메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 627-647

Vegetation-climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa under future climate change

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; EARTH (PLANET); EARTH ATMOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEMS; INTERFACIAL ENERGY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN; TROPICS; VEGETATION;

EID: 84979901965     PISSN: 21904979     EISSN: 21904987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/esd-7-627-2016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (94)
  • 2
    • 77957016954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dynamic vegetation in regional climate predictions over western Africa
    • Alo, C. A. and Wang, G.: Role of dynamic vegetation in regional climate predictions over western Africa, Clim. Dynam., 35, 907-922, 2010.
    • (2010) Clim. Dynam. , vol.35 , pp. 907-922
    • Alo, C.A.1    Wang, G.2
  • 3
    • 84884226683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the land and ocean components of the global carbon cycle in the CMIP5 earth system models
    • Anav, A., Friedlingstein, P., Kidston, M., Bopp, L., Ciais, P., Cox, P., Jones, C., Jung, M., Myneni, R., and Zhu, Z.: Evaluating the Land and Ocean Components of the Global Carbon Cycle in the CMIP5 Earth System Models, J. Climate, 26, 6801-6843, doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00417.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 6801-6843
    • Anav, A.1    Friedlingstein, P.2    Kidston, M.3    Bopp, L.4    Ciais, P.5    Cox, P.6    Jones, C.7    Jung, M.8    Myneni, R.9    Zhu, Z.10
  • 5
    • 19044363129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global hydroclimatological teleconnections resulting from tropical deforestation
    • Avissar, R. and Werth, D.: Global hydroclimatological teleconnections resulting from tropical deforestation, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 134-145, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.6 , pp. 134-145
    • Avissar, R.1    Werth, D.2
  • 7
    • 81455158999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ratio of land to ocean temperature change under global warming
    • Boer, G.: The ratio of land to ocean temperature change under global warming, Clim. Dynam., 37, 2253-2270, 2011.
    • (2011) Clim. Dynam. , vol.37 , pp. 2253-2270
    • Boer, G.1
  • 8
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444-1449, 2008.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 11
    • 0035973143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic vs. ENSO
    • Camberlin, P., Janicot, S., and Poccard, I.: Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic vs. ENSO, Int. J. Climatol., 21, 973-1005, 2001.
    • (2001) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 973-1005
    • Camberlin, P.1    Janicot, S.2    Poccard, I.3
  • 12
    • 84981566015 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel
    • Charney, J. G.: Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 101, 193-202, 1975.
    • (1975) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 193-202
    • Charney, J.G.1
  • 13
    • 0028251287 scopus 로고
    • On coupling global biome models with climate models
    • Claussen, M.: On coupling global biome models with climate models, Climate Res., 4, 203-221, 1994.
    • (1994) Climate Res. , vol.4 , pp. 203-221
    • Claussen, M.1
  • 14
    • 0031453082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region
    • Claussen, M.: Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region, Clim. Dynam., 13, 247-257, 1997.
    • (1997) Clim. Dynam. , vol.13 , pp. 247-257
    • Claussen, M.1
  • 15
    • 0031873070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On multiple solutions of the atmosphere-vegetation system in present-day climate
    • Claussen, M.: On multiple solutions of the atmosphere-vegetation system in present-day climate, Glob. Change Biol., 4, 549-559, 1998.
    • (1998) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 549-559
    • Claussen, M.1
  • 16
    • 0031393784 scopus 로고
    • The Greening of the Sahara during the Mid-Holocene: Results of an Interactive Atmosphere-Biome Model
    • Claussen, M. and Gayler, V.: The Greening of the Sahara during the Mid-Holocene: Results of an Interactive Atmosphere-Biome Model, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett., 6, 369-377, doi:10.2307/2997337, 1977.
    • (1977) Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 369-377
    • Claussen, M.1    Gayler, V.2
  • 17
    • 84944600099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Congo Basin Walker circulation: Dynamics and connections to precipitation
    • Cook, K. H. and Vizy, E. K.: The Congo Basin Walker circulation: dynamics and connections to precipitation, Clim. Dynam., 1-21, doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2864-y, 2015.
