메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue , 2016, Pages 65-70

Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings

Author keywords

Carriage; Hajj; Mass gatherings; Meningococcal disease; Neisseria meningitidis; Umrah

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MENINGOCOCCOSIS; MUSLIM; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; RELIGION; SAUDI ARABIA; SEROTYPE; SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATION; CROWDING (AREA); DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HETEROZYGOTE; HISTORY; ISLAM; MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PUBLIC HEALTH; TRANSMISSION; TRAVEL;

EID: 84979687777     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 80555156134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis: biology, microbiology, and epidemiology
    • Rouphael, N.G., Stephens, D.S., Neisseria meningitidis: biology, microbiology, and epidemiology. Methods Mol Biol 799 (2012), 1–20.
    • (2012) Methods Mol Biol , vol.799 , pp. 1-20
    • Rouphael, N.G.1    Stephens, D.S.2
  • 3
    • 67349267346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease
    • Harrison, L.H., Trotter, C.L., Ramsay, M.E., Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease. Vaccine 27:Suppl 2 (2009), B51–B63.
    • (2009) Vaccine , vol.27 , pp. B51-B63
    • Harrison, L.H.1    Trotter, C.L.2    Ramsay, M.E.3
  • 4
    • 84866713386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal disease: changes in epidemiology and prevention
    • Chang, Q., Tzeng, Y.L., Stephens, D.S., Meningococcal disease: changes in epidemiology and prevention. Clin Epidemiol 4 (2012), 237–245.
    • (2012) Clin Epidemiol , vol.4 , pp. 237-245
    • Chang, Q.1    Tzeng, Y.L.2    Stephens, D.S.3
  • 5
    • 33645102068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health risks at the Hajj
    • Ahmed, Q.A., Arabi, Y.M., Memish, Z.A., Health risks at the Hajj. Lancet 367 (2006), 1008–1015.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1008-1015
    • Ahmed, Q.A.1    Arabi, Y.M.2    Memish, Z.A.3
  • 6
    • 84878060915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus recommendation for meningococcal disease prevention for Hajj and Umra pilgrimage/travel medicine
    • Shibl, A., Tufenkeji, H., Khalil, M., Memish, Z., Consensus recommendation for meningococcal disease prevention for Hajj and Umra pilgrimage/travel medicine. East Mediterr Health J 19 (2013), 389–392.
    • (2013) East Mediterr Health J , vol.19 , pp. 389-392
    • Shibl, A.1    Tufenkeji, H.2    Khalil, M.3    Memish, Z.4
  • 7
    • 0029561401 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in Makkah (Mecca), Saudi Arabia, 1992
    • al-Gahtani, Y.M., el Bushra, H.E., al-Qarawi, S.M., al-Zubaidi, A.A., Fontaine, R.E., Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in Makkah (Mecca), Saudi Arabia, 1992. Epidemiol Infect 115 (1995), 399–409.
    • (1995) Epidemiol Infect , vol.115 , pp. 399-409
    • al-Gahtani, Y.M.1    el Bushra, H.E.2    al-Qarawi, S.M.3    al-Zubaidi, A.A.4    Fontaine, R.E.5
  • 8
    • 84884251239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory-confirmed invasive meningococcal disease: effect of the Hajj vaccination policy, Saudi Arabia, 1995 to 2011
    • pii: 20581
    • Memish, Z., Al Hakeem, R., Al Neel, O., Danis, K., Jasir, A., Eibach, D., Laboratory-confirmed invasive meningococcal disease: effect of the Hajj vaccination policy, Saudi Arabia, 1995 to 2011. Euro Surveill, 18, 2013 pii: 20581.
    • (2013) Euro Surveill , vol.18
    • Memish, Z.1    Al Hakeem, R.2    Al Neel, O.3    Danis, K.4    Jasir, A.5    Eibach, D.6
  • 9
    • 0034487716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of case fatality rates of meningococcal disease during outbreaks in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 1987-97
    • el Bushra, H.E., Hassan, N.M., Al-Hamdan, N.A., Al-Jeffri, M.H., Turkistani, A.M., Al-Jumaily, A., et al. Determinants of case fatality rates of meningococcal disease during outbreaks in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 1987-97. Epidemiol Infect 125 (2000), 555–560.
