Genomic insights into the atopic eczema-associated skin commensal yeast Malassezia sympodialis

mBio

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Gioti, Anastasia ^a   Nystedt, Björn ^b   Li, Wenjun ^c   Xu, Jun ^d   Andersson, Anna ^a   Averette, Anna F ^c   Münch, Karin ^e   Wang, Xuying ^c   Kappauf, Catharine ^c   Kingsbury, Joanne M ^c   Kraak, Bart ^f   Walker, Louise A ^g   Johansson, Henrik J ^a   Holm, Tina ^a   Lehtiö, Janne ^a   Stajich, Jason E ^h   Mieczkowski, Piotr ⁱ   Kahmann, Regine ^e   Kennell, John C ^j   Cardenas, Maria E ^c   Lundeberg, Joakim ^k   Saunders, Charles W ^d   Boekhout, Teun ^f,l   Dawson, Thomas L ^d   Munro, Carol A ^g   de Groot, Piet W J ^m   Butler, Geraldine ⁿ   Heitman, Joseph ^c   Scheynius, Annika ^a   more..

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b SCIENCE FOR LIFE LABORATORY   (Sweden)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

^e MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR TERRESTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY   (Germany)

^f CBS KNAW FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY CENTRE   (Netherlands)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^j SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^l UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^m UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA MANCHA   (Spain)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOPHILIN A; DRUG ANALYSIS; FUNGAL DNA; FUNGAL PROTEIN; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; PROTEOME;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; ATP9 GENE; CHEMISTRY; COB GENE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COX1 GENE; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DNA SEQUENCE; EXON; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG; FATTY ACID SYNTHASE GENE; FUNGAL CELL WALL; FUNGAL GENE; FUNGAL GENOME; FUNGAL METABOLISM; GENE LOCUS; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETICS; GENOME SIZE; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LIPOGENESIS; MALASSEZIA; MALASSEZIA SYMPODIALIS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEIOSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REPRODUCTION; RNL GENE; SKIN; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SYNTENY;

ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; DNA, FUNGAL; FUNGAL PROTEINS; GENETICS; GENOME, FUNGAL; HUMANS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALASSEZIA; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROTEOME; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; SKIN;

IM; MLCS; MLOWN; NLM;

EID: 84979830712     PISSN: 21612129     EISSN: 21507511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00572-12     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Nagata R, et al. 2012. Transmission of the major skin microbiota, Malassezia, from mother to neonate. Pediatr. Int. 54:350-355.
2. Ashbee HR, Scheynius A. 2010. Malassezia, p 209-230. In Ashbee HR, Bignell EM (ed), Pathogenic yeasts. The yeast handbook. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
3. Saunders CW, Scheynius A, Heitman J. 2012. Malassezia fungi are specialized to live on skin and associated with dandruff, eczema, and other skin diseases. PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371 /journal.ppat.1002701.
4. Hort W, Mayser P. 2011. Malassezia virulence determinants. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 24:100-105.
5. Mittag H. 1995. Fine structural investigation of Malassezia furfur. II. The envelope of the yeast cells. Mycoses 38:13-21.
6. Xu J, et al. 2007. Dandruff-associated Malassezia genomes reveal convergent and divergent virulence traits shared with plant and human fungal pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:18730-18735.
7. Feldbrügge M, Kämper J, Steinberg G, Kahmann R. 2004. Regulation of mating and pathogenic development in Ustilago maydis. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7:666-672.
8. Bieber T. 2008. Mechanisms of disease: atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 358:1483-1494.
9. Scheynius A, Crameri R. 2010. Malassezia in atopic eczema/dermatitis, p 212-228. In Boekhout T, Guého-Kellerman E, Mayser P, Velegraki A (ed), Malassezia and the skin. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
10. Casagrande BF, et al. 2006. Sensitization to the yeast Malassezia sympodialis is specific for extrinsic and intrinsic atopic eczema. J. Invest. Dermatol. 126:2414-2421.
11. Akdis CA, et al. 2006. Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/ PRACTALL Consensus report. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118:152-169.
