Motivating smokers to quit using computer-generated letters that target either reduction or cessation: A population-based randomized controlled trial among smokers who do not intend to quit

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 166, Issue , 2016, Pages 177-186

  Meyer, Christian ^a,b   Ulbricht, Sabina ^a,b   Haug, Severin ^c   Broda, Anja ^d   Bischof, Gallus ^e   Rumpf, Hans Jürgen ^e   John, Ulrich ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICINE GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

^b DZHK GERMAN CENTRE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c Institut fur Sucht und Gesundheitsforschung Zurich   (Switzerland)

^d MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Computer expert system; Population based interventions; Reduced smoking; Self help intervention; Smoking cessation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTIVATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT COUNSELING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SELF HELP; SMOKING CESSATION; SMOKING HABIT; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; COUNSELING; EXPERT SYSTEM; MIDDLE AGED; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; SELF CARE; SMOKING; THEORETICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COUNSELING; EXPERT SYSTEMS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INTENTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MOTIVATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; SELF CARE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84979517811     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: 18790046     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.009     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Altman, D.G., Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat. BMJ 317 (1998), 1309–1312.
2. Anatchkova, M.D., Velicer, W.F., Prochaska, J.O., Replication of subtypes for smoking cessation within the precontemplation stage of change. Addict. Behav. 31 (2006), 1101–1115.
3. Asfar, T., Ebbert, J.O., Klesges, R.C., Relyea, G.E., Do smoking reduction interventions promote cessation in smokers not ready to quit?. Addict. Behav. 36 (2011), 764–768.
4. Bandura, A., Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol. Rev. 84 (1977), 191–215.
5. Biener, L., Abrams, D.B., The contemplation ladder: validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 10 (1991), 360–365.
6. Bullinger, M., Kirchberger, I., SF-36 Fragebogen zum Gesundheitszustand. 1998, Hogrefe Göttingen.
7. Carpenter, M.J., Hughes, J.R., Solomon, L.J., Callas, P.W., Both smoking reduction with nicotine replacement therapy and motivational advice increase future cessation among smokers unmotivated to quit. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 72 (2004), 371–381.
8. Cinciripini, P.M., Lapitsky, L., Seay, S., Wallfisch, A., Kitchens, K., Van Vunakis, H., The effects of smoking schedules on cessation outcome: can we improve on common methods of gradual and abrupt nicotine withdrawal?. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 63 (1995), 388–399.
9. Cohen, J., Statistical Power Analyses for the Behavioural Science. 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
10. Connor Gorber, S., Schofield-Hurwitz, S., Hardt, J., Levasseur, G., Tremblay, M., The accuracy of self-reported smoking: a systematic review of the relationship between self-reported and cotinine-assessed smoking status. Nicotine Tob. Res. 11 (2009), 12–24.
11. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014. The Health Consequences Of Smoking–50 Years Of Progress. A Report Of The Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA.
12. DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., Fairhurst, S.K., Velicer, W.F., Velasquez, M.M., Rossi, J.S., The process of smoking cessation: an analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 59 (1991), 295–304.
13. Dijkstra, A., Bakker, M., De Vries, H., Subtypes within a sample of precontemplating smokers: a preliminary extension of the stages of change. Addict. Behav. 22 (1997), 327–337.
14. Dumville, J.C., Hahn, S., Miles, J.N., Torgerson, D.J., The use of unequal randomisation ratios in clinical trials: a review. Contemp. Clin. Trials 27 (2006), 1–12.
15. Etter, J.F., Bergman, M.M., Perneger, T.V., On quitting smoking: development of two scales measuring the use of self-change strategies in current and former smokers (SCS-CS and SCS-FS). Addict. Behav. 25 (2000), 523–538.
16. Fiore, M.C., Jaen, C., Baker, T., et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline U.S. Departement of Health and Human Service. 2008, Public Health Service, Rockville, MD.
17. Glasgow, R.E., Klesges, L.M., Dzewaltowski, D.A., Estabrooks, P.A., Vogt, T.M., Evaluating the impact of health promotion programs: using the RE-AIM framework to form summary measures for decision making involving complex issues. Health Educ. Res. 21 (2006), 688–694.
18. Glasgow, R.E., Gaglio, B., Estabrooks, P.A., Marcus, A.C., Ritzwoller, D.P., Smith, T.L., Levinson, A.H., Sukhanova, A., O'Donnell, C., Ferro, E.F., France, E.K., Long-term results of a smoking reduction program. Med. Care 47 (2009), 115–120.
19. Häder, S., Gabler, S., Ein neues stichprobendesign für telefonische umfragen in deutschland. Gabler, S., Häder, S., Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, (eds.) Telefonstichproben in Deutschland, 1998, Westdeutscher Verlag Opladen, 69–88.