    • (2000) Epidemiol Infect , vol.125 , pp. 555-560
    • el Bushra, H.E.1    Hassan, N.M.2    Al-Hamdan, N.A.3    Al-Jeffri, M.H.4    Turkistani, A.M.5    Al-Jumaily, A.6
  • 10
    • 0024406349 scopus 로고
    • Intercontinental spread of an epidemic group A Neisseria meningitidis strain
    • Moore, P.S., Reeves, M.W., Schwartz, B., Gellin, B.G., Broome, C.V., Intercontinental spread of an epidemic group A Neisseria meningitidis strain. Lancet 2 (1989), 260–263.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 260-263
    • Moore, P.S.1    Reeves, M.W.2    Schwartz, B.3    Gellin, B.G.4    Broome, C.V.5
  • 11
    • 0037444055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hajj-associated outbreak strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135: estimates of the attack rate in a defined population and the risk of invasive disease developing in carriers
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Goh, K.T., Barkham, T., Paton, N.I., Hajj-associated outbreak strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135: estimates of the attack rate in a defined population and the risk of invasive disease developing in carriers. Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003), 679–683.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 679-683
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Goh, K.T.2    Barkham, T.3    Paton, N.I.4
  • 13
    • 4544256589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state
    • Yazdankhah, S.P., Caugant, D.A., Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state. J Med Microbiol 53 (2004), 821–832.
    • (2004) J Med Microbiol , vol.53 , pp. 821-832
    • Yazdankhah, S.P.1    Caugant, D.A.2
  • 14
    • 84872282456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, on carriage and herd immunity
    • Kristiansen, P.A., Diomande, F., Ba, A.K., Sanou, I., Ouedraogo, A.S., Ouedraogo, R., et al. Impact of the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, on carriage and herd immunity. Clin Infect Dis 56 (2013), 354–363.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 354-363
    • Kristiansen, P.A.1    Diomande, F.2    Ba, A.K.3    Sanou, I.4    Ouedraogo, A.S.5    Ouedraogo, R.6
  • 15
    • 40549089883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines on carriage and herd immunity
    • Maiden, M.C., Ibarz-Pavon, A.B., Urwin, R., Gray, S.J., Andrews, N.J., Clarke, S.C., et al. Impact of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines on carriage and herd immunity. J Infect Dis 197 (2008), 737–743.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 737-743
    • Maiden, M.C.1    Ibarz-Pavon, A.B.2    Urwin, R.3    Gray, S.J.4    Andrews, N.J.5    Clarke, S.C.6
  • 17
    • 36348939829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt
    • Trotter, C.L., Greenwood, B.M., Meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt. Lancet Infect Dis 7 (2007), 797–803.
    • (2007) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 797-803
    • Trotter, C.L.1    Greenwood, B.M.2
  • 18
    • 0023724202 scopus 로고
    • Group A meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia
    • Moore, P.S., Harrison, L.H., Telzak, E.E., Ajello, G.W., Broome, C.V., Group A meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia. JAMA 260 (1988), 2686–2689.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 2686-2689
    • Moore, P.S.1    Harrison, L.H.2    Telzak, E.E.3    Ajello, G.W.4    Broome, C.V.5
  • 19
    • 69249217811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal disease and prevention at the Hajj
    • Borrow, R., Meningococcal disease and prevention at the Hajj. Travel Med Infect Dis 7 (2009), 219–225.
    • (2009) Travel Med Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 219-225
    • Borrow, R.1
  • 20
    • 2642585130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carriage of meningococcal meningitis among Riyadh population, 2002
    • Ashoor, B., Turkestani, A., Carriage of meningococcal meningitis among Riyadh population, 2002. Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin, 9, 2002, 11.
    • (2002) Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin , vol.9 , pp. 11
    • Ashoor, B.1    Turkestani, A.2
  • 21
    • 2642526424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis colonization among residents of Makkah and Medina before Hajj season, 1422H (2002)
    • Kholeidi, A., Turkistani, A., Nooh, R., Bajeri, K., Neisseria meningitidis colonization among residents of Makkah and Medina before Hajj season, 1422H (2002). Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin 9 (2002), 17–18.
