메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 151, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 704-714

Somatic embryogenesis in Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet and assessment of genetic homogeneity using SCoT markers

Author keywords

genetic homogeneity; malvaceae; plant growth regulators; scanning electron microscopy; Secondary somatic embryogenesis

Indexed keywords


EID: 84980016710     PISSN: 11263504     EISSN: 17245575     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2016.1211193     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 41549149954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet
    • Abdul Rahuman A, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K. 2008. Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet. Parasitol Res 102:981–988.10.1007/s00436-007-0864-5
    • (2008) Parasitol Res , vol.102 , pp. 981-988
    • Abdul Rahuman, A.1    Gopalakrishnan, G.2    Venkatesan, P.3    Geetha, K.4
  • 2
    • 5444246859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting secondary somatic embryogenesis and embryo maturation in Morus alba L
    • Agarwal S, Kanwar K, Sharma DR. 2004. Factors affecting secondary somatic embryogenesis and embryo maturation in Morus alba L. Sci Hortic 102:359–368.10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.002
    • (2004) Sci Hortic , vol.102 , pp. 359-368
    • Agarwal, S.1    Kanwar, K.2    Sharma, D.R.3
  • 3
    • 85027919965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micropropagation and validation of genetic homogeneity of Alhagi maurorum using SCoT, ISSR and RAPD markers
    • Agarwal T, Gupta AK, Patel AK, Shekhawat NS. 2015. Micropropagation and validation of genetic homogeneity of Alhagi maurorum using SCoT, ISSR and RAPD markers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 120:313–323.10.1007/s11240-014-0608-z
    • (2015) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.120 , pp. 313-323
    • Agarwal, T.1    Gupta, A.K.2    Patel, A.K.3    Shekhawat, N.S.4
  • 4
    • 84862784801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis in Rosa hybrid ‘Samantha’
    • Bao Y, Liu G, Shi X, Xing W, Ning G, Liu J, Bao M. 2012. Primary and repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis in Rosa hybrid ‘Samantha’. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 109:411–418.10.1007/s11240-011-0105-6
    • (2012) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.109 , pp. 411-418
    • Bao, Y.1    Liu, G.2    Shi, X.3    Xing, W.4    Ning, G.5    Liu, J.6    Bao, M.7
  • 5
    • 0034783333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of plant secondary metabolites: A historical perspective
    • Bourgaud F, Gravot A, Milesi S, Gontier E. 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites:A historical perspective. Plant Sci 161:839–851.10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00490-3
    • (2001) Plant Sci , vol.161 , pp. 839-851
    • Bourgaud, F.1    Gravot, A.2    Milesi, S.3    Gontier, E.4
  • 7
    • 0034973217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and physiological, epigenetic and genetic variability in plant tissue culture: Implications for micropropagators and genetic engineers
    • Cassells AC, Curry RF. 2001. Oxidative stress and physiological, epigenetic and genetic variability in plant tissue culture:Implications for micropropagators and genetic engineers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 64:145–157.10.1023/A:1010692104861
    • (2001) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.64 , pp. 145-157
    • Cassells, A.C.1    Curry, R.F.2
  • 9
    • 79952501574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plantlet regeneration from cotyledon, cotyledon petiole, and hypocotyls explants via somatic embryogenesis pathway in roquette (Eruca sativa Mill)
    • Chen K, Zhang XB, Jiang JL, Wang XY. 2011. Plantlet regeneration from cotyledon, cotyledon petiole, and hypocotyls explants via somatic embryogenesis pathway in roquette (Eruca sativa Mill). Plant Biosyst 145:68–76.10.1080/11263504.2010.530971
    • (2011) Plant Biosyst , vol.145 , pp. 68-76
    • Chen, K.1    Zhang, X.B.2    Jiang, J.L.3    Wang, X.Y.4
  • 10
    • 84875418320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz
    • Cheruvathur MK, Kumar GK, Thomas TD. 2013. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 113:63–71.10.1007/s11240-012-0251-5
    • (2013) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.113 , pp. 63-71
    • Cheruvathur, M.K.1    Kumar, G.K.2    Thomas, T.D.3
  • 11
    • 70349984257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) polymorphism: A simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene-targeted markers in plants
    • Collard BCY, Mackill DJ. 2009. Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) polymorphism:A simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene-targeted markers in plants. Plant Mol Biol Rep 27:86–93.10.1007/s11105-008-0060-5
    • (2009) Plant Mol Biol Rep , vol.27 , pp. 86-93
    • Collard, B.C.Y.1    Mackill, D.J.2
  • 12
    • 84923506014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of 2,4-D and stress improves indirect somatic embryogenesis in Cattleya maxima Lindl
    • Cueva Agila AY, Guachizaca I, Cella R. 2013. Combination of 2,4-D and stress improves indirect somatic embryogenesis in Cattleya maxima Lindl. Plant Biosyst 149:235–241.