20. Hartmann-Boyce, J., Lancaster, T., Stead, L., 2014. Print-based self-help interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database System. Rev. CD001118.
21. Heatherton, T.F., Kozlowski, L.T., Frecker, R.C., Fagerström, K.-O., The Fagerström Test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire. Br. J. Addict. 86 (1991), 1119–1127.
22. Hughes, J.R., Carpenter, M.J., The feasibility of smoking reduction: an update. Addiction 100 (2005), 1074–1089.
23. Hughes, J.R., Carpenter, M.J., Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review. Nicotine Tob. Res. 8 (2006), 739–749.
24. Hughes, J.R., Keely, J.P., Niaura, R.S., Ossip-Klein, D.J., Richmond, R.L., Swan, G.E., Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: issues and recommendations. Nicotine Tob. Res. 5 (2003), 13–25.
25. Jäkle, C., Keller, S., Baum, E., Basler, H.-D., Skalen zur Selbstwirksamkeit und Entscheidungsbalance im Prozeß der Verhaltensänderung von Rauchern. Diagnostica 45 (1999), 138–145.
26. John, U., Meyer, C., Rumpf, H.J., Hapke, U., Relation among stage of change, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and nicotine dependence in an adult German population. Prev. Med. 37 (2003), 368–374.
27. Martin-Diener, E., Gehring, T.M., Somaini, B., Computergestützte Raucherentwöhnung (computer-based smoking cessation). Ther. Umsch. 54 (1997), 463–467.
28. McCambridge, J., Butor-Bhavsar, K., Witton, J., Elbourne, D., Can research assessments themselves cause bias in behaviour change trials? A systematic review of evidence from solomon 4-group studies. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e25223.
29. Meyer, C., Rumpf, H.J., Schumann, A., Hapke, U., John, U., Subtyping general population smokers not intending to quit by stages to reduce smoking. Nicotine Tob. Res. 6 (2004), 1043–1050.
30. Meyer, C., Ulbricht, S., Baumeister, S.E., Schumann, A., Ruge, J., Bischof, G., Rumpf, H.J., John, U., Proactive interventions for smoking cessation in general medical practice: a quasi-randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of computer-tailored letters and physician-delivered brief advice. Addiction 103 (2008), 294–304.
31. Meyer, C., Ulbricht, S., Gross, B., Kastel, L., Wittrien, S., Klein, G., Skoeries, B.A., Rumpf, H.J., John, U., Adoption, reach and effectiveness of computer-based: practitioner delivered and combined smoking interventions in general medical practices: a three-arm cluster randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 121 (2012), 124–132.
32. Pisinger, C., Godtfredsen, N.S., Is there a health benefit of reduced tobacco consumption? A systematic review. Nicotine Tob. Res. 9 (2007), 631–646.
33. Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., Fava, J.L., Rossi, J.S., Tsoh, J.Y., Evaluating a population-based recruitment approach and a stage-based expert system intervention for smoking cessation. Addict. Behav. 26 (2001), 583–602.
34. Reid, J.L., Hammond, D., Boudreau, C., Fong, G.T., Siahpush, M., Collaboration, I.T.C., Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob. Res. 12 (2010), S20–S33.
35. Royston, P., Multiple imputation of missing values: update of ice. Stat J. 5 (2005), 527–536.
36. Schafer, J.L., Graham, J.W., Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol. Methods 7 (2002), 147–177.
37. Schorr, G., Ulbricht, S., Schmidt, C.O., Baumeister, S.E., Ruge, J., Schumann, A., Rumpf, H.J., John, U., Meyer, C., Does precontemplation represent a homogeneous stage category? A latent class analysis on German smokers. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76 (2008), 840–851.
38. Schumann, A., John, U., Ulbricht, S., Ruge, J., Bischof, G., Meyer, C., Variability of tailoring of a smoking cessation intervention based on the transtheoretical model. Addict. Behav. 32 (2007), 3083–3087.
39. Schumann, A., John, U., Ulbricht, S., Ruege, J., Bischof, G., Meyer, C., Computer-generated tailored feedback letters for smoking cessation: theoretical and empirical variability of tailoring. Int. J. Med. Inform. 77 (2008), 715–722.
40. Shiffman, S., Gitchell, J.G., Warner, K.E., Slade, J., Henningfield, J.E., Pinney, J.M., Tobacco harm reduction: conceptual structure and nomenclature for analysis and research. Nicotine Tob. Res. 4 (2002), S113–S129.
41. Stata Corp, Stata Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual, Release 13. 2013, Stata Press, College Station, TX.
42. Velicer, W.F., Prochaska, J.O., Rossi, J.S., Snow, M.G., Assessing outcome in smoking cessation studies. Psychol. Bull. 111 (1992), 23–41.
43. Velicer, W.F., Prochaska, J.O., Bellis, J.M., DiClemente, C.C., Rossi, J.S., Fava, J.L., Steiger, J.H., An expert system intervention for smoking cessation. Addict. Behav. 18 (1993), 269–290.
44. Velicer, W.F., Fava, J.L., Prochaska, J.O., Abrams, D.B., Emmons, K.M., Pierce, J.P., Distribution of smokers by stage in three representative samples. Prev. Med. 24 (1995), 401–411.
45. Velicer, W.F., Prochaska, J.O., Fava, J.L., Rossi, J.S., Redding, C.A., Laforge, R.G., Robbins, M.L., Using the transtheoretical model for population-based approaches to health promotion and disease prevention. Homeost. Health Dis. 40 (2000), 174–195.
46. Vickers, A.J., Altman, D.G., Statistics notes: missing outcomes in randomised trials. BMJ, 346, 2013, f3438.
47. Wewers, M.E., Stillman, F.A., Hartman, A.M., Shopland, D.R., Distribution of daily smokers by stage of change: current Population Survey results. Prev. Med. 36 (2003), 710–720.