Mechanical effects of postmortem changes, preservation, and allograft bone treatments

Bone Mechanics Handbook, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2001, Pages 20-1-20-24

  Martin, R Bruce ^a   Sharkey, Neil A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84981179364     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (74)

1. Anderson, C., Manual for the Examination of Bone, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1982.
2. Greenberg, S. W., Gonzalez, D., Gordjian, E. S., and Thomas, L. M., Changes in physical properties of bone between the in vivo, freshly dead, and embalmed conditions, The Twelfth Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, 1968, 271.
3. Black, J., Dead or alive: the problem of in vitro tissue mechanics, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 10, 377, 1976.
4. Black, J., Tissue properties: relationship of in vitro studies to in vivo behavior, in Natural and Living Biomaterials, Hastings, G. W. and Ducheyne, P., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1984, 5.
5. Currey, J. D., The mechanical consequences of variation in the mineral content of bone, J. Biomech., 2, 1, 1969.
6. Gustafson, M. B., Martin, R. B., Gibson, V., Storms, D. H., Stover, S. M., Gibeling, J., and Griffin, L., Calcium buffering is required to maintain bone stiffness in saline solution (technical note), J. Biomech., 29, 1191, 1996.
7. Dickson, G. R., Chemical fixation and the preparation of calcified tissues for transmission electron microscopy, in Methods of Calcified Tissue Preparation, Dickson, G. R., Ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 79.
8. Frost, H. M., Some aspects of the mechanics and dynamics of blood-bone interchange, Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull., 8, 36, 1960.
9. Stevens, J. and Ray, R. D., An experimental comparison of living and dead bone in rats. I. Physical properties, J. Bone Joint Surg., 44B, 412, 1962.
10. Weaver, J. K., The microscopic hardness of bone, J. Bone Joint Surg., 48-A, 273, 1966.
11. Tennyson, R. C., Ewert, R., and Niranjan, V., Dynamic viscoelastic response of bone, Exp. Mech., 12, 502, 1972.
12. Fitzgerald, E. R., Postmortem transition in the dynamic mechanical properties of bone, Med. Phys., 4, 49, 1977.
13. Brown, N., Saputa, C., and Black, J., Young’s modulus of living human bone, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., 6, 41, 1981.
14. Ashman, R. B., Donofrio, M., Cowin, S. C., and VanBuskirk, W. C., Portmortem changes in the elastic properties of bone, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., 7, 63, 1982.
15. Caler, W. E. and Carter, D. R., Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation, J. Biomech., 22, 625, 1989.
16. Linde, F. and Sorensen, H. C. F., The effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone, J. Biomech., 26, 1249, 1993.
17. Bright, R. W. and Burchardt, H., The biomechanical properties of preserved bone grafts, in Osteochondral Allografts: Biology, Banking, and Clinical Applications, Friedlaender, G. E., Mankin, H. J., and Sell, K. W., Eds., Little, Brown, Boston, 1983, 241.
18. Frankel, V. H., The Femoral Neck. Function. Fracture Mechanism. Internal Fixation. An Experimental Study, Almqvist and Wiksell, Goteborg, Sweden, 1960.
19. Sedlin, E. D., A rheological model for cortical bone, Acta Orthop. Scand., 83, 1, 1965.
20. Sonstegard, D. A. and Matthews, L. S., Mechanical property dependence on storage technique and locale of knee joint trabecular bone, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., 2, 283, 1977.
21. Pelker, R. R., Friedlaender, G. E., and Markham, T. C., Biomechanical properties of bone allografts, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 174, 54, 1983.
22. Pelker, R. R., Friedlaender, G. E., Markham, T. C., Panjabi, M. M., and Moen, C. M., Effects of freezing and freeze-drying on the biomechanical properties of rat bone, J. Orthop. Res., 1, 405, 1984.
23. Kang, J. S. and Kim, N. H., The biomechanical properties of deep freezing and freeze drying bones and their biomechanical changes after in vivo allograft, Yonsei Med. J., 36, 332, 1995.
24. Roe, S. C., Pijanowski, G. J., and Johnson, A. L., Biomechanical properties of canine cortical bone allografts: effects of preparation and storage, Am. J. Vet. Res., 49, 873, 1988.
25. Goh, J. C., Ang, E. J., and Bose, K., Effect of preservation medium on the mechanical properties of cat bones, Acta Orthop. Scand., 60, 465, 1989.
26. Borchers, R. E., Gibson, L. J., Burchardt, H., and Hayes, W. C., Effects of selected thermal variables on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone, Biomaterials, 16, 545, 1995.
27. Griffon, D. J., Wallace, L. J., and Bechtold, J., Biomechanical properties of canine corticocancellous bone frozen in normal saline solution, Am. J. Vet. Res., 56, 822, 1995.
28. Huss, B. T., Anderson, M. A., Wagner-Mann, C. C., and Payne, J. T., Effects of temperature and storage time on pin pull-out testing in harvested canine femurs, Am. J. Vet. Res., 56, 715, 1995.