12. Selander C, Zargari A, Möllby R, Rasool O, Scheynius A. 2006. Higher pH level, corresponding to that on the skin of patients with atopic eczema, stimulates the release of Malassezia sympodialis allergens. Allergy 61:1002-1008.
13. Parra G, Bradnam K, Korf I. 2007. CEGMA: a pipeline to accurately annotate core genes in eukaryotic genomes. Bioinformatics 23: 1061-1067.
14. Sugita T, et al. 2010. Epidemiology of Malassezia-related skin diseases, p 65-119. In Boekhout T, Guého-Kellerman E, Mayser P, Velegraki A (ed), Malassezia and the skin. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
15. Kämper J, et al. 2006. Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Nature 444:97-101.
16. Laurie JD, et al. 2012. Genome comparison of barley and maize smut fungi reveals targeted loss of RNA silencing components and speciesspecific presence of transposable elements. Plant Cell 24:1733-1745.
17. Schirawski J, et al. 2010. Pathogenicity determinants in smut fungi revealed by genome comparison. Science 330:1546-1548.
18. Bock R. 2007. Structure, function, and inheritance of plastid genomes, p 29-63. In Bock R (ed), Cell and molecular biology of plastids. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
19. Valach M, et al. 2011. Evolution of linear chromosomes and multipartite genomes in yeast mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 39:4202-4219.
20. Gerhold JM, Aun A, Sedman T, Jõers P, Sedman J. 2010. Strand invasion structures in the inverted repeat of Candida albicans mitochondrial DNA reveal a role for homologous recombination in replication. Mol. Cell 39:851-861.
21. Ma H, et al. 2009. The fatal fungal outbreak on Vancouver Island is characterized by enhanced intracellular parasitism driven by mitochondrial regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106:12980-12985.
22. Olson A, Stenlid J. 2001. Plant pathogens: mitochondrial control of fungal hybrid virulence. Nature 411:438.
23. Qu Y, et al. 2012. Mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery subunit Sam37 in Candida albicans: insight into the roles of mitochondria in fitness, cell wall integrity, and virulence. Eukaryot. Cell 11:532-544.
24. Guého E, Midgley G, Guillot J. 1996. The genus Malassezia with description of four new species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 69:337-355.
25. Guého-Kellerman E, Boekhout T, Begerow D. 2010. Biodiversity, phylogeny and ultrastructure, p 17-76. In Boekhout T, Guého-Kellerman E, Mayser P, Velegraki A (ed), Malassezia and the skin. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
26. Baker LG, Specht CA, Donlin MJ, Lodge JK. 2007. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, is necessary for cell wall integrity in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 6:855-867.
27. De Groot PW, Ram AF, Klis FM. 2005. Features and functions of covalently linked proteins in fungal cell walls. Fungal Genet. Biol. 42: 657-675.
28. Butler G, et al. 2009. Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes. Nature 459:657-662.
29. Kruppa MD, et al. 2009. Identification of (1¡6)-beta-D-glucan as the major carbohydrate component of the Malassezia sympodialis cell wall. Carbohydr. Res. 344:2474-2479.
30. De Groot PW, Hellingwerf KJ, Klis FM. 2003. Genome-wide identification of fungal GPI proteins. Yeast 20:781-796.
31. Walker CA, et al. 2010. Melanin externalization in Candida albicans depends on cell wall chitin structures. Eukaryot. Cell 9:1329-1342.
32. Schmidt M, et al. 1997. The complete cDNA sequence and expression of the first major allergenic protein of Malassezia furfur, Mal f 1. Eur. J. Biochem. 246:181-185.
33. Zargari A, et al. 2007. Mala s 12 is a major allergen in patients with atopic eczema and has sequence similarities to theGMCoxidoreductase family. Allergy 62:695-703.
34. Vilhelmsson M, et al. 2007. Crystal structure of the major Malassezia sympodialis allergen Mala s 1 reveals a beta-propeller fold: a novel fold among allergens. J. Mol. Biol. 369:1079-1086.
35. Skibbe DS, Doehlemann G, Fernandes J, Walbot V. 2010. Maize tumors caused by Ustilago maydis require organ-specific genes in host and pathogen. Science 328:89-92.