    • (2013) Plant Biosyst , vol.149 , pp. 235-241
    • Cueva Agila, A.Y.1    Guachizaca, I.2    Cella, R.3
  • 13
    • 4243779449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the embryogenic pathway in somatic plant cells
    • Fehér A, Pasternak T, Miskolczi P, Ayaydin F, Dudits D. 2001. Induction of the embryogenic pathway in somatic plant cells. Acta Hort. 560:293–298.10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.560.55
    • (2001) Acta Hort. , vol.560 , pp. 293-298
    • Fehér, A.1    Pasternak, T.2    Miskolczi, P.3    Ayaydin, F.4    Dudits, D.5
  • 14
    • 0017012893 scopus 로고
    • Phytochemical investigation of abutilon indicum
    • Gaind KN, Chopra KS. 1976. Phytochemical investigation of abutilon indicum. Planta Med 30:174–185.10.1055/s-0028-1097714
    • (1976) Planta Med , vol.30 , pp. 174-185
    • Gaind, K.N.1    Chopra, K.S.2
  • 15
    • 4444247067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis induction and plant regeneration with particular reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh
    • Gaj MD. 2004. Factors influencing somatic embryogenesis induction and plant regeneration with particular reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Growth Regul 43:27–47.10.1023/B:GROW.0000038275.29262.fb
    • (2004) Plant Growth Regul , vol.43 , pp. 27-47
    • Gaj, M.D.1
  • 16
    • 0000371335 scopus 로고
    • Critical values for Duncan’s new multiple range test
    • Harter HL. 1960. Critical values for Duncan’s new multiple range test. Biometrics 16:671–685.10.2307/2527770
    • (1960) Biometrics , vol.16 , pp. 671-685
    • Harter, H.L.1
  • 17
    • 12844260370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of endogenous hormone concentration in embryogenic cultures of carrot during early expression of somatic embryogenesis
    • Jimenez VM, Guevara E, Herrera J, Bangerth F. 2005. Evolution of endogenous hormone concentration in embryogenic cultures of carrot during early expression of somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep 23:567–572.10.1007/s00299-004-0869-9
    • (2005) Plant Cell Rep , vol.23 , pp. 567-572
    • Jimenez, V.M.1    Guevara, E.2    Herrera, J.3    Bangerth, F.4
  • 18
    • 84895923942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis regenerated guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants using DNA-based markers
    • Kamle M, Kumar P, Bajpai A, Kalim S, Chandra R. 2014. Assessment of genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis regenerated guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants using DNA-based markers. New Zealand J Crop Hort Sci 42:1–9.10.1080/01140671.2013.814574
    • (2014) New Zealand J Crop Hort Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1-9
    • Kamle, M.1    Kumar, P.2    Bajpai, A.3    Kalim, S.4    Chandra, R.5
  • 19
    • 39149114078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary somatic embryogenesis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
    • Karami O, Deljou A, Kordestani GK. 2008. Secondary somatic embryogenesis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 92:273–280.10.1007/s11240-007-9332-2
    • (2008) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.92 , pp. 273-280
    • Karami, O.1    Deljou, A.2    Kordestani, G.K.3
  • 20
    • 85005967515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue culture studies in some medicinally important plants
    • Kasthuri GM. 2001. Tissue culture studies in some medicinally important plants. Plant Res 4:171–180.
