A prospective surveillance study of candidaemia: Epidemiology, risk factors, antifungal treatment and outcome in hospitalized patients

Frontiers in Microbiology

Volumn 7, Issue JUN, 2016, Pages

  Rajendran, Ranjith ^a   Sherry, Leighann ^a   Deshpande, Ashutosh ^b   Johnson, Elizabeth M ^c   Hanson, Mary F ^d   Williams, Craig ^e   Munro, Carol A ^f   Jones, Brian L ^b   Ramage, Gordon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^d NHS LOTHIAN   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antifungals; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candidaemia; Drug resistance

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANIDULAFUNGIN; CASPOFUNGIN; ECHINOCANDIN; FLUCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; VORICONAZOLE;

ADULT; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDA GLABRATA; CANDIDA PARAPSILOSIS; CANDIDA TROPICALIS; CANDIDEMIA; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CLAVISPORA LUSITANIAE; DISEASE SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84979966382     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664302X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00915     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Almirante, B., Rodriguez, D., Park, B. J., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Planes, A. M., Almela, M., et al. (2005). Epidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of Candida bloodstream infection: results from population-based surveillance, barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 1829-1835. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1829-1835.2005.
2. Arendrup, M. C. (2010). Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 16, 445-452. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32833e84d2.
3. Arendrup, M. C., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Lass-Florl, C., and Hope, W. W. (2013a). Breakpoints for antifungal agents: an update from EUCAST focussing on echinocandins against Candida spp. and triazoles against Aspergillus spp. Drug Resist. Updat. 16, 81-95. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.01.001.
4. Arendrup, M. C., Dzajic, E., Jensen, R. H., Johansen, H. K., Kjaeldgaard, P., Knudsen, J. D., et al. (2013b). Epidemiological changes with potential implication for antifungal prescription recommendations for fungaemia: data from a nationwide fungaemia surveillance programme. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19:E343-E353. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12212.
5. Castanheira, M., Messer, S. A., Rhomberg, P. R., and Pfaller, M. A. (2016). Antifungal susceptibility patterns of a global collection of fungal isolates: results of the SENTRY antifungal surveillance program (2013). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 85, 200-204. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.009.
6. Chi, H. W., Yang, Y. S., Shang, S. T., Chen, K. H., Yeh, K. M., Chang, F. Y., et al. (2011). Candida albicans versus non-albicans bloodstream infections: the comparison of risk factors and outcome. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 44, 369-375. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2010.08.010.
7. Cleveland, A. A., Harrison, L. H., Farley, M. M., Hollick, R., Stein, B., Chiller, T. M., et al. (2015). Declining incidence of candidemia and the shifting epidemiology of Candida resistance in two US metropolitan areas, 2008-2013: results from population-based surveillance. PLoS ONE 10:e0120452. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120452.
8. CLSI (2008). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard, Third Edition. CLSI document m27-a3. Wayne, PA: Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute.
9. CLSI (2012). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; 4th Informational Supplement. CLSI document m27-s4. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
10. Cornely, O. A., Bassetti, M., Calandra, T., Garbino, J., Kullberg, B. J., Lortholary, O., et al. (2012). ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18(Suppl. 7), 19-37. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12039.
11. Dimopoulos, G., Ntziora, F., Rachiotis, G., Armaganidis, A., and Falagas, M. E. (2008). Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: differences in risk factors and outcome. Anesth. Analg. 106, 523-529. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181607262.
12. Eggimann, P., Bille, J., and Marchetti, O. (2011). Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in the ICU. Ann. Intensive Care 1, 37. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-1-37.
13. Gamaletsou, M. N., Walsh, T. J., Zaoutis, T., Pagoni, M., Kotsopoulou, M., Voulgarelis, M., et al. (2013). A prospective, cohort, multicentre study of candidaemia in hospitalized adult patients with haematological malignancies. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20, O50-O57. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12312.
14. Garey, K. W., Rege, M., Pai, M. P., Mingo, D. E., Suda, K. J., Turpin, R. S., et al. (2006). Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43, 25-31. doi: 10.1086/504810.
15. Goncalves, S. S., Souza, A. C., Chowdhary, A., Meis, J. F., and Colombo, A. L. (2016). Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in Candida and Aspergillus. Mycoses doi: 10.1111/myc.12469 [Epub ahead of print].
16. Gudlaugsson, O., Gillespie, S., Lee, K., Vande Berg, J., Hu, J., Messer, S., et al. (2003). Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37, 1172-1177. doi: 10.1086/378745.