36. Zargari A, Emilson A, Halldén G, Johansson S, Scheynius A. 1997. Cell surface expression of two major yeast allergens in the pityrosporum genus. Clin. Exp. Allergy 27:584-592.
37. Dyer RB, Plattner RD, Kendra DF, Brown DW. 2005. Fusarium graminearum TRI14 is required for high virulence and DON production on wheat but not for DON synthesis in vitro. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 9281-9287.
38. Andersson A, Scheynius A, Rasool O. 2003. Detection of Mala f and Mala s allergen sequences within the genus Malassezia. Med. Mycol. 41: 479-485.
39. Rasool O, et al. 2000. Cloning, characterization and expression of complete coding sequences of three IgE binding Malassezia furfur allergens, Mal f 7, Mal f 8 and Mal f 9. Eur. J. Biochem. 267:4355-4361.
40. Yang Z. 2007. PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1586-1591.
41. Yang Z. 1997. PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 13:555-556.
42. Glaser AG, et al. 2006. Analysis of the cross-reactivity and of the 1.5 Å crystal structure of the Malassezia sympodialis Mala s 6 allergen, a member of the cyclophilin pan-allergen family. Biochem. J. 396:41-49.
43. Lindborg M, et al. 1999. Selective cloning of allergens from the skin colonizing yeast Malassezia furfur by phage surface display technology. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113:156-161.
44. Wang P, Cardenas ME, Cox GM, Perfect JR, Heitman J. 2001. Two cyclophilin A homologs with shared and distinct functions important for growth and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO Rep. 2:511-518.
45. Heitman J, Koller A, Cardenas ME, Hall MN. 1993. Identification of immunosuppressive drug targets in yeast. Methods 5:176-187.
46. Kües U, James TY, Heitman J. 2011. Mating type in basidiomycetes: unipolar, bipolar, and tetrapolar patterns of sexuality, p 97-160. In Pöggeler S, Wöstemeyer J (ed), Evolution of fungi and fungal-like organisms, vol 14. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
47. Bakkeren G, Kämper J, Schirawski J. 2008. Sex in smut fungi: structure, function and evolution of mating-type complexes. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45(Suppl 1):S15-S21.
48. Coelho MA, Sampaio JP, Gonçalves P. 2010. A deviation from the bipolar-tetrapolar mating paradigm in an early diverged basidiomycete. PLoS Genet. 6:e1001052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001052.
49. Kellner R, Vollmeister E, Feldbrügge M, Begerow D. 2011. Interspecific sex in grass Smuts and the genetic diversity of their pheromone-receptor system. PLoS Genet. 7:e1002436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002436.
50. Schirawski J, Heinze B, Wagenknecht M, Kahmann R. 2005. Mating type loci of Sporisorium reilianum: novel pattern with three a and multiple b specificities. Eukaryot. Cell 4:1317-1327.
51. Urban M, Kahmann R, Bölker M. 1996. The biallelic a mating type locus of Ustilago maydis: remnants of an additional pheromone gene indicate evolution from a multiallelic ancestor. Mol. Gen. Genet. 250:414-420.
52. Fedler M, Luh KS, Stelter K, Nieto-Jacobo F, Basse CW. 2009. The a2 mating-type locus genes lga2 and rga2 direct uniparental mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance and constrain mtDNA recombination during sexual development of Ustilago maydis. Genetics 181:847-860.
53. Mahlert M, Vogler C, Stelter K, Hause G, Basse CW. 2009. The a2 mating-type-locus gene lga2 of Ustilago maydis interferes with mitochondrial dynamics and fusion, partially in dependence on a Dnm1-like fission component. J. Cell Sci. 122(Pt 14):2402-2412.
54. Schulz B, et al. 1990. The b alleles of U. maydis, whose combinations program pathogenic development, code for polypeptides containing a homeodomain-related motif. Cell 60:295-306.
55. Kämper J, Reichmann M, Romeis T, Bölker M, Kahmann R. 1995. Multiallelic recognition: nonself-dependent dimerization of the bE and bW homeodomain proteins in Ustilago maydis. Cell 81:73-83.
56. Lee N, Bakkeren G, Wong K, Sherwood JE, Kronstad JW. 1999. The mating-type and pathogenicity locus of the fungus Ustilago hordei spans a 500-kb region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:15026-15031.