    • (2001) Plant Res , vol.4 , pp. 171-180
    • Kasthuri, G.M.1
  • 21
    • 84880582575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro propagation and assessment of genetic stability of micropropagated Samanea saman (rain tree) using microsatellite markers
    • Kasthurirengan S, Xie L, Li CH, Fong YK, Hong Y. 2013. In vitro propagation and assessment of genetic stability of micropropagated Samanea saman (rain tree) using microsatellite markers. Acta Physiol Plant 35:2467–2474.10.1007/s11738-013-1281-2
    • (2013) Acta Physiol Plant , vol.35 , pp. 2467-2474
    • Kasthurirengan, S.1    Xie, L.2    Li, C.H.3    Fong, Y.K.4    Hong, Y.5
  • 22
    • 33846680171 scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed, New Delhi: Periodical Experts
    • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. 1975. Indian medicinal plants. 2nd ed. New Delhi:Periodical Experts. Vol. I, pp. 314–315.
    • (1975) Indian medicinal plants , vol.1 , pp. 314-315
    • Kirtikar, K.R.1    Basu, B.D.2
  • 23
    • 0242554088 scopus 로고
    • Somaclonal variation-a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement
    • Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR. 1981. Somaclonal variation-a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60:197–214.10.1007/BF02342540
    • (1981) Theor Appl Genet , vol.60 , pp. 197-214
    • Larkin, P.J.1    Scowcroft, W.R.2
  • 24
    • 84905230649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic embryogenesis from mature zygotic embryos of Distylium chinense (Fr.) Diels and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerated plants by SRAP markers
    • Li X, Wang X, Luan C, Yang J, Cheng S, Dai Z, Mei P, Huang C. 2014. Somatic embryogenesis from mature zygotic embryos of Distylium chinense (Fr.) Diels and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerated plants by SRAP markers. Plant Growth Regul 74:11–21.10.1007/s10725-014-9892-1
    • (2014) Plant Growth Regul , vol.74 , pp. 11-21
    • Li, X.1    Wang, X.2    Luan, C.3    Yang, J.4    Cheng, S.5    Dai, Z.6    Mei, P.7    Huang, C.8
  • 25
    • 84859621149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of Aster sedifolius and Aster caucaiscus callus cultures as a potential source of antioxidants
    • Minutolo M, Caruso I, Caruso G, Chiaiese P, Errico A. 2012. Establishment of Aster sedifolius and Aster caucaiscus callus cultures as a potential source of antioxidants. Plant Biosyst 146:41–46.10.1080/11263504.2011.601333
    • (2012) Plant Biosyst , vol.146 , pp. 41-46
    • Minutolo, M.1    Caruso, I.2    Caruso, G.3    Chiaiese, P.4    Errico, A.5
  • 27
    • 2942735395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis through cell suspension cultures of horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) verdc.]
    • Mohamed SV, Wang CS, Thiruvengadam M, Jayabalan N. 2004. In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis through cell suspension cultures of horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) verdc.]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40:284–289.10.1079/IVP2003524
    • (2004) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant , vol.40 , pp. 284-289
    • Mohamed, S.V.1    Wang, C.S.2    Thiruvengadam, M.3    Jayabalan, N.4
  • 28
    • 84982358134 scopus 로고
    • A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures
    • Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497.10.1111/ppl.1962.15.issue-3
    • (1962) Physiol Plant , vol.15 , pp. 473-497
    • Murashige, T.1    Skoog, F.2
  • 29
    • 84884531013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cv. ‘Baeksun’ and assessment of ploidy stability of somatic embryogenesis process by flow cytometry
    • Naing AH, Min JS, Park K, Chung MY, Lim SH, Lim KB, Kim CK. 2013. Primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cv. ‘Baeksun’ and assessment of ploidy stability of somatic embryogenesis process by flow cytometry. Acta Physiol Plant 35:2965–2974.