    • (2015) Clim. Dynam. , pp. 1-21
    • Cook, K.H.1    Vizy, E.K.2
  • 18
    • 84872936765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of rainfall variability in western equatorial Africa to the tropical oceans and atmospheric circulation. Part II: The boreal autumn
    • Dezfuli, A. K. and Nicholson, S. E.: The relationship of rainfall variability in western equatorial Africa to the tropical oceans and atmospheric circulation. Part II: The boreal autumn, J. Climate, 26, 66-84, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 66-84
    • Dezfuli, A.K.1    Nicholson, S.E.2
  • 19
    • 27644485013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finescale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change
    • Diffenbaugh, N. S., Pal, J. S., Trapp, R. J., and Giorgi, F.: Finescale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 15774-15778, doi:10.1073/pnas.0506042102, 2005.
    • (2005) P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 15774-15778
    • Diffenbaugh, N.S.1    Pal, J.S.2    Trapp, R.J.3    Giorgi, F.4
  • 20
    • 77952882031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model
    • Döscher, R., Wyser, K., Meier, H. M., Qian, M., and Redler, R.: Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1157-1176, 2010.
    • (2010) Clim. Dynam. , vol.34 , pp. 1157-1176
    • Döscher, R.1    Wyser, K.2    Meier, H.M.3    Qian, M.4    Redler, R.5
  • 21
    • 0041382842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation index trends for the African Sahel 1982-1999
    • Eklundh, L. and Olsson, L.: Vegetation index trends for the African Sahel 1982-1999, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016772, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30
    • Eklundh, L.1    Olsson, L.2
  • 22
    • 0029731082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of vegetation in sustaining large-scale atmospheric circulations in the tropics
    • Eltahir, E. A.: Role of vegetation in sustaining large-scale atmospheric circulations in the tropics, J. GEophys. Res.-All Series, 101, 4255-4268, 1996.
    • (1996) J. GEophys. Res.-All Series , vol.101 , pp. 4255-4268
    • Eltahir, E.A.1
  • 23
    • 77958099032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust land-ocean contrasts in energy and water cycle feedbacks∗
    • Fasullo, J. T.: Robust Land-Ocean Contrasts in Energy and Water Cycle Feedbacks∗, J. Climate, 23, 4677-4693, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 4677-4693
    • Fasullo, J.T.1
  • 24
    • 33747766178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced detectability of added value in limited-area model results separated into different spatial scales
    • Feser, F.: Enhanced detectability of added value in limited-area model results separated into different spatial scales, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2180-2190, 2006.
    • (2006) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2180-2190
    • Feser, F.1
  • 25
    • 0242410711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales
    • Giannini, A., Saravanan, R., and Chang, P.: Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales, Science, 302, 1027-1030, 2003.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1027-1030
    • Giannini, A.1    Saravanan, R.2    Chang, P.3
  • 26
    • 33644625395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the boreal summer African monsoon in the NSIPP1 atmospheric model
    • Giannini, A., Saravanan, R., and Chang, P.: Dynamics of the boreal summer African monsoon in the NSIPP1 atmospheric model, Clim. Dynam., 25, 517-535, 2005.
    • (2005) Clim. Dynam. , vol.25 , pp. 517-535
    • Giannini, A.1    Saravanan, R.2    Chang, P.3
  • 27
    • 0029487110 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives for regional earth system modeling
    • Giorgi, F.: Perspectives for regional earth system modeling, Global Planet. Change, 10, 23-42, 1995.
    • (1995) Global Planet. Change , vol.10 , pp. 23-42
    • Giorgi, F.1
  • 29
    • 84896707401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - The CRU TS3.10 Dataset
    • (Datasets: CRU TS3.23: Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series (TS) Version 3.23 of High Resolution Gridded Data of Month-by-month Variation in Climate (January 1901-December 2014), retrieved from last access: May 2016)
    • Harris, I., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., and Lister, D. H.: Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711, 2014. (Datasets: CRU TS3.23: Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series (TS) Version 3.23 of High Resolution Gridded Data of Month-by-month Variation in Climate (January 1901-December 2014), retrieved from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru-ts-3.23/cruts.1506241137.v3.23/, last access: May 2016)
    • (2014) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.34 , pp. 623-642
    • Harris, I.1    Jones, P.D.2    Osborn, T.J.3    Lister, D.H.4
  • 30
    • 27744606834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate
    • Herrmann, S. M., Anyamba, A., and Tucker, C. J.: Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate, Glob. Environ. Change, 15, 394-404, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.08.004, 2005.