57. Bölker M, Urban M, Kahmann R. 1992. The a mating type locus of U. maydis specifies cell signaling components. Cell 68:441-450.
58. Bakkeren G, et al. 2006. Mating factor linkage and genome evolution in basidiomycetous pathogens of cereals. Fungal Genet. Biol. 43:655-666.
59. Bakkeren G, Kronstad JW. 1994. Linkage of mating-type loci distinguishes bipolar from tetrapolar mating in basidiomycetous smut fungi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91:7085-7089.
60. Hsueh YP, Heitman J. 2008. Orchestration of sexual reproduction and virulence by the fungal mating-type locus. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11: 517-524.
61. Regenfelder E, et al. 1997. G proteins in Ustilago maydis: transmission of multiple signals? EMBO J. 16:1934-1942.
62. Li L, Wright SJ, Krystofova S, Park G, Borkovich KA. 2007. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling in filamentous fungi. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 61:423-452.
63. Li L, et al. 2007. Canonical heterotrimeric G proteins regulating mating and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol. Biol. Cell 18:4201-4209.
64. Whiteway M, et al. 1989. The STE4 and STE18 genes of yeast encode potential β and γ subunits of the mating factor receptor-coupled G protein. Cell 56:467-477.
65. Wang L, Berndt P, Xia X, Kahnt J, Kahmann R. 2011. A seven-WD40 protein related to human RACK1 regulates mating and virulence in Ustilago maydis. Mol. Microbiol. 81:1484-1498.
66. Schurko AM, Logsdon JM. 2008. Using a meiosis detection toolkit to investigate ancient asexual "scandals" and the evolution of sex. Bioessays 30:579-589.
67. Malik SB, Pightling AW, Stefaniak LM, Schurko AM, Logsdon JM, Jr. 2008. An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas vaginalis. PLoS One 3:e2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002879.
68. Masson JY, West SC. 2001. The Rad51 and Dmc1 recombinases: a non-identical twin relationship. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:131-136.
69. Reedy JL, Floyd AM, Heitman J. 2009. Mechanistic plasticity of sexual reproduction and meiosis in the Candida pathogenic species complex. Curr. Biol. 19:891-899.
70. Hayase A, et al. 2004. A protein complex containing Mei5 and Sae3 promotes the assembly of the meiosis-specific RecA homolog Dmc1. Cell 119:927-940.
71. Tsubouchi H, Roeder GS. 2004. The budding yeast Mei5 and Sae3 proteins act together with Dmc1 during meiotic recombination. Genetics 168:1219-1230.
72. Villeneuve AM, Hillers KJ. 2001. Whence meiosis? Cell 106:647-650.
73. Malik SB, Ramesh MA, Hulstrand AM, Logsdon JM. 2007. Protist homologs of the meiotic Spo11 gene and topoisomerase VI reveal an evolutionary history of gene duplication and lineage-specific loss. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:2827-2841.
74. Buonomo SB, et al. 2000. Disjunction of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I depends on proteolytic cleavage of the meiotic cohesin Rec8 by separin. Cell 103:387-398.
75. Xu H, et al. 2004. A new role for the mitotic RAD21/SCC1 cohesin in meiotic chromosome cohesion and segregation in the mouse. EMBO Rep. 5:378-384.
76. Prieto I, et al. 2002. STAG2 and Rad21 mammalian mitotic cohesins are implicated in meiosis. EMBO Rep. 3:543-550.
77. Donaldson ME, Saville BJ. 2008. Bioinformatic identification of Ustilago maydis meiosis genes. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45(Suppl 1):S47-S53.
78. Holloman WK, Schirawski J, Holliday R. 2008. The homologous re-combination system of Ustilago maydis. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45(Suppl 1):S31-S39.
79. Loidl J. 2006. S. pombe linear elements: the modest cousins of synaptonemal complexes. Chromosom 115:260-271.
80. Ramesh MA, Malik SB, Logsdon JM. 2005. A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes: evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis. Curr. Biol. 15:185-191.