    • (2002) Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin , vol.9 , pp. 17-18
    • Kholeidi, A.1    Turkistani, A.2    Nooh, R.3    Bajeri, K.4
  • 22
    • 0037293920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal carriage among local inhabitants during the pilgrimage 2000-2001
    • Balkhy, H.H., Memish, Z.A., Osoba, A.O., Meningococcal carriage among local inhabitants during the pilgrimage 2000-2001. Int J Antimicrob Agents 21 (2003), 107–111.
    • (2003) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.21 , pp. 107-111
    • Balkhy, H.H.1    Memish, Z.A.2    Osoba, A.O.3
  • 24
    • 19944405752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 carriage among US travelers to the 2001 Hajj
    • Dull, P.M., Abdelwahab, J., Sacchi, C.T., Becker, M., Noble, C.A., Barnett, G.A., et al. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 carriage among US travelers to the 2001 Hajj. J Infect Dis 191 (2005), 33–39.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.191 , pp. 33-39
    • Dull, P.M.1    Abdelwahab, J.2    Sacchi, C.T.3    Becker, M.4    Noble, C.A.5    Barnett, G.A.6
  • 25
    • 0038725672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of Neisseria meningitidis W-135 electrophoretic type 37 during the Hajj, 2002
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Barkham, T.M., Chew, S.K., Paton, N.I., Absence of Neisseria meningitidis W-135 electrophoretic type 37 during the Hajj, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 9 (2003), 734–737.
    • (2003) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 734-737
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Barkham, T.M.2    Chew, S.K.3    Paton, N.I.4
  • 27
    • 84872234050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of meningococcal serogroup W-135 carriage in Turkish Hajj pilgrims who had received the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Ceyhan, M., Celik, M., Demir, E.T., Gurbuz, V., Aycan, A.E., Unal, S., Acquisition of meningococcal serogroup W-135 carriage in Turkish Hajj pilgrims who had received the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 20 (2013), 66–68.
    • (2013) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.20 , pp. 66-68
    • Ceyhan, M.1    Celik, M.2    Demir, E.T.3    Gurbuz, V.4    Aycan, A.E.5    Unal, S.6
  • 28
    • 3543133028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal W135 carriage; enhanced surveillance amongst east London Muslim pilgrims and their household contacts before and after attending the 2002 Hajj
    • El Bashir, H., Coen, P.G., Haworth, E., Taylor, S., Mifsud, A., El Baki, A., et al. Meningococcal W135 carriage; enhanced surveillance amongst east London Muslim pilgrims and their household contacts before and after attending the 2002 Hajj. Travel Med Infect Dis 2 (2004), 13–15.
    • (2004) Travel Med Infect Dis , vol.2 , pp. 13-15
    • El Bashir, H.1    Coen, P.G.2    Haworth, E.3    Taylor, S.4    Mifsud, A.5    El Baki, A.6
  • 29
    • 45849087727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal carrier rate before and after Hajj pilgrimage: effect of single dose ciprofloxacin on carriage
    • Alborzi, A., Oskoee, S., Pourabbas, B., Alborzi, S., Astaneh, B., Gooya, M.M., et al. Meningococcal carrier rate before and after Hajj pilgrimage: effect of single dose ciprofloxacin on carriage. East Mediterr Health J 14 (2008), 277–282.
    • (2008) East Mediterr Health J , vol.14 , pp. 277-282
    • Alborzi, A.1    Oskoee, S.2    Pourabbas, B.3    Alborzi, S.4    Astaneh, B.5    Gooya, M.M.6
  • 30
    • 84856379848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper, November 2011
    • World Health Organization, Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper, November 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86 (2011), 521–539.