    • (2005) Glob. Environ. Change , vol.15 , pp. 394-404
    • Herrmann, S.M.1    Anyamba, A.2    Tucker, C.J.3
  • 32
    • 44849099058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CO(2) fertilization in temperate FACE experiments not representative of boreal and tropical forests
    • Hickler, T., Smith, B., Prentice, I. C., Mjofors, K., Miller, P., Arneth, A., and Sykes, M. T.: CO(2) fertilization in temperate FACE experiments not representative of boreal and tropical forests, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 1531-1542, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01598.x, 2008.
    • (2008) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1531-1542
    • Hickler, T.1    Smith, B.2    Prentice, I.C.3    Mjofors, K.4    Miller, P.5    Arneth, A.6    Sykes, M.T.7
  • 33
    • 83355167104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projecting the future distribution of European potential natural vegetation zones with a generalized, tree species-based dynamic vegetation model
    • Hickler, T., Vohland, K., Feehan, J., Miller, P. A., Smith, B., Costa, L., Giesecke, T., Fronzek, S., Carter, T. R., and Cramer, W.: Projecting the future distribution of European potential natural vegetation zones with a generalized, tree species-based dynamic vegetation model, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 21, 50-63, 2012.
    • (2012) Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. , vol.21 , pp. 50-63
    • Hickler, T.1    Vohland, K.2    Feehan, J.3    Miller, P.A.4    Smith, B.5    Costa, L.6    Giesecke, T.7    Fronzek, S.8    Carter, T.R.9    Cramer, W.10
  • 35
    • 0035530985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations
    • Datasets: GPCP 1-Degree Daily Combination (Version 1.2), retrieved from, last access: May 2016
    • Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Morrissey, M. M., Bolvin, D. T., Curtis, S., Joyce, R., McGavock, B., and Susskind, J.: Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations, J. Hydrometeorol., 2, 36-50, 2001. (Datasets: GPCP 1-Degree Daily Combination (Version 1.2), retrieved from http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov/gpcp-daily-comb.html, last access: May 2016)
    • (2001) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.2 , pp. 36-50
    • Huffman, G.J.1    Adler, R.F.2    Morrissey, M.M.3    Bolvin, D.T.4    Curtis, S.5    Joyce, R.6    McGavock, B.7    Susskind, J.8
  • 36
    • 84888086804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated mapping of vegetation trends with polynomials using NDVI imagery over the Sahel
    • Jamali, S., Seaquist, J., Eklundh, L., and Ardö, J.: Automated mapping of vegetation trends with polynomials using NDVI imagery over the Sahel, Remote Sens. Environ., 141, 79-89, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.10.019, 2014.
    • (2014) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.141 , pp. 79-89
    • Jamali, S.1    Seaquist, J.2    Eklundh, L.3    Ardö, J.4
  • 37
    • 84860687058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment: CORDEX-an international downscaling link to CMIP5
    • Jones, C., Giorgi, F., and Asrar, G.: The Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment: CORDEX-an international downscaling link to CMIP5, Clivar Exchanges, 16, 34-40, 2011.
    • (2011) Clivar Exchanges , vol.16 , pp. 34-40
    • Jones, C.1    Giorgi, F.2    Asrar, G.3
  • 38
    • 39349109784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for the land/sea warming contrast exhibited by simulations of climate change
    • Joshi, M. M., Gregory, J. M.,Webb, M. J., Sexton, D. M., and Johns, T. C.: Mechanisms for the land/sea warming contrast exhibited by simulations of climate change, Clim. Dynam., 30, 455-465, 2008.
    • (2008) Clim. Dynam. , vol.30 , pp. 455-465
    • Joshi, M.M.1    Gregory, J.M.2    Webb, M.J.3    Sexton, D.M.4    Johns, T.C.5
  • 40
    • 77954167215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2] as a driver of past and current changes in savanna tree cover
    • 2] as a driver of past and current changes in savanna tree cover, Austral Ecology, 35, 451-463, 2010.
