. 28 Noori, S., Wlodaver, A., Gottipati, V., et al. Transitional changes in cardiac and cerebral hemodynamics in term neonates at birth. J Pediatr 160 (2012), 943–948.
29. 29 Urlesberger, B., Grossauer, K., Pocivalnik, M., et al. Regional oxygen saturation of the brain and peripheral tissue during birth transition of term infants. J Pediatr 157 (2010), 740–744.
30. 30 McNeill, S., Gatenby, J.C., McElroy, S., et al. Normal cerebral, renal and abdominal regional oxygen saturations using near-infrared spectroscopy in preterm infants. J Perinatol 31 (2011), 51–57.
31. 31 O'Brodovich, H.M., Immature epithelial Na+ channel expression is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to human neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 108 (1996), 345–355.
32. 32 Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Allison, B.J., et al. The role of lung inflation and sodium transport in airway liquid clearance during lung aeration in newborn rabbits. Pediatr Res 73 (2013), 443–449.
33. 33 O'Donnell, C.P.F., Kamlin, C.O.F., Davis, P.G., et al. Crying and breathing by extremely preterm infants immediately after birth. J Pediatr 156 (2010), 846–847.
34. 34 Vento, M., Saugstad, O.D., Resuscitation of the term and preterm infant. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 15 (2010), 216–222.
35. 35 Hooper, S.B., Siew, M.L., Kitchen, M.J., et al. Establishing functional residual capacity in the non-breathing infant. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 18 (2013), 336–343.
36. 36 Barker, P.M., Gowen, C.W., Lawson, E.E., et al. Decreased sodium ion absorption across nasal epithelium of very premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr 130 (1997), 373–377.
37. 37 Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Kitchen, M.J., et al. Inspiration regulates the rate and temporal pattern of lung liquid clearance and lung aeration at birth. J Appl Physiol (1985) 106 (2009), 1888–1895.
38. 38 Siew, M.L., Te Pas, A.B., Wallace, M.J., et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth. J Appl Physiol (1985) 106 (2009), 1487–1493.
39. 39 Rabi, Y., Yee, W., Chen, S.Y., et al. Oxygen saturation trends immediately after birth. J Pediatr 148 (2006), 590–594.
40. 40 Mariani, G., Dik, P.B., Ezquer, A., et al. Pre-ductal and post-ductal o2 saturation in healthy term neonates after birth. J Pediatr 150 (2007), 418–421.
41. 41 Raj, U., Shimoda, L., EB2002 featured topic. Crit Care 2064 (2002), 671–677.
42. 42 Platt, M.W., Deshpande, S., Metabolic adaptation at birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10 (2005), 341–350.
43. 43 Singer, D., Neonatal tolerance to hypoxia: a comparative-physiological approach. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 123 (1999), 221–234.
44. 44 Singer, D., Mühlfeld, C., Perinatal adaptation in mammals: the impact of metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 148 (2007), 780–784.
45. 45 Padbury, J., Agata, Y., Ludlow, J., et al. Effect of fetal adrenalectomy on catecholamine release and physiologic adaptation at birth in sheep. J Clin Invest 80 (1987), 1096–1103.
46. 46 Padbury, J.F., Ludlow, J.K., Ervin, M.G., et al. Thresholds for physiological effects of plasma catecholamines in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol 252 (1987), E530–E537.
47. 47 Villamor, E., Kessels, C.G., Fischer, M.A., et al. Role of superoxide anion on basal and stimulated nitric oxide activity in neonatal piglet pulmonary vessels. Pediatr Res 54 (2003), 372–381.
48. 48 Sherman, T.S., Chen, Z., Yuhanna, I.S., et al. Nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in the developing lung epithelium. Am J Physiol 276 (1999), L383–L390.
49. 49 Shaul, P.W., Pace, M.C., Chen, Z., et al. Developmental changes in prostacyclin synthesis are conserved in cultured pulmonary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20 (1999), 113–121.