    • (2011) Wkly Epidemiol Rec , vol.86 , pp. 521-539
    • World Health Organization1
  • 31
    • 0037240965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of W135 Neisseria meningitidis carriage in returning Hajj pilgrims: risk for early and late transmission to household contacts
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Barkham, T.M., Ravindran, S., Earnest, A., Paton, N.I., Persistence of W135 Neisseria meningitidis carriage in returning Hajj pilgrims: risk for early and late transmission to household contacts. Emerg Infect Dis 9 (2003), 123–126.
    • (2003) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 123-126
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Barkham, T.M.2    Ravindran, S.3    Earnest, A.4    Paton, N.I.5
  • 32
    • 0037153710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W135 meningococcal carriage in Hajj pilgrims
    • Hahne, S., Handford, S., Ramsay, M., W135 meningococcal carriage in Hajj pilgrims. Lancet 360 (2002), 2089–2090.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 2089-2090
    • Hahne, S.1    Handford, S.2    Ramsay, M.3
  • 33
    • 77953185504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of Neisseria meningitidis from throat swabs of Kuwaiti pilgrims after returning from the Hajj
    • Husain, E.H., Dashti, A.A., Electricwala, Q.Y., Abdulsamad, A.M., Al-Sayegh, S., Absence of Neisseria meningitidis from throat swabs of Kuwaiti pilgrims after returning from the Hajj. Med Princ Pract 19 (2010), 321–323.
    • (2010) Med Princ Pract , vol.19 , pp. 321-323
    • Husain, E.H.1    Dashti, A.A.2    Electricwala, Q.Y.3    Abdulsamad, A.M.4    Al-Sayegh, S.5
  • 34
    • 0038540382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningococcal carriage in Umra pilgrims returning from Saudi Arabia
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Paton, N.I., Barkham, T.M., Earnest, A., Meningococcal carriage in Umra pilgrims returning from Saudi Arabia. J Travel Med 10 (2003), 147–149.
    • (2003) J Travel Med , vol.10 , pp. 147-149
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Paton, N.I.2    Barkham, T.M.3    Earnest, A.4
  • 35
    • 0037125620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of W135 meningococcal carriage in Hajj pilgrims and transmission to household contacts: prospective study
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Barkham, T.M., Earnest, A., Paton, N.I., Acquisition of W135 meningococcal carriage in Hajj pilgrims and transmission to household contacts: prospective study. BMJ 325 (2002), 365–366.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 365-366
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Barkham, T.M.2    Earnest, A.3    Paton, N.I.4
  • 36
    • 84979648424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nasal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among Umrah visitors and pilgrims during Umrah and Hajj season
    • Ashgar, S., El-Said, H., Johargy, A., Momenah, A., Asghar, A., Sorour, A., et al. Prevalence of nasal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among Umrah visitors and pilgrims during Umrah and Hajj season. Glo Adv Res J Microbiol 2 (2013), 141–149.
    • (2013) Glo Adv Res J Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 141-149
    • Ashgar, S.1    El-Said, H.2    Johargy, A.3    Momenah, A.4    Asghar, A.5    Sorour, A.6
  • 38
    • 0034706229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carriage of serogroup W-135, ET-37 meningococci in The Gambia: implications for immunisation policy?
    • MacLennan, J.M., Urwin, R., Obaro, S., Griffiths, D., Greenwood, B., Maiden, M.C., Carriage of serogroup W-135, ET-37 meningococci in The Gambia: implications for immunisation policy?. Lancet, 356, 2000, 1078.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1078
    • MacLennan, J.M.1    Urwin, R.2    Obaro, S.3    Griffiths, D.4    Greenwood, B.5    Maiden, M.C.6
  • 39
    • 69249205416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • meningococcal disease during Hajj: preparing for the worst scenario
    • Khalil, M.K., Borrow, R., Serogroup, B., meningococcal disease during Hajj: preparing for the worst scenario. Travel Med Infect Dis 7 (2009), 231–234.
    • (2009) Travel Med Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 231-234
    • Khalil, M.K.1    Borrow, R.2    Serogroup, B.3
  • 41
    • 0035234389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two serologically non-groupable Neisseria meningitidis strains from clinical specimens identified by molecular method as serogroup B meningococci
    • Tsang, R.S., Law, D., Squires, S.G., Two serologically non-groupable Neisseria meningitidis strains from clinical specimens identified by molecular method as serogroup B meningococci. Can Commun Dis Rep 27 (2001), 9–12.