17. Hachem, R., Hanna, H., Kontoyiannis, D., Jiang, Y., and Raad, I. (2008). The changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: Candida glabrata and Candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy. Cancer 112, 2493-2499. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23466.
18. Koehler, P., Tacke, D., and Cornely, O. A. (2014). Our 2014 approach to candidaemia. Mycoses 57, 581-583. doi: 10.1111/myc.12207.
19. Kollef, M., Micek, S., Hampton, N., Doherty, J. A., and Kumar, A. (2012). Septic shock attributed to Candida infection: importance of empiric therapy and source control. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54, 1739-1746. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis305.
20. Kuhn, D. M., George, T., Chandra, J., Mukherjee, P. K., and Ghannoum, M. A. (2002). Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 1773-1780. doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1773-1780.2002.
21. Lee, I., Fishman, N. O., Zaoutis, T. E., Morales, K. H., Weiner, M. G., Synnestvedt, M., et al. (2009). Risk factors for fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata bloodstream infections. Arch. Intern. Med. 169, 379-383. doi: 10.1001/archinte.169.4.379.
22. Leroy, O., Gangneux, J. P., Montravers, P., Mira, J. P., Gouin, F., Sollet, J. P., et al. (2009). Epidemiology, management, and risk factors for death of invasive Candida infections in critical care: a multicenter, prospective, observational study in France (2005-2006). Crit. Care Med. 37, 1612-1618. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819efac0.
23. Mermel, L. A., Allon, M., Bouza, E., Craven, D. E., Flynn, P., O'Grady, N. P., et al. (2009). Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49, 1-45. doi: 10.1086/599376.
24. Moran, C., Grussemeyer, C. A., Spalding, J. R., Benjamin, D. K. Jr., and Reed, S. D. (2009). Candida albicans and non-albicans bloodstream infections in adult and pediatric patients: comparison of mortality and costs. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 28, 433-435. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181920ffd.
25. Morrell, M., Fraser, V. J., and Kollef, M. H. (2005). Delaying the empiric treatment of candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 3640-3645. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005.
26. Nett, J. E., Cain, M. T., Crawford, K., and Andes, D. R. (2011). Optimizing a Candida biofilm microtiter plate model for measurement of antifungal susceptibility by tetrazolium salt assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 1426-1433. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02273-10.
27. Nguyen, M. H., Peacock, J. E. Jr., Morris, A. J., Tanner, D. C., Nguyen, M. L., Snydman, D. R., et al. (1996). The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am. J. Med. 100, 617-623. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(95)00010-0.
28. Odds, F. C., Hanson, M. F., Davidson, A. D., Jacobsen, M. D., Wright, P., Whyte, J. A., et al. (2007). One year prospective survey of Candida bloodstream infections in Scotland. J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 1066-1075. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.47239-0.
29. Osmanov, A., and Denning, D. W. (2015). Burden of serious fungal infections in Ukraine. Mycoses. 58(Suppl. 5), 94-100. doi: 10.1111/myc.12409.
30. Pfaller, M. A., and Diekema, D. J. (2007). Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20, 133-163. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00029-06.
31. Quindos, G. (2014). Epidemiology of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. a changing face. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 31, 42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.10.001.
32. Rajendran, R, Sherry, L., Nile, C. J., Sherriff, A., Johnson, E., Hanson, M., et al. (2015). Biofilm formation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infection-Scotland, 2012-2013. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 22, 87-93. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.018.
33. Ramage, G., Rajendran, R., Sherry, L., and Williams, C. (2012). Fungal biofilm resistance. Int. J. Microbiol. 2012, 528521. doi: 10.1155/2012/528521.
34. Rentz, A. M., Halpern, M. T., and Bowden, R. (1998). The impact of candidemia on length of hospital stay, outcome, and overall cost of illness. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27, 781-788. doi: 10.1086/514955.
35. Tumbarello, M., Fiori, B., Trecarichi, E. M., Posteraro, P., Losito, A. R., De Luca, A., et al. (2012). Risk factors and outcomes of candidemia caused by biofilm-forming isolates in a tertiary care hospital. PLoS ONE 7:e33705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033705.
36. Tumbarello, M., Posteraro, B., Trecarichi, E. M., Fiori, B., Rossi, M., Porta, R., et al. (2007). Biofilm production by Candida species and inadequate antifungal therapy as predictors of mortality for patients with candidemia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45, 1843-1850. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00131-07.
37. Zilberberg, M. D., Kollef, M. H., Arnold, H., Labelle, A., Micek, S. T., Kothari, S., et al. (2010). Inappropriate empiric antifungal therapy for candidemia in the ICU and hospital resource utilization: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis. 10:150. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-150.
38. Zilberberg, M. D., Kothari, S., and Shorr, A. F. (2009). Cost-effectiveness of micafungin as an alternative to fluconazole empiric treatment of suspected ICU-acquired candidemia among patients with sepsis: a model simulation. Crit. Care 13:R94. doi: 10.1186/cc7924.