29. Hamer, A. J., Strachen, J. R., Black, M. M., Ibbotson, C. J., Stockley, I., and Elson, R. A., Biomechanical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurement. A comparison of fresh, fresh-frozen and irradiated bone, J. Bone Joint Surg., 78B, 363, 1996.
30. Kang, Q., Yuehuei, H., and Friedman, R. J., Effects of multiple freeze-thawing cycles on ultimate indentation load and stiffness of bovine cancellous bone, Am. J. Vet. Res., 58, 1171, 1997.
31. Wohl, G., Goplen, G., Ford, J., Novak, K., Hurtig, M., McPherson, R., McGann, L., Schachar, N., and Zerniche, R. F., Mechanical integrity of subchondral bone in osteochondral autografts and allografts, Can. J. Surg., 41, 228, 1998.
32. Schenk, R. K., Olah, A. J., and Herrmann, W., Preparation of calcified tissues for light microscopy, Methods of Calcif. Tissue Preparation, Dickson, G. R., Ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 1.
33. Ashman, R. B., Ultrasonic Determination of the Elastic Properties of Cortical Bone: Techniques and Limitations, doctoral thesis, Tulane University, New Orlean, LA, 1982.
34. Sedlin, E. D. and Hirsch, C., Factors affecting the determination of the physical properties of femoral cortical bone, Acta Orthop. Scand., 37, 29, 1966.
35. Edmondson, S. J., Singer, K. P., Day, R. E., Breidahl, P. D., and Price, R. I., Formalin fixation effects on vertebral bone density and failure mechanics: an in-vitro study of human and sheep vertebrae, Clin. Biomech., 9, 175, 1994.
36. Calabrisi, P. and Smith, F. C., The effects of embalming on the compressive strength of a few specimens of compact bone, Naval Med. Res. Inst. Memo. Rep., 51-2, 1, 1951.
37. McElhaney, J. H., Fogle, J., Byars, E., and Weaver, G., Effect of embalming on the mechanical properties of beef bone, J. Appl. Physiol., 19, 1234, 1964.
38. Evans, F. G., Mechanical Properties of Bone, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1973.
39. Ziran, B. H., Sharkey, N. A., Smith, T. S., Wang, G., and Chapman, M. W., Modified transverse locking nail fixation of proximal femoral fractures, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 339, 82, 1997.
40. Porta, D. J., Kress, T. A., Fuller, P. M., and Snyder, J. N., Fractures of experimentally traumatized embalmed versus unembalmed cadaver legs, Biomed. Sci. Instrum., 33, 423, 1997.
41. Pelker, R. R. and Friedlaender, G. E., Biomechanical considerations in osteochondral grafts, in Bone and Cartilage Allografts: Biology and Clinical Applications, Friedlaender, G. E. and Goldberg, V. M., Eds., American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Park Ridge, IL, 1990, 155.
42. Friedlaender, G. E., Guidelines for banking osteochondral allografts, in Osteochondral Allografts: Biology, Banking, and Clinical Applications, Friedlaender, G. E., Mankin, H. L., and Sell, K. W., Eds., Little, Brown, Boston, 1983, 177.
43. Triantafyllou, N., Sotiropoulos, E., and Triantafyllou, J. N., The mechanical properties of the lyophylized and irradiated bone grafts, Acta Orthop. Belg., 41, 35, 1975.
44. Bright, R. W. and Burstein, A. H., Material properties of preserved cortical bone, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., 7, 210, 1978.
45. Malinin, T., Latta, L., Milne, E., Saitoh, S., Winter, R., Flores, A., and Buck, B., Effects of freeze-drying on the flexural strength and notch sensitivity of human femoral diaphysis, Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., 14, 112, 1989.
46. Simonian, P. T., Conrad, E. U., Chapman, J. R., Harrington, R. H., and Chansky, H. A., Effect of sterilization and storage treatments on screw pullout strength in human allograft bone, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 302, 290, 1994.
47. Conrad, E. U., Ericksen, D. P., Tencer, A. F., Strong, D. M., and MacKenzie, A. P., The effects of freeze-drying and rehydration on cancellous bone, Clini. Orthop. Relat. Res., 290, 279, 1993.
48. Burchardt, H., Jones, H., Glowczewskie, F., Rudner, C., and Enniking, W. F., Freeze-dried allogeneic segmental cortical-bone grafts in dogs, J. Bone Joint Surg., 60-A, 1082, 1978.
49. Spira, E., Brenner, H. T., and Lubin, E., Extracorporeal irradiation of malignant bone tumors, in Operative Treatment of Bone Tumors, Chapchal, G., Ed., Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1970, 136.
50. Uyttendaele, D., DeSchryver, A., Claessens, H., Roels, H., Berkvens, P., and Mondelaers W., Limb conservation in promary bone tumors by resections, extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation, J. Bone Joint Surg., 70-B, 348, 1988.
51. Nemzek, J. A., Arnoczky, S. P., and Swenson, C. L., Retroviral transmission in bone allotransplantation. The effects of tissue processing, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 324, 275, 1996.