    • (2013) Acta Physiol Plant , vol.35 , pp. 2965-2974
    • Naing, A.H.1    Min, J.S.2    Park, K.3    Chung, M.Y.4    Lim, S.H.5    Lim, K.B.6    Kim, C.K.7
  • 30
    • 85019823082 scopus 로고
    • Response of isolated floral buds and anthers of Abutilon indicum in vitro
    • Nataraja K, Patil JS. 1984. Response of isolated floral buds and anthers of Abutilon indicum in vitro. Curr Sci 53:757–759.
    • (1984) Curr Sci , vol.53 , pp. 757-759
    • Nataraja, K.1    Patil, J.S.2
  • 31
    • 12344318624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and iron on the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of transgenic cherry rootstock ‘Colt’ (Prunus avium x P. Pseudocerasus)
    • Pesce PG, Rugini E. 2004. Influence of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and iron on the cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of transgenic cherry rootstock ‘Colt’ (Prunus avium x P. Pseudocerasus). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 79:223–232.10.1007/s11240-004-0663-y
    • (2004) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.79 , pp. 223-232
    • Pesce, P.G.1    Rugini, E.2
  • 32
    • 84865978333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of 75 percent methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum (Linn.) sweet leaves
    • Ponnudurai K, Prabhu K, Prabu D. 2011. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of 75 percent methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum (Linn.) sweet leaves. Intl J Res Ayur Pharm 2:1574–1576.
    • (2011) Intl J Res Ayur Pharm , vol.2 , pp. 1574-1576
    • Ponnudurai, K.1    Prabhu, K.2    Prabu, D.3
  • 33
    • 12944307349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum on experimental liver damage in rats
    • Porchezhian E, Ansari SH. 2005. Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum on experimental liver damage in rats. Phytomedicine 12:62–64.10.1016/j.phymed.2003.09.009
    • (2005) Phytomedicine , vol.12 , pp. 62-64
    • Porchezhian, E.1    Ansari, S.H.2
  • 35
    • 84893959684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic stability in micropropagated Cleome gynandra revealed by SCoT analysis
    • Rathore NS, Rai MK, Phulwaria M, Rathore N, Shekhawat NS. 2014. Genetic stability in micropropagated Cleome gynandra revealed by SCoT analysis. Acta Physiol Plant 36:555–559.10.1007/s11738-013-1429-0
    • (2014) Acta Physiol Plant , vol.36 , pp. 555-559
    • Rathore, N.S.1    Rai, M.K.2    Phulwaria, M.3    Rathore, N.4    Shekhawat, N.S.5
  • 36
    • 78650678322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal herb Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant.et Fernand. through somatic embryogenesis
    • Rizvi MZ, Kukreja AK, Bisht NS. 2010. In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal herb Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant.et Fernand. through somatic embryogenesis. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 16:249–257.10.1007/s12298-010-0026-6
    • (2010) Physiol Mol Biol Plants , vol.16 , pp. 249-257
    • Rizvi, M.Z.1    Kukreja, A.K.2    Bisht, N.S.3
  • 37
    • 84863433038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant regeneration in Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant.et Fernand. from embryogenic callus and cell suspension culture and assessment of genetic fidelity of plants derived through somatic embryogenesis
    • Rizvi MZ, Kukreja AK, Bisht NS. 2012. Plant regeneration in Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant.et Fernand. from embryogenic callus and cell suspension culture and assessment of genetic fidelity of plants derived through somatic embryogenesis. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 18:253–263.10.1007/s12298-012-0113-y
    • (2012) Physiol Mol Biol Plants , vol.18 , pp. 253-263
    • Rizvi, M.Z.1    Kukreja, A.K.2    Bisht, N.S.3
  • 38
    • 0002194729 scopus 로고
    • Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of Rosa hybrida L. cv. Landora
    • Rout GR, Debata BK, Das P. 1991. Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of Rosa hybrida L. cv. Landora. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 27:65–69.10.1007/BF00048208
    • (1991) Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , vol.27 , pp. 65-69
    • Rout, G.R.1    Debata, B.K.2    Das, P.3
  • 39
    • 0034042691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro manipulation and propagation of medicinal plants
    • Rout GR, Samantaray S, Das P. 2000. In vitro manipulation and propagation of medicinal plants. Biotechnol Adv 18:91–120.10.1016/S0734-9750(99)00026-9
    • (2000) Biotechnol Adv , vol.18 , pp. 91-120
    • Rout, G.R.1    Samantaray, S.2    Das, P.3
  • 40
    • 75649088464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro micropropagation of Abutilon indicum L. through leaf explants
    • Rout JR, Mishra M, Das R, Sahoo SL. 2009. In vitro micropropagation of Abutilon indicum L. through leaf explants. Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol 19:177–184.