    • (2001) Can Commun Dis Rep , vol.27 , pp. 9-12
    • Tsang, R.S.1    Law, D.2    Squires, S.G.3
  • 42
    • 2642552233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis W-135 carriage during the Hajj season 2003
    • Balkhy, H.H., Memish, Z.A., Almuneef, M.A., Osoba, A.O., Neisseria meningitidis W-135 carriage during the Hajj season 2003. Scand J Infect Dis 36 (2004), 264–268.
    • (2004) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 264-268
    • Balkhy, H.H.1    Memish, Z.A.2    Almuneef, M.A.3    Osoba, A.O.4
  • 43
    • 20244378394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal carriage of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis in Hajjees and their family contacts in Morocco, Oman and Sudan
    • Nicolas, P., Ait M'barek, N., Al-Awaidy, S., Al Busaidy, S., Sulaiman, N., Issa, M., et al. Pharyngeal carriage of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis in Hajjees and their family contacts in Morocco, Oman and Sudan. APMIS 113 (2005), 182–186.
    • (2005) APMIS , vol.113 , pp. 182-186
    • Nicolas, P.1    Ait M'barek, N.2    Al-Awaidy, S.3    Al Busaidy, S.4    Sulaiman, N.5    Issa, M.6
  • 44
    • 0037167429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained outbreak of W135 meningococcal disease in east London, UK
    • Wilder-Smith, A., Barkham, T.M., Paton, N.I., Sustained outbreak of W135 meningococcal disease in east London, UK. Lancet 360 (2002), 644–645.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 644-645
    • Wilder-Smith, A.1    Barkham, T.M.2    Paton, N.I.3
  • 46
    • 0023650118 scopus 로고
    • Epidemic group A meningococcal disease in Haj pilgrims
    • Novelli, V.M., Lewis, R.G., Dawood, S.T., Epidemic group A meningococcal disease in Haj pilgrims. Lancet, 2, 1987, 863.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 863
    • Novelli, V.M.1    Lewis, R.G.2    Dawood, S.T.3
  • 47
    • 0037116882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W135 meningococcal disease in England and Wales associated with Hajj 2000 and 2001
    • Hahne, S.J., Gray, S.J., Jean, F., Aguilera, Crowcroft, N.S., Nichols, T., et al. W135 meningococcal disease in England and Wales associated with Hajj 2000 and 2001. Lancet 359 (2002), 582–583.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 582-583
    • Hahne, S.J.1    Gray, S.J.2    Jean, F.3    Aguilera4    Crowcroft, N.S.5    Nichols, T.6
  • 48
    • 0035000074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among household contacts of patients with meningococcal disease in New Zealand
    • Simmons, G., Martin, D., Stewart, J., Jones, N., Calder, L., Bremner, D., Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among household contacts of patients with meningococcal disease in New Zealand. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20 (2001), 237–242.
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 237-242
    • Simmons, G.1    Martin, D.2    Stewart, J.3    Jones, N.4    Calder, L.5    Bremner, D.6
  • 50
    • 18144449769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for meningococcal carriage by Muslims returning from the Hajj to Hat Yai Airport, Thailand
    • Phrom-in, S., Surveillance for meningococcal carriage by Muslims returning from the Hajj to Hat Yai Airport, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 33:Suppl 3 (2002), 127–130.
    • (2002) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.33 , pp. 127-130
    • Phrom-in, S.1
  • 51
    • 84947444388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis before and after the Hajj pilgrimage, in Zahedan (southeastern Iran), 2012
    • Metanat, M., Sharifi-Mood, B., Sanei-Moghaddam, S., Sepehri-Rad, N., Pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis before and after the Hajj pilgrimage, in Zahedan (southeastern Iran), 2012. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 45 (2015), 1405–1407.
    • (2015) Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences , vol.45 , pp. 1405-1407
    • Metanat, M.1    Sharifi-Mood, B.2    Sanei-Moghaddam, S.3    Sepehri-Rad, N.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.