    • (2010) Austral Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 451-463
    • Kgope, B.S.1    Bond, W.J.2    Midgley, G.F.3
  • 42
    • 78650100349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 21st century changes in the European climate: Uncertainties derived from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations
    • Kjellström, E., Nikulin, G., Hansson, U., Strandberg, G., and Ullerstig, A.: 21st century changes in the European climate: uncertainties derived from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations, Tellus A, 63, 24-40, 2011.
    • (2011) Tellus A , vol.63 , pp. 24-40
    • Kjellström, E.1    Nikulin, G.2    Hansson, U.3    Strandberg, G.4    Ullerstig, A.5
  • 43
    • 84874305399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A further assessment of vegetation feedback on decadal Sahel rainfall variability
    • Kucharski, F., Zeng, N., and Kalnay, E.: A further assessment of vegetation feedback on decadal Sahel rainfall variability, Clim. Dynam., 40, 1453-1466, 2013.
    • (2013) Clim. Dynam. , vol.40 , pp. 1453-1466
    • Kucharski, F.1    Zeng, N.2    Kalnay, E.3
  • 44
    • 34548655575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of land-ocean temperature contrast by ocean heat uptake
    • Lambert, F. H. and Chiang, J. C.: Control of land-ocean temperature contrast by ocean heat uptake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, doi:10.1029/2007GL029755, 2007.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Lambert, F.H.1    Chiang, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 79960337918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between land-ocean surface temperature contrast and radiative forcing
    • Lambert, F. H., Webb, M. J., and Joshi, M. M.: The relationship between land-ocean surface temperature contrast and radiative forcing, J. Climate, 24, 3239-3256, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3239-3256
    • Lambert, F.H.1    Webb, M.J.2    Joshi, M.M.3
  • 46
    • 84916237434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical simulations of north Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using observed lowfrequency SST oscillation imposed on CMIP5 Model RCP4. 5 SST projections
    • LaRow, T. E., Stefanova, L., and Seitz, C.: Dynamical simulations of north Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using observed lowfrequency SST oscillation imposed on CMIP5 Model RCP4. 5 SST projections, J. Climate, 27, 8055-8069, 2014.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 8055-8069
    • LaRow, T.E.1    Stefanova, L.2    Seitz, C.3
  • 47
    • 84924558385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture
    • Lawrence, D. and Vandecar, K.: Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture, Nature Climate Change, 5, 27-36, 2015.
    • (2015) Nature Climate Change , vol.5 , pp. 27-36
    • Lawrence, D.1    Vandecar, K.2
  • 48
    • 84893452566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of accounting for land use in simulations of ecosystem carbon cycling in Africa
    • Lindeskog, M., Arneth, A., Bondeau, A., Waha, K., Seaquist, J., Olin, S., and Smith, B.: Implications of accounting for land use in simulations of ecosystem carbon cycling in Africa, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 385-407, doi:10.5194/esd-4-385-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Earth Syst. Dynam. , vol.4 , pp. 385-407
    • Lindeskog, M.1    Arneth, A.2    Bondeau, A.3    Waha, K.4    Seaquist, J.5    Olin, S.6    Smith, B.7
  • 50
    • 84989078087 scopus 로고
    • 2 concentrations: Has its importance been underestimated?
    • 2 concentrations: has its importance been underestimated?, Plant, Cell Environ., 14, 729-739, 1991.
    • (1991) Plant, Cell Environ. , vol.14 , pp. 729-739
    • Long, S.1
  • 52
    • 33846202493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in European ecosystem productivity and carbon balance driven by regional climate model output
    • Morales, P., Hickler, T., Rowell, D. P., Smith, B., and Sykes, M. T.: Changes in European ecosystem productivity and carbon balance driven by regional climate model output, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 108-122, 2007.