    • (2009) Plant Tissue Cult Biotechnol , vol.19 , pp. 177-184
    • Rout, J.R.1    Mishra, M.2    Das, R.3    Sahoo, S.L.4
  • 41
    • 0034619749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokinin-induced somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Corydalis yanhusuo (Fumariaceae)-a medicinal plant
    • Sagare AP, Lee YL, Lin TC, Chen CC, Tsay HS. 2000. Cytokinin-induced somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Corydalis yanhusuo (Fumariaceae)-a medicinal plant. Plant Sci 160:139–147.10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00377-0
    • (2000) Plant Sci , vol.160 , pp. 139-147
    • Sagare, A.P.1    Lee, Y.L.2    Lin, T.C.3    Chen, C.C.4    Tsay, H.S.5
  • 42
    • 84946034287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenylalanine enhances quercetin content in In vitro cultures of Abutilon indicum L
    • Sajjalaguddam RR, Paladugu A. 2015. Phenylalanine enhances quercetin content in In vitro cultures of Abutilon indicum L. J Appl Pharmaceut Sci 5:80–84.10.7324/JAPS.2015.501014
    • (2015) J Appl Pharmaceut Sci , vol.5 , pp. 80-84
    • Sajjalaguddam, R.R.1    Paladugu, A.2
  • 43
    • 0005539630 scopus 로고
    • Two sesquiterpene lactones from Abutilon indicum
    • Sharma PV, Ahmad ZA. 1989. Two sesquiterpene lactones from Abutilon indicum. Phytochemistry 28:3525–3529.10.1016/0031-9422(89)80379-6
    • (1989) Phytochemistry , vol.28 , pp. 3525-3529
    • Sharma, P.V.1    Ahmad, Z.A.2
  • 44
    • 77952420586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.)
    • Shi X, Dai X, Liu G, Zhang J, Ning G, Bao M. 2010. Cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 46:117–125.10.1007/s11627-009-9272-0
    • (2010) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant , vol.46 , pp. 117-125
    • Shi, X.1    Dai, X.2    Liu, G.3    Zhang, J.4    Ning, G.5    Bao, M.6
  • 45
    • 34250664607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-cost media for in vitro conservation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and genetic stability assessment using RAPD markers
    • Tyagi RK, Agrawal A, Mahalakshmi C, Hussain Z, Tyagi H. 2007. Low-cost media for in vitro conservation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and genetic stability assessment using RAPD markers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43:51–58.10.1007/s11627-006-9000-y
    • (2007) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant , vol.43 , pp. 51-58
    • Tyagi, R.K.1    Agrawal, A.2    Mahalakshmi, C.3    Hussain, Z.4    Tyagi, H.5
  • 46
    • 85032090564 scopus 로고
    • Progress in the regeneration and genetic manipulation of cereal crops
    • Vasil IK. 1988. Progress in the regeneration and genetic manipulation of cereal crops. Nat Biotechnol 6:397–402.10.1038/nbt0488-397
    • (1988) Nat Biotechnol , vol.6 , pp. 397-402
    • Vasil, I.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.