81. Theelen B, Silvestri M, Guého E, van Belkum A, Boekhout T. 2001. Identification and typing of Malassezia yeasts using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPTm), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). FEMS Yeast Res. 1:79-86.
82. Midreuil F, et al. 1999. Genetic diversity in the yeast species Malassezia pachydermatis analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1287-1294.
83. Boetzer M, Henkel CV, Jansen HJ, Butler D, Pirovano W. 2011. Scaffolding pre-assembled contigs using SSPACE. Bioinformatics 27: 578-579.
84. Cantarel BL, et al. 2008. MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes. Genome Res. 18: 188-196.
85. Holt C, Yandell M. 2011. MAKER2: an annotation pipeline and genome-database management tool for second-generation genome projects. BMC Bioinformatics 12:491.
86. Li W, Godzik A. 2006. Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics 22: 1658-1659.
87. Stanke M, Waack S. 2003. Gene prediction with a hidden Markov model and a new intron submodel. Bioinformatics 19(Suppl 2):ii215-ii225.
88. Ter-Hovhannisyan V, Lomsadze A, Chernoff YO, Borodovsky M. 2008. Gene prediction in novel fungal genomes using an ab initio algorithm with unsupervised training. Genome Res. 18:1979-1990.
89. Korf I. 2004. Gene finding in novel genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 5:59.
90. Al-Reedy RM, Malireddy R, Dillman CB, Kennell JC. 2012. Comparative analysis of Fusarium mitochondrial genomes reveals a highly variable region that encodes an exceptionally large open reading frame. Fungal Genet. Biol. 49:2-14.
91. Eriksson H, et al. 2008. Quantitative membrane proteomics applying narrow range peptide isoelectric focusing for studies of small cell lung cancer resistance mechanisms. Proteomics 8:3008-3018.
92. Larkin MA, et al. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947-2948.
93. Edgar RC. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:1792-1797.
94. Yang Z, Nielsen R. 2000. Estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates under realistic evolutionary models. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:32-43.
95. Guindon S, et al. 2010. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst. Biol. 59:307-321.
96. Leeming JP, Notman FH. 1987. Improved methods for isolation and enumeration of Malassezia furfur from human skin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:2017-2019.
97. Zargari A, Midgley G, Bäck O, Johansson SG, Scheynius A. 2003. IgE-reactivity to seven Malassezia species. Allergy 58:306-311.
98. Kurtz S, et al. 2004. Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes. Genome Biol. 5:R12.
99. Rozen S, Skaletsky H. 2000. Primer3 on theWWWfor general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol. Biol. 132:365-386.
100. Carver TJ, et al. 2005. ACT: the Artemis comparison tool. Bioinformatics 21:3422-3423.
101. Ruiz-Herrera J, Ortiz-Castellanos L, Martínez AI, León-Ramírez C, Sentandreu R. 2008. Analysis of the proteins involved in the structure and synthesis of the cell wall of Ustilago maydis. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45(Suppl 1):S71-S76.
102. Eisenhaber B, Schneider G, Wildpaner M, Eisenhaber F. 2004. A sensitive predictor for potential GPI lipid modification sites in fungal protein sequences and its application to genome-wide studies for Aspergillus nidulans, Candida albicans, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Mol. Biol. 337:243-253.
103. Yasueda H, et al. 1998. Identification and cloning of two novel allergens from the lipophilic yeast, Malassezia furfur. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248:240-244.
104. Onishi Y, et al. 1999. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of Malassezia allergens for atopic dermatitis and isolation of Mal f 4 homologs with mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. Eur. J. Biochem. 261:148-154.
105. Andersson A, et al. 2004. Cloning, expression and characterization of two new IgE-binding proteins from the yeast Malassezia sympodialis with sequence similarities to heat shock proteins and manganese superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 271:1885-1894.
106. Limacher A, et al. 2007. Cross-reactivity and 1.4-Ångstrom crystal structure of Malassezia sympodialis thioredoxin (Mala s 13), a member of a new pan-allergen family. J. Immunol. 178:389-396.
107. Jain E, et al. 2009. Infrastructure for the life sciences: design and implementation of the UniProt website. BMC Bioinformatics 10:136.
108. Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O. 2010. SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol. Biol. Evol. 27:221-224.