    • (2007) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 108-122
    • Morales, P.1    Hickler, T.2    Rowell, D.P.3    Smith, B.4    Sykes, M.T.5
  • 54
    • 0141593897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seasonal evolution of the atmospheric circulation over West Africa and equatorial Africa
    • Nicholson, S. E. and Grist, J. P.: The seasonal evolution of the atmospheric circulation over West Africa and equatorial Africa, J. Climate, 16, 1013-1030, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1013-1030
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Grist, J.P.2
  • 56
  • 57
    • 22244479726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recent greening of the Sahel-trends, patterns and potential causes
    • Olsson, L., Eklundh, L., and Ardö, J.: A recent greening of the Sahel-trends, patterns and potential causes, J. Arid Environ., 63, 556-566, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Arid Environ. , vol.63 , pp. 556-566
    • Olsson, L.1    Eklundh, L.2    Ardö, J.3
  • 58
    • 84901856791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of processes driving lowlevel westerlies in West Equatorial Africa
    • Pokam, W. M., Bain, C. L., Chadwick, R. S., Graham, R., Sonwa, D. J., and Kamga, F. M.: Identification of processes driving lowlevel westerlies in West Equatorial Africa, J. Climate, 27, 4245-4262, 2014.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 4245-4262
    • Pokam, W.M.1    Bain, C.L.2    Chadwick, R.S.3    Graham, R.4    Sonwa, D.J.5    Kamga, F.M.6
  • 59
    • 0742305193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
    • Datasets: Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HadISST), retrieved from last access: May 2016
    • Rayner, N., Parker, D. E., Horton, E., Folland, C., Alexander, L., Rowell, D., Kent, E., and Kaplan, A.: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670, 2003. (Datasets: Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HadISST), retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/, last access: May 2016)
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.108
    • Rayner, N.1    Parker, D.E.2    Horton, E.3    Folland, C.4    Alexander, L.5    Rowell, D.6    Kent, E.7    Kaplan, A.8
  • 60
    • 0035390252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and the Sahel
    • Rowell, D. P.: Teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and the Sahel, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1683-1706, 2001.
    • (2001) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 1683-1706
    • Rowell, D.P.1
  • 61
    • 84876894475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating SST teleconnections to Africa: What is the state of the art?
    • Rowell, D. P.: Simulating SST teleconnections to Africa: What is the state of the art?, J. Climate, 26, 5397-5418, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 5397-5418
    • Rowell, D.P.1
  • 64
    • 70549088568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The land-surface scheme of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model (RCA3)
    • Norrkoping, Sweden
    • Samuelsson, P., Gollvik, S., and Ullerstig, A.: The land-surface scheme of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model (RCA3), SMHI, 122, Norrkoping, Sweden, 2006.
    • (2006) SMHI , vol.122
    • Samuelsson, P.1    Gollvik, S.2    Ullerstig, A.3
  • 67
    • 27144524113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 years
    • Schefuß, E., Schouten, S., and Schneider, R. R.: Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 years, Nature, 437, 1003-1006, 2005.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Schefuß, E.1    Schouten, S.2    Schneider, R.R.3
  • 68
    • 68549125407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: An adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach
    • Scheiter, S. and Higgins, S. I.: Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2224-2246, 2009.
    • (2009) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 2224-2246
    • Scheiter, S.1    Higgins, S.I.2
  • 70
    • 0035176885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of vegetation dynamics in the modelling of terrestrial ecosystems: Comparing two contrasting approaches within European climate space
    • Smith, B., Prentice, I. C., and Sykes, M. T.: Representation of vegetation dynamics in the modelling of terrestrial ecosystems: comparing two contrasting approaches within European climate space, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 10, 621-637, doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.t01-1-00256.x, 2001.
    • (2001) Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. , vol.10 , pp. 621-637
    • Smith, B.1    Prentice, I.C.2    Sykes, M.T.3
  • 71
    • 78650116924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of the coupled dynamics of climate, vegetation and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry for regional applications
    • Smith, B., Samuelsson, P., Wramneby, A., and Rummukainen, M.: A model of the coupled dynamics of climate, vegetation and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry for regional applications, Tellus A, 63, 87-106, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00477.x, 2011.
    • (2011) Tellus A , vol.63 , pp. 87-106
    • Smith, B.1    Samuelsson, P.2    Wramneby, A.3    Rummukainen, M.4
  • 72
    • 84898455144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individualbased dynamic vegetation model
    • Smith, B., Warlind, D., Arneth, A., Hickler, T., Leadley, P., Siltberg, J., and Zaehle, S.: Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individualbased dynamic vegetation model, Biogeosciences, 11, 2027-2054, doi:10.5194/bg-11-2027-2014, 2014.