52. Jackson, D. W., Windler, G. E., and Simon, T. M., Intraarticular reaction associated with the use of freeze-dried, ethylene oxide sterilized bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, Am. J. Sports Med., 18, 1, 1990.
53. Jorgenson, S. S., Lowe, T. G., France, J., and Sabin, J., A prospective analysis of autograft versus allograft in posterolateral lumbar fusion in the same patient: a minimum of 1-year followup in 144 patients, Spine, 19, 2048, 1994.
54. VanWinkle, W., Borick, P. M., and Fogarty, M., Destruction of radiation-resistant micro-organisms on surgical sutures by 60 Co-irradiation under manufacturing conditions, in Radiosterilization of Medical Products. Proceedings of a Symposium, Budapest, June 5-9, 1967, and Recommended Code of Practice, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1967, 169.
55. Fideler, B. M., Vangsness, C. T., Moore, T., Li, Z., and Rasheed, S., Effects of gamma irradiation on the human immunodeficiency virus, J. Bone Joint Surg., 76-A, 1032, 1994.
56. Komender, A., Influence of preservation on some mechanical properties of human Haversian bone, Mater. Med. Pol., 8, 13, 1976.
57. Anderson, M. J., Keyak, J. H., and Skinner, H. B., Compressive mechanical properties of human cancellous bone after gamma irradiation, J. Bone Joint Surg., 74-A, 747, 1992.
58. Currey, J. D., Foreman, J., Laketic, I., Mitchell, J., Pegg, D. E., and Reilly, G. C., Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone, J. Res., 15, 111, 1997.
59. Voggenreiter, G., Ascherl, R., Blumel, G., and Schmit-Neuerburg, K. P., Extracorporeal irradiation and incorporation of bone grafts, Acta Orthop. Scand., 67, 583, 1996.
60. Salehpour, A., Butler, D. L., Proch, F. S., Schwartz, H. E., Feder, S. M., Doxey, C. M., and Ratcliffe, A., Dose-dependent response of gamma radiation on mechanical properties and related biochemical composition of goat bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts, J. Orthop. Res., 13, 898, 1995.
61. Grant, R. A., Cox, R. W., and Kent, C. M., The effects of gamma irradiation on the structure and reactivity of native and cross-linked collagen fibres, J. Anat., 115, 29, 1973.
62. Jepsen, K. J., Goldstein, S. A., Kuhn, J. L., Schaffler, M. B., and Bonadio, J., Type I collagen mutation compromises the post-yield behavior of Mov13 long bone, J. Orthop. Res., 14, 493, 1996.
63. Martin, R. B., A mathematical model for fatigue damage repair and stress fracture in osteonal bone, J. Orthop. Res., 13, 309, 1995.
64. Thoren, K., Aspenberg, P., and Thorngren, K.-G., Lipid-extraction decreases the specific immunologic response to bone allograft in rabbits, Acta Orthop. Scand., 64, 44, 1993.
65. Thoren, K., Aspenberg, P., and Thorngren, K.-G., Lipid-extracted bank bone. Bone conductive and mechanical properties, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 311, 232, 1995.
66. McDougal, J. S., Martin, L. S., Cort, S. P., Mozen, M., Heldebrant, C. M., and Evatt, B. L., Thermal inactivation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus, human T lymphotropic virus-III lymphadenopathy-associated virus, with special reference to antihemophilic factor, J. Clin. Invest., 76, 875, 1985.
67. Spire, B., Dormont, D., Barre-Sinoussi, F., Montagnier, L., and Chermann, J. C., Inactivation of lymphadenopathy-associated virus by heat, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light, Lancet, 1(8422), 188, 1985.
68. Sharkey, N. A., Hollstein, S. B., and Martin, R. B., Thermal inactivation of HIV in cadaveric specimens: biomechanical effects on bone, in Transactions of the Combined Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Societies of the USA, Japan, and Canada, Oct. 21-23, 279, 1991.
69. Zimmerman, R., Bechtold, J. E., Eastlund, D. T., and Bianco, P. T., Effect of pasteurization on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone, Proceedings of the Second North American Congress on Biomechanics, Aug. 24-28, Chicago, 17, 1992.
70. VonGarrel, T. and Knaepler, H., Thermal incubation of allogenic bone transplants, J. Bone Joint Surg., 75-B Suppl. II, 107, 1993.
71. Knaepler, H., VonGarrel, T., Seipp, H. M., Ascherl, R., and Gotzen, L., Autoklavierung von allogenen Knochentransplantaten als Alternative zur konventionellen Knochenbank? Orthop. Prax., 1, 18, 1992.
72. Kuhne, J. H., Bartl, R., Hammer, C., Refior, H. J., Janssen, V., and Zimmer, M., Moderate heat treatment of bone allografts. Experimental results of osteointegration, Arch. orthop. Trauma Surg., 112, 18, 1992.
73. Hofmann, C., VonGarrel, T., and Gotzen, I., The use of a thermic disinfection system for allogenic bone banking, J. Bone Joint Surg., 77-B, 225, 1995.
74. Jackson, D. S., Ayad, S., and Mechanic, G., Effect of heat on some collagen cross-links, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 336, 100, 1974.