    • (2014) Biogeosciences , vol.11 , pp. 2027-2054
    • Smith, B.1    Warlind, D.2    Arneth, A.3    Hickler, T.4    Leadley, P.5    Siltberg, J.6    Zaehle, S.7
  • 73
    • 78650126991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer soil-precipitation coupling in South America
    • Sörensson, A. A. and Menéndez, C. G.: Summer soil-precipitation coupling in South America, Tellus A, 63, 56-68, 2011.
    • (2011) Tellus A , vol.63 , pp. 56-68
    • Sörensson, A.A.1    Menéndez, C.G.2
  • 74
    • 0347146024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The West African monsoon dynamics. Part II: The "preonset" and "onset" of the summer monsoon
    • Sultan, B. and Janicot, S.: The West African monsoon dynamics. Part II: The "preonset" and "onset" of the summer monsoon, J. Climate, 16, 3407-3427, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 3407-3427
    • Sultan, B.1    Janicot, S.2
  • 75
    • 34250182206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations
    • Sutton, R. T., Dong, B., and Gregory, J. M.: Land/sea warming ratio in response to climate change: IPCC AR4 model results and comparison with observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, doi:10.1029/2006GL028164, 2007.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Sutton, R.T.1    Dong, B.2    Gregory, J.M.3
  • 76
    • 80052519324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of deep convection on theWest African summer monsoon climate: A regional climate model sensitivity study
    • Sylla, M., Giorgi, F., Ruti, P., Calmanti, S., and Dell'Aquila, A.: The impact of deep convection on theWest African summer monsoon climate: a regional climate model sensitivity study, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1417-1430, 2011.
    • (2011) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 1417-1430
    • Sylla, M.1    Giorgi, F.2    Ruti, P.3    Calmanti, S.4    Dell'Aquila, A.5
  • 78
    • 0031429714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: Coupled model simulations for 6000 years BP and comparison with palaeodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa
    • Texier, D., De Noblet, N., Harrison, S., Haxeltine, A., Jolly, D., Joussaume, S., Laarif, F., Prentice, I., and Tarasov, P.: Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: coupled model simulations for 6000 years BP and comparison with palaeodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa, Clim. Dynam., 13, 865-881, 1997.
    • (1997) Clim. Dynam. , vol.13 , pp. 865-881
    • Texier, D.1    De Noblet, N.2    Harrison, S.3    Haxeltine, A.4    Jolly, D.5    Joussaume, S.6    Laarif, F.7    Prentice, I.8    Tarasov, P.9
  • 79
    • 0035176379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: Coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
    • Thonicke, K., Venevsky, S., Sitch, S., and Cramer, W.: The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 10, 661-677, doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00175.x, 2001.
    • (2001) Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. , vol.10 , pp. 661-677
    • Thonicke, K.1    Venevsky, S.2    Sitch, S.3    Cramer, W.4
  • 80
    • 84869063809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowdown of the Walker circulation driven by tropical Indo-Pacific warming
    • Tokinaga, H., Xie, S.-P., Deser, C., Kosaka, Y., and Okumura, Y. M.: Slowdown of the Walker circulation driven by tropical Indo-Pacific warming, Nature, 491, 439-443, 2012.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , pp. 439-443
    • Tokinaga, H.1    Xie, S.-P.2    Deser, C.3    Kosaka, Y.4    Okumura, Y.M.5
  • 81
    • 84865416549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in precipitation seasonality in West Africa predicted by RegCM3 and the impact of dynamic vegetation feedback
    • Wang, G. and Alo, C. A.: Changes in precipitation seasonality in West Africa predicted by RegCM3 and the impact of dynamic vegetation feedback, International J. Geophys., 2012, doi:10.1155/2012/597205, 2012.
    • (2012) International J. Geophys. , vol.2012
    • Wang, G.1    Alo, C.A.2
  • 82
    • 0034080356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosphere-atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria
    • Wang, G. and Eltahir, E. A.: Biosphere-atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 1261-1280, 2000.
    • (2000) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 1261-1280
    • Wang, G.1    Eltahir, E.A.2
  • 83
    • 3142600878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability of rainfall in the Sahel: Results from the coupled GENESIS-IBIS atmosphere-biosphere model
    • Wang, G., Eltahir, E., Foley, J., Pollard, D., and Levis, S.: Decadal variability of rainfall in the Sahel: results from the coupled GENESIS-IBIS atmosphere-biosphere model, Clim. Dynam., 22, 625-637, 2004.
    • (2004) Clim. Dynam. , vol.22 , pp. 625-637
    • Wang, G.1    Eltahir, E.2    Foley, J.3    Pollard, D.4    Levis, S.5
  • 84
    • 84898401361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen feedbacks increase future terrestrial ecosystem carbon uptake in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model
    • Warlind, D., Smith, B., Hickler, T., and Arneth, A.: Nitrogen feedbacks increase future terrestrial ecosystem carbon uptake in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model, Biogeosciences, 11, 6131-6146, doi:10.5194/bg-11-6131-2014, 2014.
    • (2014) Biogeosciences , vol.11 , pp. 6131-6146
    • Warlind, D.1    Smith, B.2    Hickler, T.3    Arneth, A.4
  • 86
    • 78649348280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of vegetation-climate feedbacks under future greenhouse forcing in Europe
    • Wramneby, A., Smith, B., and Samuelsson, P.: Hot spots of vegetation-climate feedbacks under future greenhouse forcing in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21119, doi:10.1029/2010jd014307, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115 , pp. D21119
    • Wramneby, A.1    Smith, B.2    Samuelsson, P.3
  • 88
    • 84939872321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing southeast tropical Atlantic SST and ocean circulation biases in the CMIP5 ensemble
    • Xu, Z., Chang, P., Richter, I., and Tang, G.: Diagnosing southeast tropical Atlantic SST and ocean circulation biases in the CMIP5 ensemble, Clim. Dynam., 43, 3123-3145, 2014.
    • (2014) Clim. Dynam. , vol.43 , pp. 3123-3145
    • Xu, Z.1    Chang, P.2    Richter, I.3    Tang, G.4
  • 89
    • 0032756442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate
    • Young, I.: Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate, Int. J. Climatol., 19, 931-950, 1999.
    • (1999) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.19 , pp. 931-950
    • Young, I.1
  • 90
    • 84939629365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vegetation feedback on future climate change over West Africa
    • Yu, M., Wang, G., and Pal, J. S.: Effects of vegetation feedback on future climate change over West Africa, Clim. Dynam., 46, 3669-3688, doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2795-7, 2015.
    • (2015) Clim. Dynam. , vol.46 , pp. 3669-3688
    • Yu, M.1    Wang, G.2    Pal, J.S.3
  • 91
    • 0033584784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction
    • Zeng, N., Neelin, J. D., Lau, K.-M., and Tucker, C. J.: Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction, Science, 286, 1537-1540, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1537-1540
    • Zeng, N.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Lau, K.-M.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 92
    • 84907942301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeophysical feedbacks enhance the Arctic terrestrial carbon sink in regional Earth system dynamics
    • Zhang, W., Jansson, C., Miller, P. A., Smith, B., and Samuelsson, P.: Biogeophysical feedbacks enhance the Arctic terrestrial carbon sink in regional Earth system dynamics, Biogeosciences, 11, 5503-5519, doi:10.5194/bg-11-5503-2014, 2014.
    • (2014) Biogeosciences , vol.11 , pp. 5503-5519
    • Zhang, W.1    Jansson, C.2    Miller, P.A.3    Smith, B.4    Samuelsson, P.5
  • 94
    • 84874766198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global data sets of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) 3g and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) 3g derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) for the period 1981 to 2011
    • (Datasets: 30+ Years of LAI3g and FPAR3g Data Sets, retrieved from last access: May 2016)
    • Zhu, Z., Bi, J., Pan, Y., Ganguly, S., Anav, A., Xu, L., Samanta, A., Piao, S., Nemani, R. R., and Myneni, R. B.: Global data sets of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) 3g and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) 3g derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) for the period 1981 to 2011, Remote Sensing, 5, 927-948, 2013. (Datasets: 30+ Years of LAI3g and FPAR3g Data Sets, retrieved from http://cliveg.bu. edu/modismisr/lai3g-fpar3g.html, last access: May 2016)
    • (2013) Remote Sensing , vol.5 , pp. 927-948
    • Zhu, Z.1    Bi, J.2    Pan, Y.3    Ganguly, S.4    Anav, A.5    Xu, L.6    Samanta, A.7    Piao, S.8    Nemani, R.R.9    Myneni, R.B.10


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.